Timothy Keister, CWT , Chief Chemist ProChemTech International, Inc. 51 ProChemTech Drive

Green Technology for Green Technology for Biological Control of Biological Control of

Marcellus Shale Marcellus Shale Hyrofracture Waters Hyrofracture Waters

Shale Gas Innovation ContestShale Gas Innovation Contest Ben Franklin Technology Partners Ben Franklin Technology Partners

May 7, 2013May 7, 2013Timothy Keister, CWT , Chief ChemistTimothy Keister, CWT , Chief Chemist

ProChemTech International, Inc.ProChemTech International, Inc.

51 ProChemTech Drive51 ProChemTech Drive

Brockway PA Brockway PA

Marcellus Hydrofracture Marcellus Hydrofracture

Each gas well Each gas well requires 4 to 10 requires 4 to 10 million gallons of million gallons of biologically biologically controlled water per controlled water per hydrofracture hydrofracture

Current biological Current biological control technology control technology uses various uses various hazardous, persistent hazardous, persistent chemical biocides chemical biocides

The Marcellus Shale is the largest natural gas

development in North America

Marcellus Deposit Outlined in Blue

Use of Toxic, Persistent Chemical Biocides for Biological Control of Hydrofracture Water is a Major

Environmental and Safety Hazard

ProChemTech International, Inc. has developed an electrolytic technology that provides a safe, low cost environmentally acceptable means for biological control of

hydrofracture water“ElectroBrom”

Oral Toxicity of Oral Toxicity of Biocides Used in Biocides Used in

Hydrofracture WaterHydrofracture Water Chemical Name Oral Toxicity LD 50 Rat

Glutaraldehyde 134 mg/kg

Dibromo nitrilopropionamide 510 mg/kg

Dazomet 519 mg/kg

Isothiazolin 57.2 mg/kg

ElectroBrom precursor 20,500 mg/kg

Aquatic Toxicity of Aquatic Toxicity of Biocides Used in Biocides Used in

Hydrofracture WaterHydrofracture Water Aquatic Toxicity Typical

Biocide Name LC 50 Trout Use Levels

Glutaraldehyde 56.2 mg/l 125 mg/l

Dibromo nitrilopropionamide 2.3 mg/l 55 mg/l

Dazomet 0.16 mg/l 60 mg/l

Isothiazolin 0.14 mg/l 200 mg/l

ElectroBrom precursor > 3,000 mg/l 45 mg/l

How It WorksHow It WorksPassage of a high Passage of a high

amperage, low voltage amperage, low voltage direct current through an direct current through an

aqueous salt solution aqueous salt solution produces a solution of produces a solution of

““Electrolytic BromineElectrolytic Bromine””

which consists of which consists of

brominebromine

hypobromous acidhypobromous acid

hypobromitehypobromite

Effective Biological Control Effective Biological Control

Electrolytic Bromine is a very effective product for biological control and has been used by

ProChemTech for many years in cooling tower systems

One cooling tower system at the Sky Harbor Airport, Phoenix, AZ, has a flow rate of 11,000 gpm and has been biologically controlled using electrolytic bromine as the only biocide since

August, 2012.

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact Electrolytic bromine degrades under Electrolytic bromine degrades under

typical environmental conditions in typical environmental conditions in a matter of hours to harmless a matter of hours to harmless

bromide ionbromide ion

Bromide ion is found in sea water atBromide ion is found in sea water at

65 mg/l65 mg/l

Bromide ion is also found in flowback Bromide ion is also found in flowback and production wastewaters at and production wastewaters at

400 to 1700 mg/l400 to 1700 mg/l

Hydrofracture flowback and production Hydrofracture flowback and production wastewaters typically have a conductivity wastewaters typically have a conductivity

exceeding 200,000 mmhosexceeding 200,000 mmhos

ProChemTech electrolytic bromine units use an ProChemTech electrolytic bromine units use an aqueous mixed sodium bromide and chloride feed aqueous mixed sodium bromide and chloride feed

precursor solution with a conductivity of precursor solution with a conductivity of

40,000 mmhos40,000 mmhos

We believe that hydrofracture flowback and We believe that hydrofracture flowback and production wastewaters can be used as feed production wastewaters can be used as feed

solution to our electrolytic bromine unitssolution to our electrolytic bromine units

Materials Cost Comparison

Based on four day hydrofracture job with a flow rate of 4,200 gpm, 1.2

mgd total each day

20% dibromo nitrilopropionamide $9,900

50% glutaraldehyde $23,500

1.5% isothiazolin $27,000

electrolytic bromine (production WW) $0

electrolytic bromine (new precursor) $2,850

ElectroBrom power and cell $700

Current Technology Current Technology ElectroBrom EB 60 cost for ElectroBrom EB 60 cost for noted hydrofracture job = noted hydrofracture job =

$70,000$70,000

Patent Status

US Patent 7,927,470 issued April 19, 2011, for the monolithic graphite electrolytic cell used in our electrolytic bromine generators

US patent application 13/075,272 application pending for method of graphite impregnation

Thank You - Questions