Timeline of Roman History 3.2

8/2/2019 Timeline of Roman History 3.2

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-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61

ERIODS JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

MPERORS Augustus (27BC to AD14)Tiberius (14-37)

Caligula (37-41)

Claudius (41-54)

Nero (54-68)

ILITARY

VENTS

4 BC: Jesus born. 29:Jesus Crucified

9: Romandefeat atTeutoburg

Forest preventsexpansion intoGermania.

43: Invasion ofBritain under

emperorClaudius.

41: Praetoriansmurder Caligulaand elevateClaudius to thethrone.


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64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106 109 112 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 145 148 151 154 157 160 163 166

FLAVIAN DYNASTY ANTONINE DYNASTY (96-192)

Galba (68-69) Nerva (96-98)

Otho (69) Tra an (98-117)

Vitellius (69) Hadrian (117-138)

Ves asian (69-79) Antoninus Pius (138-161)

Titus (79-81) Marcus A

Domitian (81-96) Lucius Verus

79: Vesuvius erupts.

Pompeii destroyed.

80: Colosseum inaugurated.

68-69: (Year of the 4 Emperors) After Nero's suicide, the

Praetorians recognize Galba asemperor. Unhappy with Galba, the

Praetorians murder him and putOtho in his place. Legions stationed in Germania

acclaim Vitellius as emperor, whomarches on Rome and defeats Otho.

Legions stationed in Judea acclaimVespasian as emperor, whomarches on Rome and defeatsVitellius.

66-73: FirstRoman-Jewishwar

132-136:BarKochba

revolt.

117: Maximumextent of RomanEmpire.

101-102/ 105-106:Dacian Wars 113-116:

Campaignsagainst

Persianempire.


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69 172 175 178 181 184 187 190 193 196 199 202 205 208 211 214 217 220 223 226 229 232 235 238 241 244 247 250 253 256 259 262 265 268 271

SEVERAN DYNASTY (193-235) CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY

Pertinax (193) Maximin (235-238)

Didius Julianus (193) Gordian I (238 - suicide)

Septimius Severus (193-211) Gordian II (238 - killed in battle)

Geta (209-212) Maximus (238)

elius (161-180) Caracalla (211-217) Balbinus (238)61-169) Macrinus (217-218) Gordian III (238-244)

Commodus (177-192) Elagabalus (218-222) Phlip the Arab (244-249)

Alexander Severus (222-235) Decius (249-251)

Gallus (251-253)

Aemilian (253)

Valerian (253-260)

Gallienus (253-268)

Claudius

Quintill

Aurel

243:TimesitheusdefeatsPersians.

251: Decius is1st emperorkilled in battle.

193: (Year of the 5 Emperors)- Pertinax named emperor, latermurdered.- Pretorians sell throne to D.Julianus, who would be defeated bySeptimius Severus.- Niger (Syria) -defeated 194- and

Albinus (Brittania) -defeated 197),also claim the throne.

271/abaDaci

260: Valeriancaptured inbattle against

Persians.

260: Gallic andPalmyreneempires breakaway.

249: Danubelegions promoteDecius asemperor; Philipthe Arab killed in

ensuing civil war.

217: Caracallamurdered, Macrinusbecomes emperor.

218:A force loyal toElagabalus defeats

Macrinus' troopsnear Antioch;Macrinus is latercaptured andexecuted.

222: Praetoriansmurder Helagabalusand place

Alexander Severuson the throne.

244: Gordian IIIkilled by order ofPhilip the Arab.


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274 277 280 283 286 289 292 295 298 301 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 319 322 325 328 331 334 337

THE TETRARCHY CONSTANTINIAN D

Diocletian (284-305)

Co

Diocletian (Augustus)

Galerius (Caesar) (293-311) (Augustus)Maximinus Daia (Caesar) (305-313) (Augustus)

Licinius

EAST

WEST

Maximian (Augustus) (286-305)

Constantius I (Caesar) (293-306) (Augustus)

othicus (268-270) Maxentius (306-312)

s (270) Licinius (308-324)

n (270-275) Constantine I (306-337)

Tacitus (275-276) Severus C

Florian (276) C

Probus (276-282)

Carus (282-283)

Numerian (283-284)

Carinus (283-285)

Ulfilas (311-383)

Romanson province of

2/3:Aurelian defeatsnobia and recovers

almyrene Empire.

274:Aurelianrecovers GallicEmpire.

306:- Death of Constantius.- Severus named Augustus of thewest.- Legions in Brittania acclaimConstantine, son of Constantius I,

as Caesar.- Maxentius declares himselfCaesar, offering his fatherMaximian to return to the throneas Augustus.

305:Abdicationof Diocletianand Maximian.

312: Constantinedefeats and killsMaxentius atBattle of theMilvian Bridge.

313: MaximinusDaia defeated byLicinius, dies thesame year.

324: Constantinedefeats Liciniusand unifiesempire.

313: Edict ofMilanproclaimsreligioustolerance.

325: Coucilof NiceadeclaresArrianismheretic.

330:ConstantinoplebecomesEmperor'sresidence.


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340 343 346 349 352 355 358 361 364 367 370 373 376 379 382 385 388 391 394 397 400 403 406 409 412 415 418 421 424 427 430 433 436 439 442

ASTY VALENTINIAN DYNASTY

DYNASTY OF THEODOSIUS

Valens (364-378)

stantius II (337-361) Theodosius I "The Great" (379-395)

Julian (361-363) Arcadius (395-408)

Jovian (363-364) Theodosius II (408-450)

Honorius (395-423)

Stilicho (395?-408) Constantius III (421)

Valentinian I (364-375) Joannes (423-425)

Gratian (375-383) Valentinian III (425-455)

stantine II (337-340) Valentinian II (375-387) (388-392) Flavius Aetius (425-454)

stans (337-350) Maximus (383-388) Eugenius (392-394)

VANDAL KINGDGenseric

VISIGOTHIC KINDGOMTheodoric I (418-451)

FRANKS

Merovech (415-457)

Alaric (370-410)

350: Constansmurdered byone of hisgenerals.

360: Julianproclaimedemperor by histroops at Paris.

364: Jovian dies.Valentinianproclaimed emperorby his troops.

383: Maximus assassinatesGratian and is recognized byTheodosius; Valentinian IIretains government of Italyunder tutelage of Arbogast.

378: Valenskilled at battleof Adrianople.

383:TheodosiusdefeatsMaximus

392:Arbogast

killsValentinian IIand placesEugenius onthe throne.

394: Theodosiusdefeats and killsEugenius andArbogast; empireunited for the lasttime.

340: Ulfilas preachesrian Christianity

mong the Goths.

390:TheodosiussacksThessalonica

395: Rufinus,guardian of

Arcadius, is killed,perhaps by order ofStilicho.

410: Gothsunder Alaricsack Rome.

408: Stilicho

executed onHonorius'orders.

418: Kingdomof Toulouseestablished.

406:Contingents ofVandals,

Alans andSuevi crossthe Rhine andadvance toHispania.

396: Visigothsunder Alaricdestroy thetemple atEleusis.

402: Stilichodefeats Alaricat battles ofPollentia andVerona; Alaricretreats fo

Illyria.

404: Westerncapital movedfrom Milan toRavenna.

407: Romanlegions leaveBrittania.

405: Stilicho

defeats Suevi innorthern Italy.

Hispania AD 418

414:Ataulf,successor of

Alaric, marriesHonorius' halfsister, GallaPlacidia.

c. 420: SalianFranks expand intonorthern France.

425:An army sent byTheodosius II defeatsthe forces of Joannes;Valentinian III namedemperor; Flavius

Aetius namedmagister militum.

423: Upon death ofHonorius, theusurper Joannes isproclaimedemperor.

429: Vandalscross into Africa,perhapssummoned byBoniface.

428: Gensericbecoms kingof the Vandals.


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445 448 451 454 457 460 463 466 469 472 475 478 481 484 487 490 493 496 499 502 505 508 511 514 517 520 523 526 529 532 535 538 541 544 547

COLLAPSE OF WESTERN EMPIRE

HOUSE OF LEO HOUSE OF JUSTIN

Leo I (457-474)

Leo II (474)

Zeno (474-491)

Anastasius (491-518)

Marcian (450-457)

Avitus (455-456)

Majorian (456-461)

Libius Severus (461-465)

Anthemius (467-472)

Olybrius (472)

Glycerius (473)

Julius Nepos (473-475)

Ricimer (c. 455-472) Romulus Augustus (475-476)

Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy Ostrogothic Kingdom of ItalyOdoacer (476-493)

Theoderic the Great (493-526)

OM OF AFRICA

Theodoric II (453-466) Alaric II(484-507)

Thorismund (451-453) Euric (466-484)

DOMAIN OF SOISSONSAegidius (461-464/5)

Siagrius (464/5 - 486)

Childeric I (458-481)

Clovis I (481-511)

475: Julius Neposdeposed by Orestes(father of RomulusAugustus); continuesto reign from Dalmatiaas de facto emperoruntil 480.

476: Uprising led byOdoacer deposesRomulus Augustus

489-90: The OstrogothTheoderic invadesItaly and capturesmost ot the peninsula,besieging Odoacer inRavenna.

493: Ravenna fallsafter 3 years;Theoderic invitesOdoacer to a banquetand murders him.

451: Battle of Catalaunian Plains.

- Romans and allies (Visigoths,Franks, Burgundians, Saxons) defeatarmy of Huns and allies (Ostrogoths,Alamanni, Heruli, etc.).- Theoderic I of the Visigoths dies

486: Battle ofSoissons; Clovis Idefeats Syagrius andcaptures Domain ofSoissons; end of thelast remnant of theRoman empire in theWest.

455: VandalsunderGenseric sackRome.


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0 553 556 559 562 565 568 571 574 577 580 583


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-755 -750 -745 -740 -735 -730 -725 -720 -715 -710 -705 -700 -695 -690 -685 -680 -675 -670 -665 -660 -655 -650 -645 -640 -635

PERIODS

MYTHS ANDTRADITIONAL Romulus (r. -753 to -716) Numa Pompilus (r. -715 to -673) Tullus Hostilius (r. -673 to -641) Ancus Marcius (r. -640 to -6DATES

GOVERNMENTAND LAW

MILITARYAND FOREIGNAFFAIRS

M O N A R C H Y ( - 7 5 3 t o - 5 1 0 )

-753: April 21:legendaryfoundation ofRome.

-665: AlbaLonga

destroyed

-667: Combatbetween Horatiiand Curiatii


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ENGINEERING

EVENTS

PROVINCES

ELSEWHERE Jeroboam II reigns in IsaelAssyrian kingdom

Weak government in Egypt

Greek Dark Ages ending

-734:Syracusefounded.

-707:Tarentumfounded.


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-630 -625 -620 -615 -610 -605 -600 -595 -590 -585 -580 -575 -570 -565 -560 -555 -550 -545 -540 -535 -530 -525 -520 -515 -510 -505

16) L. Tarquinus Priscus (r. -616 to -579) Servius Tullius (r. -578 to -535) L. Tarquinus "Superbus" (r. -535 to -509)

M O N A R C H Y ( - 7 5 3 t o - 5 1 0 )

-509:Monarchyoverthrown.

-508: LarsPorsennaattacksRome;Horatius'defense atthe Bridge

-509: 1sttreaty withCarthage.


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c. -600:CuriaHostilia 1stSenatehouse)

-540:EtruscansdefeatGreeks atBattle ofAlalia.

-600: Capuafounded byEtruscans.


12/27

-500 -495 -490 -485 -480 -475 -470 -465 -460 -455 -450 -445 -440 -435 -430 -425 -420 -415 -410 -405 -400 -395 -390 -385 -380 -375

R E P U B L I C ( - 509 t o - 31 ) R E P U B L I C ( - 509 t o - 31 )

-496: Battle ofLake Regillusagainst LatinLeague.

-494: 1stSecessioPlebs;creation ofPlebeianTribunes andPlebeian

Aediles.

-491:Coriolanusleads Volscianarmy againstRome.

-458:Cincinnatusdictator.

-451 to -450:TheDecemviri.Publication ofthe TwelveTables.

-445: LexCanuleia

(Patrician -Plebeianmarriageaccepted)

-443:Censorshipestablished.

-406 to -396: siege of Veii. -391:Camilusexiled.

-390: Gaulsdefeat Romansat river Allia;sack of Rome;Manlius savesthe Capitoline.

-384:Manliusexecuted.

-421:Quaestorshipsraised to four;open to plebs.


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-474:GreeksdefeatEtruscansat Battle ofCumae.


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-370 -365 -360 -355 -350 -345 -340 -335 -330 -325 -320 -315 -310 -305 -300 -295 -290 -285 -280 -275 -270 -265 -260 -255 -250 -245

-264 Romans land in Messina

-260 Naval victory off Mylae

-256 Naval victory off Economus; Reg

-255 Regulus defeated and capture

-249 Claudius' naval defe

-249 Hamilcar Barca s

R E P U B L I C ( - 509 t o - 31 ) R E P U B L I C ( - 509 t o

-367: LexLiciniaSextia

(Consulateopen toplebeians)

-343 to -341:1st SamniteWar

-340 to-338:LatinWar

-327 to -304: 2nd Samnite War-298 to -290: 3rdSamnite War

-272:Tarentumcaptured.

-312:Censorshipof Appius

Claudius

-321:Romandefeat atCaudineForks.

-295: Romanvictory overSamnites,Gauls andUmbrians atSentinum.

-280:PyrrhusdefeatsRomans atHeraclea.

-279:PyrrhusdefeatsRomans atAusculum.

-275:RomansdefeatPyrrhus atBeneventum

-264 to -241: 1st Punic War


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-312: ViaAppiastarted.

-270:II is KiSyracu

-310:Agathoclesof SyracuseinvadesAfrica.

-272:Pyrrhusdies inGreece.


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-240 -235 -230 -225 -220 -215 -210 -205 -200 -195 -190 -185 -180 -175 -170 -165 -160 -155 -150 -145 -140 -135 -130 -125 -120

ulus invades Africa -219 Siege and capture of Saguntum

in Africa -218 Hannibal crosses Alps; Battles of Ticinus and Trebbia

t at Drepana -217 Battle of Lake Trasimene

tarts Carthaginian offensive in Sicily -216 Battle of Cannae

-241 Naval victory off Aegates Insulae. Peace. -212 C. Marcellus conquers Syracuse

-211 Hannibal marches on Rome; fall of Capua.

-207 Battle of the Metaurus; Hasdrubal Barca killed

-206 Battle of Ilipa, Roman victory in Spain.

-202 Battle of Zama

-133: T.GracchuselectedTribune.

- 31 ) R E P U B L I C ( - 509 t o - 31 ) R E P U B L I C

-241: Sicilyconquered asconsequenceof 1st Punic

-242:Institution ofpraetorperegrinus.

-218 to -202: 2nd Punic War

-217:Dictatorshipof FabiusMaximus.

-190:RomansdefeatAntiochusIII atMagnesia

-197:Battle ofCynosce-phalae.

-168: Battleof Pydna;end ofMacedoniankingdom.

-146:Destructionof Carthageand Corinth.

-149 to -146:3rdPunic War

-133: ScipioAemilianus

destroysNumantia.

-231:SardiniaandCorsicaannexed.

-229:IllyrianWar.

-222: Flaminiusdefeats Gauls;Rome controls

-214 to -204: 1stMacedonian War

-200 to -196:2nd Macedo-nian War

-192 to -188:Roman-SyrianWar

-172 to -168:3rd Macedo-nian War

-150 to -148: 4thMacedo-nian War

-146:Macedoniabecomes aRomanprovince.

-132: T.Gracchusassassinated.

-123: C.GracchuselectedTribune.

-121:Graccassas


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War.

-212: Death ofArchimedesduring captureof Syracuse.

-183: Deathof Hannibalin Bithynia;Death ofScipioAfricanus.

-236:HamilcarBarcaestablishesCarthaginianpower inSpain.

-228:Death ofHamilcarBarca.

Cisalpine Gaul.

-220: ViaFlaminiabuilt.

-168:Polybius,capturedafter Battleof Pydna,deportedto Rome.


18/27

-110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 1 6 11 16

-107: 1stconsulateof G.Marius

t o - 31 )


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21 26 31


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-140 -139 -138 -137 -136 -135 -134 -133 -132 -131 -130 -129 -128 -127 -126 -125 -124 -123 -122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116

PERIODS

GOVERNMENT

OPTIMATES

POPULARES

DOMESTIC WARS

FOREIGN WARS

1ST SERVILE WAR

-132: T.Gracchusassassi-nated

-121: C.Gracchusassassi-nated


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EVENTS

PEOPLE

ENGINEERING

PROVINCES


24/27

-102 -101 -100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79

1ST MITHRIDATIC WAR 2ND MITHRIDATIC WAR

SOCIAL WAR

SULLA'S CIVIL WARS

S

ILE WAR

-79: Sullaresigns his

dictatorship.

-78: MAemiLepidJuniurebel


25/27

(JULIUS CAESAR 100-44BC)-87: Electedflamen dialis

-84: Mto CoCinna


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-62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39

G A L L I C W A R

-59: Clodiuslosespatricianstatus,becomestribune ofplebs.

-59: LexJulia derepetundis.

-59: Caesargrantedproconsularpower overCisalpineGaul andIllyricum.


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-62: Clodiusaffair. CaesardivorcesPompeia.

-61: Governorof HispaniaUlterior.

-59: Caesarconsul;marriesCalpurnia.Pompeymarries Julia.

-60: FirstTriumviratebegins.

-56: Lucretiuspublishes"De RerumNatura"

Timeline of Roman History 3.2

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