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Timber grading Graddio Pren/media/worktribe/output... · Timber grading Graddio Pren Dan Ridley-Ellis Centre for Wood Science and Technology Ganolfan ar gyfer Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg
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Timber grading
Graddio Pren
Dan Ridley-Ellis Centre for Wood Science and Technology
Ganolfan ar gyfer Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg Pren
“Tree Breeding and Forest Products - An update on current research”
“Bridio Coed a Chynnyrch Coedwigoedd – Y Diweddaraf am waith ymchwil cyfredol”
Garwnant, 9/5/2017
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 2
Structural engineering design
• About buildings – Staying safe
– Staying fit for use
• Dealing with uncertainty – Of material
– Of the actions on a structure
– Of analysis and construction
• True irrespective of the material (There is always some uncertainty)
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 3
Dealing with uncertainty
Probability of
infringement
Performance
ability/capacity
Performance
demand
e.g. Force e.g. Strength
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 4
Characteristic values
Mean
Lower 5th
percentile
Probability of
being lower = 5%
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 5
(Some) standards for grading
• EN 14081 strength graded structural timber
• EN 338 sizes and permitted variations
• EN 384, EN 408, EN 14358 testing & calculations
• Machine grading settings (“ITTs” or “AGRs”)
• Visual grading rules – e.g. BS 4978, IS 127, DIN 4074
• EN 1912 visual grading assignments
• Other assignments – Private & e.g. PD 6693
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 6
Grade-determining properties (definition of a strength class: EN 384 for EN 14081)
• Strength – Bending or tension strength
– Characteristic is the 5th percentile
• Stiffness – Bending or tension stiffness
– Characteristic is the mean
• Density – Used for indirect measure of strength / fire resistance
(this is not density for dead weight)
– Characteristic is the 5th percentile
Grading aims that
GDP requirements
are met
(subject to various
adjustments)
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 7
Declaration of performance usually via
Strength classes (or “grades”) e.g. EN 338:2016
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 8
TEST VIDEO? Based on testing
EN 408
EN 384
EN 14358
blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst 9/5/2017 9
Current methods in Europe
• Visual grading – Visually grade – then assign to strength class
• Strength grading is not about the EN 338 strength classes – they are just a convenience http://blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst/why-grading-isnt-about-the-grade/
• If you are not placing timber on the open market, it could well be better to do things differently http://blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst/beyond-grades/
• You cannot re-grade timber …including by visual grading (unless very special steps are taken) http://blogs.napier.ac.uk/cwst/regrading-of-timber/