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DIVINE MERCY COLLEGE FOUNDATION INC. Caloocan City Professional Education“THE NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM”

Presented by: M. EVANGELISTA

THE NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM

• Contributory Factors that gave Birth to Philippine Nationalism

• The Impact of Customs and Traditions,

and Religion on Nationalism

CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS THAT GAVE BIRTH TO PHILIPPINE

NATIONALISM

• The influx of Liberal Ideas from abroad

• The Spanish Revolution of 1868• The Opening of Suez Canal in 1869• The Martyrdom of Fathers Gomez,

Burgos and Zamora in 1872

THE INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS FROM ABROAD

• Philippines was opened by Spain to World Trade

• Liberal ideas , contained books and newspapers, were ideologies of the American and French Revolutions and the thoughts of different philosophers such as:1. MONTESQUIEU2. ROUSSEAU3. VOLTAIRE4. LOCKE5. JEFFERSON, and other political philosophers.

MONTESQUIEU• Was a French social

commentator and political thinker who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. 

• Born:  January 18, 1689

• Place of Birth: La Brède, France

• Died: February 10, 1755

• Spouse: Jane de Lartigue 

ROUSSEAU• Jean-Jacques

Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution 

• Born: June 28, 1712,• Place of

Birth: Geneva, Switzerland

• Died: July 2, 1778, • Partner: Thérèse

Levasseur

VOLTAIRE• François-Marie

Arouet, known by his name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher

• Born: November 21, 1694, Paris, France

• Died: May 30, 1778, 

LOCKE• John Locke is widely

known as the Father of Classical Liberalism.

•  was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment  thinkers.

• Born: August 29, 1632,

• Place of Birth: Wrington, United Kingdom

• Died: October 28, 1704, 

JEFFERSON• Thomas Jefferson

was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States. 

• Born: April 13, 1743• Place of Birth:

 Virginia, United States

• Died: July 4, 1826• Presidential

Term: March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809

THE SPANISH REVOLUTION OF 1868

• The triumph of liberalism in Spain against the autocratic rule of Isabela II (1833-1869) resounded across the seas to the shores of her overseas colonies.

• The Filipinos came to enjoy for the first time the sweet taste of a liberal regime including the ff:1. Freedom of Speech2. Freedom of the Press3. Freedom of

Assembly and other Human Rights

THE SUEZ CANAL AND THE FILIPINOS

• The opening of Suez Canal to world shipping in 1869 stimulated Philippine progress.

• This canal is 103 miles long, and connects the Mediterranean with the Gulf of Suez and hence with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.

THE MARTYRDOM OF GOMBURZA

• The Filipino people deeply resented the execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora.

• They were acclaimed as the executed priests as true martyrs of their fatherland.

• The execution of GOMBURZA speed up the growth of Philippine Nationalism, which ultimately brought about Spain’s downfall.

THE IMPACT OF CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS AND RELIGION ON

NATIONALISM

• According to Renato Constantino, the principal exponent of nationalism holds the view that the Philippines did not sufficiently developed pre-colonial civilization because of scattered and fragmented Filipino communities.

• National Literature, art, music and all other forms of culture must therefore find their source and inspiration on the people’s activities and dedicate their achievements to the people.

FILIPINO CHARACTER TRAITS AND CULTURE THAT

AFFECTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF

NATIONALISM

PROPENSITY FOR GAMBLING• Like all people on

earth, Filipinos have bad and good character traits.

• Most scandalous of their character defects is their propensity for gambling.

• They would bet for almost anything

• Their favorite forms of gambling are cockfighting, horse races, jueteng, black jack, poker, mahjong and etc.

INVETERATELY EXTRAVAGANT

• They love colorful fiestas, expensive clothes and jewelry and gay parties.

• No day ever passes in the Philippines without a costly fiesta, for every barangay, town and city the archipelago has a patron saint, whose annual feast day is celebrated with great extravaganzas.

FATALISTIC IN THEIR OUTLOOK

IN LIFE• They tend to believe that

whatever happens, good or bad, is due to fate (tadhana).

• So they accept with uncomplaining resignation what ever happens to them, and face the future with the expression: “BAHALA NA,” the equivalent of the Spanish “QUE SERA, SERA” (What will be, will be).

LACK OF DISCIPLINE AND PERSEVERANCE

• A character trait caused perhaps by their tropical environment.

• They seem to have stamina for long difficult task.

• Normally they begin their work with great enthusiasm, but like a cogon fire which burns brightly for a brief time an then soon disappears.

HOSPITABLE

• Most admirable of the character traits of the Filipinos is their proverbial hospitality.

• They receive all foreigners, including their former foes in wars, in their country and home with warm hospitality and friendship

CLOSE FAMILY TIES AND EXTENDED FAMILY

STRUCTURES• Apart from being

loyal to their blood relatives. Filipinos adapt new kins (kumpadre and kumare) through having male and female sponsors (ninong and ninang) during baptisms and weddings

GRATITUDE (UTANG NA LOOB)

• Is another excellent trait of the Filipino

• They are grateful to those who have given them favors or who are good to them.

• Their high sense of gratitude is expressed in the phrase “UTANG NA LOOB” or (debt of honor).

COOPERATIVENESS

• They value the virtue of helping each other and other people.

• They cherish ancestral trait of bayanihan (cooperation) , which can mean helping a rural family move their small hut to another place.

BRAVERY• Filipino rank among

the bravest people on earth. They bravely resisted the Spanish, American, and Japanese invaders of their native land.

• To them, courage is a badge of manhood, and it has been shown on Filipino soldiers service during battles and wars.

• Another example is the courage to stand up for people power revolution

PASSIONATELY ROMANTIC AND ARTISTIC

• Owing to the effect of their beautiful country, Filipinos are passionately romantic and artistic.

• They are dedicated and in love as they are fierce in battle.

• They are also born musicians, singers, artist and poets.

INTELLIGENT

• According to David P. Barrows an American educator, Filipinos have quick perception, retentive memory, aptitude and extraordinary docility making them most teachable person.

ADAPTABILITY, ENDURANCE AND RESILIENCY

• Throughout the ages, they have been lashed by all kinds of sufferings like: invasions, revolts, was, earthquakes, typhoons , volcanic eruptions and epidemics.

• Against the winds of adversities which regularly visits their land, they simply bend, but never break, for they have durability of the narra tree and resiliency of the bamboo.

DEEP SPIRITUAL YEARNING AND GIFT OF FAITH

• According to Jesuit historian Horacio de la Costa, “God gave the Filipinos 2 gifts: “THE GIFT OF FAITH, and THE GIFT OF MUSIC”

• Filipinos tend to take their spiritual obligations with utmost devotion and faithfulness—whatever their religion may be.

RACIAL AND CULTURE DIVERSITIES

• The Philippines is strategically located to be populated by many races and to be open to different cultures from East and West.

• Filipinos are a virtual blend of many races. That is why Filipinos displayed a remarkable adaptability resulting in a many sided culture heritage.

FILIPINO NATIONALISM and its BARRIERS

• The emergence of Filipino nationalism came as the end of a long process set in motion by Spanish misrule and exploitation, hastened by the political and economic developments in the Philippines and Europe.

• The insular mountainous character of the Philippine geography limited social contact and communication. The dismal state of transportation and communication facilities rendered these as natural barriers to develop our nationalism and limits our national consciousness.

QUEST FOR NATIONALISM• The Filipino quest for

independence continued until 1935 when the United States promised to withdraw on a definite date.

• During this period, Filipino efforts were largely channeled into a constitutional struggle, but note should be taken of the militant spirit which tried to kindle the nationalist movement into armed revolt.

RIZAL’S VISION

• As gospels of Philippine nationalism, Rizal's novels convey the essence of his nationalism that was to resound in the hearts of the people.

• He identified this essence in his letters as his aspiration to alleviate the sufferings of the masses, to make men worthy, to avenge one day the many victims of cruelty and injustice, to erect a monument to the native tongue and to educate his people.

• In the two novels, the essence of Rizal's nationalism is best understood through the keen study of the characters. Through their dialogue and actions, in their ideas and ideals, or in the lack of these are seen Rizal's range of vision, his concept of love of country, his appeal for reforms, his attitude towards the friars, and his views on the weaknesses of the Filipinos.

ECONOMIC and CONSTITUTIONAL NATIONALISM

OF THE FILIPINOS

• In the context of constitutional reform, the development of the country necessitates a more positive definition of economic nationalism.

• It is evident that our economic policy has longed emphasized economic nationalism. Based on our laws, our strand of economic nationalism emphasizes the fear of exploitation by foreigners. In fact, from the time of Quezon until present we have adopted a system of laws, starting with our Constitution, reserving to the state the role of providing cover and protection for the Filipino, defining his exclusive rights over others.

TEN ECONOMIC COMMANDMENTS BY

CHRISTIAN ALCANTARA

1. THOUGH SHALL NOT SABOTAGE THINE OWN PRODUCTS2. ENJOY WHAT YOU ARE AND WHAT YOU HAVE , NO MATTER

HOW HUMBLE MAY BE3. CULTIVATE THE FEELING OF BELONGINGNESS TO YOUR

COUNTRY.4. LOVE YOUR COUNTRY IN THOUGHTS, WORDS AND

ACTIONS.5. SACRIFICE EVEN LIFE ITSELF FOR YOUR BELOVED

FATHERLAND AT DEATH PREFERABLE TO ECONOMIC SLAVERY.

6. CONCENTRATE ON INDUSTRIALIZATION FOR PROGRESS.7. LEARN FROM PAST MISTAKE.8. DEPEND ON YOURSELF FOR YOUR OWN ECONOMIC

SALVATION.9. ASSERT YOUR ECONOMIC FREEDOM TO GAIN ECONOMIC

LIBERTY.10.CORE YOUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM TO NATIONALISM.

RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM• The Spanish Friars

were the crucial elements in the Westernizing the Philippine Archipelago, and in spreading the Christian faith in this part of the world.

• The apostolic zeal of the missionaries followed up the efforts of men like Miguel López de Legazpi, and aided to consolidate the enterprise of hispanizing the Philippines

REFERENCES

• “Foundations of Education” by: Francisco M. Zulueta and Elda Maglaya

• www.Wikipedia.com

• Images at www.google.com

• “History of The Philippines” @ http:philhistory.com

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