TI Wireless Charging Total Solution using the Qi-Standard

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TI Wireless Charging –Total Solution using the Qi-Standard

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The Power of Qi

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Wireless Power Consortium (WPC)Proprietary Solutions Interoperability key to adoption

Industry wide standard for delivering wireless power up to 5W

Aimed to enable interoperability between various charging pads and portable devices

Standard continues to gain traction with increasing list of members (140)

Compatible devices will be marked with a Qi logo

Broad Industry SupportWPC

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and more…

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Your Qi phone can charge everywhere

– no empty battery

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Nokia Lumia 920

Cool Phones Equipped with Qi

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Droid DNA, HTC

Google Nexus 4

HTC 8X

LG

Spectrum 2

TI solution resides in 70% of the

Qi-phones in the WW market

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Exponential Growth of Certified Qi-products

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Technologies in Wireless Power

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Technologies Involved in Wireless Power

• Inductive Coupling:

– Coil (transmitter) to Coil (receiver) transfer of power through a magnetic field

• Magnetic Resonance:

– Magnetic resonance is another embodiment of inductive coupling, with

transmitter and receiver coils.

– Needs antennas (or resonators) to shape the magnetic field to travel greater

distances

– Increases spatial freedom, adds costs and complexity, decreases efficiency

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Inductive Power System Overview

• Power transmitted through shared magnetic field– Transmit coil creates magnetic field

– Receive coil in proximity converts field into voltage

– Shielding material on each side directs field

• Power transferred only when needed– Transmitter waits until its field has been perturbed

– Transmitter sends seek energy and waits for a digital response

– If response is valid, power transfer begins

• Power transferred only at level needed– Receiver constantly monitors power received and delivered

– Transmitter adjusts power sent based on receiver feedback

– If feedback is lost, power transfer stops

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dB/dt

Iz < D

D

TX Coil

RX Coil

AC to DCVoltage

Conditioning

Communication

and Control

RectificationDrivers

Load

or

Battery

ControllerV/I

Sense

Power

TX, Transmitter RX, Receiver

Communication

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System Efficiency Dependencies

• Coupling between coils– Distance (z) between coils

– Ratio of diameters (D2 / D) of the two coils

– Physical orientation

• Quality factor– Ratio of inductance to resistance

– Geometric mean of two Q factors

• Uncoupled field has no losses

• Near field allows TX to “see” RX

40% at 1 diameter

1% at 2.5 diameter

0.1% at 4 diameters

0.01% at 6 diameters

Optimal operating distance

Efficiency is Optimal when Coils are Less than One Diameter apart

Higher

efficiency

Lower

efficiency

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Communication - Basics

• Primary side controller must detect that an object is placed on the charging pad.

– When a load is placed on the pad, the primary coil effective impedance changes.

– “Analog ping” occurs to detect the device.

• After an object is detected, must validate that it is WPC-compatible receiver device.

– “Digital Ping” – transmitter sends a longer packet which powers up the RX side controller.

– RX side controller responds with signal strength indicator packet.

– TX controller will send multiple digital pings corresponding to each possible primary coil to identify best positioning of the RX device.

• After object is detected and validated, Power Transfer phase begins.

– RX will send Control Error Packets to increase or decrease power level

VOUT, IOUT

Load current is sensed on primary

side – demodulated to get signaling

data.

Control processor on RX side will

apply load pulses for signaling

back to TX.

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Switching Frequency Variation

• System operates near

resonance for improved

efficiency.

• Power control by changing

the frequency, moving along

the resonance curve.

• Modulation using the power

transfer coils establishes the

communications.

• Feedback is transferred to

the primary as error. 80 KHz 100 KHz 120 KHz

Operating Point

WPC operation frequency range : 110-205kHz

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Wireless Power Consortium - WPC

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WPC Member Ecosystem

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WPC - Wireless Power Consortium

• History

– http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/

– The Wireless Power Consortium held its first meeting

on December 18, 2008, in Hong Kong.

– The Wireless Power Consortium published the Qi

low power specification in August 2009, 18 months

after the first meeting. The first product was certified

in September 2009.

• Today

– WPC defines low power applications (<5W) as of today. The Consortium is working

towards a specification for 15W Low Power. First draft will be available in 3Q13

– 138 members (Feb 2013)

– >160 certificated products (Feb 2013)

– WPC1.1 announced in Mar 30th, 2012, Labs started WPC1.1 certification from Dec 2012.

• QI Certification

– WPC Spec. Part 1 Specification is open for public download.

– Part 2 & 3 (Performance & Compliance) only limited to member access.

– To get QI certification, MUST be WPC members.

– 8 Independent test labs, including TUV Taiwan and TUV Korea offer the service.

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Certification for mass market:

• Compatibility is verified by independent test labs

– To make sure that all Qi products work together

• Current Qi test labs

– CETECOM in Germany

– DLS Electronic Systems in the USA

– Intertek in Hong Kong

– NTS in the USA

– SGS in Korea

– TÜV Rheinland in Korea

– TÜV Rheinland Taiwan

– UL in Japan

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Free Positioning

(Moving Coil)

WPC TX Design Freedom

18 March 2013 17

Free Positioning (Coil Array)

Guided Positioning(Magnetic Attraction)

M

x

y

Free Positioning (Coil Array)

A

• Guided Positioning

– Easy Design, Low cost

– Option with or without Magnet

– bq500210 (A1/A10*), bq500211 (A5, A11*)

• Moving Coil

– Sensor Array and Motor required, higher cost and complex design

• Coil Array

– Coil cost and 3-layer coil result high DCR

– RFP is a better solution, BQ500410 (A6)

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WPC TX Option - Single Bay

Moving Coil Coil Array

M

Magnetic

Attraction

RFP

A1/A5, A10/A11 A6 A2 B1

Charging

Area

18x18 – Initial

32x32 - Max

70x20 - Initial

80x35 - Max-- 36x34

Coil # 1 3 1 7

Vin 19V/5V 12V 3-12V 12V

Eff >75% >70% ? <65%

TI Device BQ500210/211 BQ500410 N/A N/A

Comparison

• A1/A5, Simple design. Can be extend to A10/A11 TX design

• A6 (RFP), Maximum charging Area, (5V input can be done by additional boost converter)

• A2, Require sensor array and 2 motor for moving coil, not fit to automotive application, complicated design

• B1, small coil and thin wire cause high coil DCR, require a lot of MOSFET for coil multiplexor, complicated design

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TI bqTESLA™ Solutions

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bqTESLATM EVM kit

bqTesla150LP

Gen1 TX+ Gen2 RX (BQ51013B)

Gen2 RX 2.5W designPCB 15x5x1.5mm3

BOM count 20

80% Area reduction vs Gen1 !!

Gen2 TX 19V (BQ500210)

TI bqTesla EVMs are all WPC certificated !! WPC website

Gen2 TX 5V (BQ500211A)

Gen2 TX 12V RFP

(BQ500410A)

bqTesla™ System Efficiency Breakdown

• Efficiency is RX Coil design dependent

• Measured from BQ500210 TX DC input to BQ51013 RX 5V output

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bqTESLA™ RX

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Gen2 RX, bq51k Family

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Device WPC Output Description

bq51013B 1.1 5V/1A RX, 5W Power Supply

bq51050B/51B 1.1 4.2V/4.35V RX + Battery Charger

(Same size as bq51013B)

bq51050B

RX + charger

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Typical Application Circuit – bq51013B

charger

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Typical Application Circuit – bq51050B

Li-Ion

Battery

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• 集成充电器的单级接收器

– 支持 WPC v1.1“Qi”标准

– 微型 1.9 毫米 x 3 毫米 WCSP 封装

– 无需其它电感器

– 节省达 60% 的板级空间

• 更快更高效的充电

– 90% 的峰值充电效率

– 20V 的容差、过压及过流保护

• 无线充电应用

– 智能手机、耳机

– 计算机外设、键盘、鼠标

bq51050B：首款具有电池充电器的单级无线电源接收器

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直接充电可为设计人员提供更多选项，节省板级空间

板级空间节省 60%！

新品！

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接收器效率：直接充电器（单级）与双级方法比较

蓝色曲线：bq51050B

红色曲线：bq51013 恒压 RX + bq24168 开关模式充电器

4.2V 下的锂离子电池充电

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bqTESLATM TX

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TX, bq500k Family

Device Gen Vin TPGY WPC WPC TX/Description WPC ES/RTP

bq500210 Gen2 19V HB A1/A10 Integration and cost down 1.0 Released

bq500211A Gen2 5V FB A5/A11 Support DPLTM 1.1 Released

bq500410A Gen2 12V HB x3 A6 Maximum Freedom Area 1.1 Released

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5V Applications

• 5V input is good for using existing 5V adaptor

• DPL (Dynamic Power Limit) allow user to connect 5V source from USB port (2.5W) instead of 7.5W adaptor as

WPC specification expected.

• Cost down on Buck converter from 19V to 3.3V, but power train (MOSFET Driver+ dual FET) cost is double

Summary - WPS

bq500K WPS TX Family

bq51K WPS RX Family

WPC Website http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/

TI bqTesla http://www.ti.com/bqTesla

TI offer WPC certificated EVM and reference design to speed up

to design, please contact TI sales for detail

Contact TI for recommended ODM and qualified critical

component vendors

Asia Contact : Silvan Ho, [email protected]

China Contact: Simon Wen, [email protected]

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Don’t worry about your battery

Nokia Lumia 920

TI Leads the Way in Wireless Power Innovation

• TI joined all three major standard

groups: WPC, PMA, and A4WP

• TI’s world’s first– Qi-compliant system in 2010

– Smallest Qi receiver in 2011

– WPC1.1 compliant TX and RX

– Integrated receiver with Li-ion battery

charger in 2012

• 70% of Qi-enabled devices use TI

technology

Most matureTI dominant

TI keeps close trackof A4WP development

TI set to support

Multi-protocol

(begin with PMA + Qi)

TI provides full solution of both TX/RX

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Questions …….