Thursday, February 2nd Quick write: 1.Take the article from desk 2.Read the article 3.Questions: – What is Fission? – What is fusion? – Who is Lise Meitner? Homework: • Complete the accompanying Review sheet SWBAT: • Identify fusion and fission • Label Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion • article reading and discussion
Thursday, February 2nd. Quick write: Take the article from desk Read the article Questions: What is Fission? What is fusion? Who is Lise Meitner? Homework: Complete the accompanying Review sheet . SWBAT: Identify fusion and fission Label Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Thursday, February 2ndQuick write:1. Take the article from desk2. Read the article3. Questions:
– What is Fission?– What is fusion?– Who is Lise Meitner?
Homework:• Complete the accompanying Review
sheet
SWBAT:• Identify fusion and fission• Label Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion• article reading and discussion
Nuclear Atoms• Fission: binary fission/splitting/biology term : ) – The splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller
nuclei having almost the same mass, the missing mass is in the form of energy
• Fusion: to bring together– The joining of two low mass nuclei to form a single
larger nucleus to produce helium and energy
Nuclear Fission– How?• The bombardment of a neutron or nuclear “bullet” to
Uranium-235• Forming Barium-141 nucleus and Krypton-92 nucleus• With the release of 2 or 3 neutrons
– Energy released from Uranium-235 is not great– The neutrons cause the most damage by splitting more uranium nuclei– Known as:
» Nuclear chain reaction:• A continuous series of fission occurrences• Continues until there is no more Uranium-235
– Atomic Bomb• An uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction
Nuclear fission – splitting the atom.
J Deutsch 2003 4
235U + 1n 90Sr + 143Xe + 31n
More neutrons are released to keep the reaction going.
Nuclear Fusion
– How?• Temperatures must reach over a million degrees Celsius• This forms plasma!• Its products form a mass of 1% less than its reactants• The loss of mass is converted to a tremendous amount
of energy• Hydrogen Bomb is result to nuclear fusion.• Fusion requires nuclear fission to stimulate the reaction
artificially• The sun’s energy is powered by fusion
Nuclear fusion – joining small atoms.
6
2H + 3H 4He + 1n
Hydrogen atoms combine to form helium in a star.
Friday, February 3rdQuick write:1. Take sheet from desk and article2. Read directions to the
assignment
Homework:• Read your article• Work on your article summary
outline due Wednesday• Article summary and response
due Monday, February 13th, it must be typed!
SWBAT:• Compare fusion and fission• Label Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion• Side effects to radiation• article reading and discussion
Nuclear Fusion– Benefits of fusion:
1. Energy is greater2. Produces less radioactive wastes3. Fuels are more plentiful
– Disadvantages:1. Very difficult to begin, control and maintain2. Temperature requirements are extremely too hot to
manage3. Thermonuclear: reaction that requires a lot of heat
Monday, February 6thQuick write:1. Read the article2. What is the function of the magnetic
field?3. How is the plasma created?4. What is the tokamak?Fusion energy: The tokamakHomework:• Web Quest due Friday• Read your article• Work on your article summary outline due
Wednesday• Article summary and response due Monday,
February 13th, it must be typed!
SWBAT:• Compare fusion and fission• Label Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion• different forms of ionization management• article reading and discussion
http://kentshillphysics.net/nuc5.htmAnswer the following:1. Describe what is a chain reaction.2. What is the role of a control rod?3. Explain a typical fission reaction and write out an equation for
the reaction.4. What can fission be used for in your life?5. Explain a typical fusion reaction and write out an equation for
the reaction.6. Sketch and label each segment of a nuclear power plant
4. Bubble Chamber– 1952: Donald A. Glaser created this vessel– 1960: He received a Nobel Prize for his inventionHow it works!• A large chamber uses a superheated transparent liquid
(often liquid hydrogen is used) to react with charged particles to detect radiation.
Wednesday, February 8thQuick write:1. Take a sheet from the desk 2. Read the article and answer the
following:1. What is the reading about?2. How is it related to science and
history?3. How do you feel about the reading?
Homework:• Web Quest due Friday• Test Moved to Next Wednesday!• Article summary and response due
Monday, February 13th, it must be typed!
SWBAT:• Place the parts of each nuclear equation in order.• Describe each segment of an nuclear power plant.• Identify each segment of a nuclear power plant.
Wednesday, February 8thQuick write:1. Take a sheet from the desk 2. Read the article and answer the
following:1. What is the reading about?2. How is it related to science and
history?3. How do you feel about the reading?
Homework:• Web Quest due Friday• Test Friday!• Article summary and response due
Monday, February 13th, it must be typed!
SWBAT:• Place the parts of each nuclear equation in order.• Describe each segment of an nuclear power plant.• Identify each segment of a nuclear power plant.
• It is a controlled system that holds sustainable nuclear chain reactions.
Usages:• generating electricity• moving aircraft carriers and submarines• producing medical isotopes for imaging and
cancer treatment• research
What is a Nuclear Reactor?
What are the parts of a Nuclear Reactor?
1. Control rods:– Extra neutrons are absorbed and/or soaked up – When the rods are lowered: slows down the process– When the rods are raised: speeds up the process
2. Core:– Contains the nuclear fuel in the rods, using U-235, this is the site of nuclear
fission3. Concrete Casing:
– Acts as a barrier to protect workers from the radiation produced4. Moderator:
– Enables the neutrons to slow down to a speed where nuclear fission can take place in the nucleus.
5. Generator:– Site where the heated up water spins the generator to produce a source of
electricity to power your house!
What takes place after the Fuel is used?
1. The fuel now has nuclear waste.2. The U-235 has transformed into a series of isotopes of
almost every transition metal on the periodic table!3. The fuel originally contained U-235, oxygen and steel.4. It remains for thousands of years! Yikes!5. Where? It is stored under water until the radiation
decays to a level that can be maintained.6. Now what? It is contained in concrete storage casks
either deep under the Earth or used in recycling.
Thursday, February 9thQuick write:1. Complete the following equations:
_____+ 1 neutron >> _______+ Kr-92 + Ba-142 + _________ + 3H ----> _____ + n + energy
2. Label which one is fusion and which equation is fission.3. Which reaction powers the sun?4. Which reaction causes radioactive waste?Homework:• Web Quest due Friday• Test Next Wednesday• look online for test topics!• Article summary and response due Monday, February 13th!
SWBAT:• Identify different equations of nuclear reactions• Describe each segment of a nuclear power plant.• Identify the topics for the test.
• Is a process of absorption of radiation as it penetrates through material
• Changes the electrical balance of an atom• Causes ions in the material and partial or all
amounts of radiation to be lost.• Two types of ions:– Cation– Anions
What is the Theory of Relativity?
• Mass and energy can be converted into each other.
• This supports the Theory of Conservation of Energy:– If matter is destroyed then energy is created! – If energy is destroyed than matter is created!
• Therefore, the total amount of energy and mass is still conserved!
• This supports the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be created nor destroyed by ordinary means.
Friday, February 10thQuick write:1. Take a lab2. Define Radiation, Convection and Conduction.
Homework:• Test Next Wednesday• look online for test topics!• Article summary and response due Monday, February 13th!
SWBAT:• Describe Radiation, Conduction and Convection.• Observe radiation, conduction and convection.
Monday, February 13thQuick write:1. Complete the Practice Test Question Worksheet.2. Take out your typed article
Homework:• Test Wednesday• look online for test topics!
SWBAT:• Observation of radiation, conduction and convection.
Tuesday, February 14thQuick write:1. Use the image to the
right and answer the following:
1. Write down 3 ways you can identify a Nuclear Fusion Reaction.
2. Write down 3 ways you can identify Nuclear Fission Reaction.
SWBAT:• Complete lab on Observation of radiation, conduction and convection.• Identify the parts of the nuclear reactions.
239 Pu + n---> 233 U + 3n+ 4 He + Energy1. One Large nucleus forms two smaller nuclei2. Neutron and one atom found as a reactant 3. U or Pu as a reactant
2 H + 3 H---> 4 He + 1n + Energy1. Two smaller nuclei combining to form One larger nucleus2. Two Hydrogen atoms as reactants3. One large Helium atom as a product
Homework:• Test Wednesday!• look online for test topics!• Only the 3 lab stations and Lab question Packet due Friday!
• The following slides were not covered
Other uses of radioactive isotopes
• Radioactive Dating:–Geological dating: U-238 occurs naturally in
rocks, used to age mountains• Dating Live Matter:–Organisms that were once alive, Carbon-14 is
used to date wood, bone, animal skin or fabric.• Irradiated food – gamma rays kill bacteria, yeast and mold for
storage for longer timeJ Deutsch 2003 36
Other uses of radioactive isotopes
• Radioactive tracers–Carbon-14 is used to follow a chemical
reaction to trace for a tumor.• Medical isotopes– Technetium-99: pinpointing brain tumors– Iondine-131: diagnosis and treatment of
thyroid disorders–Radium and Cobalt-60: treatment in cancer
Risks in Radioactivity• Biological Damage:– Damage and destroy cells forming burns, cataracts,, cancer
• Long term Storage– Unknown future outcome!
• Accidents:– Fuel and wastes escape from nuclear reactors– 1986: Chernobyl in Ukraine was destroyed by an uncontrolled
chain reaction, winds spread wastes all throughout Europe– March 2011: Fukashima, Japan, nuclear reactor meltdown and
nuclear wastes lost following the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami