Thrust 2: Sustainability Assessment of the New PV Technology and Production Jiquan Chen, Defne Apul, Carol A. Stepien Jenny Collier, Undergraduate Student (Civil Engineering) Angela Fan, Ph. D Student (Environmental Sciences) Xizheng Ma, Undergraduate Student (College of Business) Robert Phillips, Undergraduate Student (Civil Engineering) 1 5/15/2013
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Thrust 2: Sustainability Assessment of the New PV Technology and Production
Jiquan Chen, Defne Apul, Carol A. Stepien Jenny Collier, Undergraduate Student (Civil Engineering)
Angela Fan, Ph. D Student (Environmental Sciences) Xizheng Ma, Undergraduate Student (College of Business)
Robert Phillips, Undergraduate Student (Civil Engineering)
1 5/15/2013
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2 5/15/2013
CURRENT THRUST II FOCUS
3 5/15/2013
LCSA
phases:
1. Raw
material
acquisition
2.
Material
synthesis
3. Module
manufacturing
4. Balance of
System (BOS)
manufacturing
5.
Installation
and Use
6. End of life
management
Paramete
rs related
to:
Raw
material
type
Chemical
reaction
approach
(e.g.,
inverse
micellar
vs.
thermal
injection)
Solvent
type
Thin-film
deposition
method
Type of material
used
Material
thickness
Device
efficiency
Required
module
interconnections
, support
structure,
inverters and
transformers,
concrete
System
lifetimes,
maintenance
requirements
Disassembly,
material
recovery
processes,
materials sent
to landfills
Possible Parameters Related to Each Life
Cycle Sustainable Assessment Phase
4 5/15/2013
CURRENT PROCEDURE
5
Environmental Sustainability Metrics
Mineral Resources
Location Production Reserves
Mineral Cost
Consumption Price Volatility Domestic Import
Material Acquisition Cell Components Manufacturing Process
5/15/2013
FOCUS HIERARCHY Proposed Compounds
• Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide
(CZTS)
• Zinc Phosphide
• Copper (II) Sulfide
• Iron Sulfide
• Copper (II) Oxide
• Copper (I) Oxide
• Nickel Sulfide
• Amorphous Silicon
6
Raw Material • Copper • Zinc • Tin • Sulfur • Selenium • Phosphorous • Iron • Nickel • Silicon
DE
SC
EN
DIN
G I
MP
OR
TA
NC
E
5/15/2013
DOMESTIC ANALYSIS
7 5/15/2013
2012 Production Statistics
8
410
748
1,150
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Th
ou
san
d T
on
nes
(M
etri
c)
Silicon
Zinc
Copper
8,800
29,200
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
Sulfur
Phosphate
Rock
5/15/2013
Import Statistics
• Copper
• Zinc
• Tin
• Sulfur
• Selenium
• Phosphorous
• Iron
• Nickel
• Silicon
9
77
69
44
43
30
17
15
10
7
0 20 40 60 80 100
Zinc
Tin
Silicon (ferrosilicon)
Nickel
Copper
Sulfur
Phosphate Rock
Iron and Steel Slag
Iron and Steel
Percent Import
2010 U.S. NET IMPORT RELIANCE FOR
SELECTED NONFUEL MINERAL
MATERIALS
5/15/2013
Material Costs
10
Average 2012 U.S. Prices for Materials of Interest
Selenium $127.60 per kg
Tin $27.94 per kg
Nickel $17.58 per kg
Copper $8.14 per kg
Silicon $2.86 per kg
Zinc $2.05 per kg
Sulfur $0.22 per kg
Phosphate Rock $0.11 per kg
5/15/2013
Active Mining Operation Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS)
11 Robert Phillips
5/15/2013
Active Mining Operations Zinc Phosphate Zn3P2
12 5/15/2013
Active Mining Operations Copper Sulfide Cu2S
13 5/15/2013
Active Mining Operations Iron Sulfide (FeS2)
14 Robert Phillips
5/15/2013
Active Mining Operations Copper (I/II) Oxide (CuxO)
15 Robert Phillips
5/15/2013
Active Mining Operations Nickel Sulfide (NiS)
16 Robert Phillips
5/15/2013
Active Mining Operations amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
17 5/15/2013
United States Geologic Survey
18
Id Commodity Compound Site_name Company_na State_loca County Latitude Longitude
575 Copper CZTS, Cu2S, Cu2O, CuO
Copper Queen Branch Mine
Phelps Dodge Corp Arizona Cochise 31.429 -109.892
576 Copper CZTS, Cu2S, Cu2O, CuO
Johnson Camp Mine Nord Resources Corp Arizona Cochise 32.1 -110.062