Three different types of rocks: Igneous Sedimentary ... · The Rock Cycle (cont‟d) • Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock solidifies. * This magma can be derived from the

♫ Rock On! ♫ Three different types of rocks:

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Igneous

• From the Latin meaning “fiery”

• Forms from the cooling and solidifying of molten rock or magma

• Exists everywhere below a depth of 70km

Igneous (cont‟d)

• Two types: Extrusive & Intrusive

• 1. Extrusive, volcanic (i.e. lava) – basalt,

pumice

– Ex. Basalt, pumice

Igneous (conclusion) • 2. Intrusive, plutonic (i.e. granite)

– Cooled slowly in higher temp areas

– Coarser grains, larger crystals

Sedimentary

• Means sinking or settling down

• Two types:

– 1. clastic

– 2. neo-clastic

Sedimentary (cont‟d) • Clastic – formed by a breakup of igneous rocks

• inorganic material: gravel, sand, silt, clay

• Water sorts particles in order of size

• Ex. Sandstone, shale

Sedimentary (conclusion)

• Neo-clastic

a) Chemical precipitates: remains of marine organisms

(limestone)

b) Organic: remains of plants and animals (coal)

Metamorphic

• Metamorphosis means „change‟, in this case a change in

the form or type of rock!

• Originally igneous or sedimentary, but changed by great:

heat, pressure or chemical activity

– Intense heat released from molten rock that has

intruded into sedimentary or igneous rock

– Immense pressures by tectonic forces

• Two types:

• Foliated (slate)

• Non-foliated (marble)

Metamorphic • Granite becomes gneiss!

• Sandstone becomes quartzite!

• Limestone becomes marble!

The Rock Cycle: the ultimate in recycling!

The Rock Cycle (cont‟d) • Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock solidifies.

* This magma can be derived from the melting of sedimentary, metamorphic, or pre-existing igneous rock.

• Sedimentary rocks are produced from the hardening of sediment.

* Sediments can be the accumulations of particles of rock and individual minerals that result from the breakdown and erosion of igneous, metamorphic or pre-existing sedimentary rocks.

• Metamorphic rocks are produced when igneous, sedimentary, or pre-existing metamorphic rocks are subjected to heat (and sometimes pressure) that is sufficient to significantly change the mineral makeup and stucture of the rock without melting it.

• So really, the rock cycle demonstrates quite clearly the notion that our Earth is the ultimate „blue box‟ – if our Earth can do it, we can too!

Source:The Rock Cycle (n.d.). In Ontario Geoscience Research Network (OGRe). Retrieved March 1, 2015, from Google.

[http://www.ontariogeoscience.net/keyconceptitems/rockcycle.html]

Image Sources:

• Slide 1: http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/minbis/azurite/6azurite4635.JPG

• Slide 3: http://www.trincoll.edu/~cgeiss/courses/mamo/rock%20images/vesicular%20basalt.jpg (left)

• Slide 3 : http://www.essentialsyou.com/images/2012/05/pumice-stone.jpg (right)

• Slide 5: http://artundefnethehistoryofrocks.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/9/5/30956259/414855063_orig.png?461

• Slide 6: http://www.geology4today.com/uploads/1/8/1/6/18166011/3052671_orig.jpg?1386558112 (left)

• Slide 6: http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/Archives/ED101fa08/deb24/Shale.jpg (right)

• Slide 7: http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/limestone-chalk-380.jpg (left)

• Slide 7: http://www.caer.uky.edu/kyasheducation/images/ccbs/Bituminous600.jpg (right)

• Slide 8: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~shihpinc/img/gneiss.jpg (left)

• Slide 8: http://www.geology.sfasu.edu/rocks/quartzite01.jpg (middle)

• Slide 8: http://www.rocksforkids.com/images/Marble%20Madoc01.jpg (above right)

• Slide 11: http://www.ontariogeoscience.net/keyconceptitems/rockcycle.html