Three Colonial Regions

Three Colonial RegionsThree Colonial Regions

The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies

MassachusettsMassachusetts Rhode IslandRhode Island New New

HampshireHampshire ConnecticutConnecticut

The Middles ColoniesThe Middles Colonies

New YorkNew York New JerseyNew Jersey PennsylvaniaPennsylvania DelawareDelaware

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies MarylandMaryland VirginiaVirginia South CarolinaSouth Carolina North CarolinaNorth Carolina GeorgiaGeorgia

GovernmentGovernment Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony (Maryland, (Maryland,

Pennsylvania, and Delaware)Pennsylvania, and Delaware)– Land Granted by British King to ProprietorsLand Granted by British King to Proprietors– ChartersCharters

Charter ColonyCharter Colony (Massachusetts, Rhode (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut)Island, Connecticut)– Joint Stock CompaniesJoint Stock Companies– Colonial AssembliesColonial Assemblies

Royal ColonyRoyal Colony (Virginia, North Carolina, (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New South Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Georgia)Jersey, and Georgia)– Directly Controlled by KingDirectly Controlled by King– Appointed GovernorsAppointed Governors

EconomyEconomy New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

– CommerceCommerce– Ship BuildingShip Building– AgricultureAgriculture

Small FarmsSmall Farms GrainsGrains

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies– CommerceCommerce– AgricultureAgriculture

Small FarmsSmall Farms GrainsGrains

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies– AgricultureAgriculture

Large Plantations and Large Plantations and Small FarmsSmall Farms

Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo, GrainsIndigo, Grains

– SlaverySlavery

Triangular Trade Triangular Trade

Europeans use slave labor to produce in New World, sell goods in Europe, trade goods for slaves in Africa, and repeat

GeographyGeography New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

– Cold weather, rocky terrain limited farmingCold weather, rocky terrain limited farming– Boston and Newport developBoston and Newport develop

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies– More suitable soil than in NE, led to wheat as a More suitable soil than in NE, led to wheat as a

staple cropstaple crop– Philadelphia and NYC develop as major citiesPhiladelphia and NYC develop as major cities

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies– Climate lends itself to large-scale agricultureClimate lends itself to large-scale agriculture– Dependence on slave labor, SC pop. over 50% slaveDependence on slave labor, SC pop. over 50% slave– Charlestown develops Charlestown develops

ReligionReligion New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

– Religious IntoleranceReligious Intolerance– PuritansPuritans

oligarchyoligarchy– SeparatistsSeparatists

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies– Religious ToleranceReligious Tolerance– Protestant SectsProtestant Sects– CatholicsCatholics– JewsJews

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies– AnglicansAnglicans– Government support of the churchGovernment support of the church

Life StylesLife Styles New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

– Strong Family UnitsStrong Family Units– Longer Life SpanLonger Life Span– Customs and Traditions- GrandparentsCustoms and Traditions- Grandparents– StabilityStability– CommunityCommunity– ReligionReligion

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies– FamilyFamily– CommunityCommunity– DiversityDiversity

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies– Plantation SocietyPlantation Society– Fewer FamiliesFewer Families– Less HealthyLess Healthy

The Road to The Road to RevolutionRevolution

Salutary NeglectSalutary NeglectBritish MercantilismBritish Mercantilism

British Economic British Economic Policies in the ColoniesPolicies in the Colonies

Use your knowledge of the 13 colonies to answer Use your knowledge of the 13 colonies to answer the following questions for both photographs the following questions for both photographs

pictured below.What regions are they located in? pictured below.What regions are they located in? Describe the geography of each photo and address Describe the geography of each photo and address

the type of economy each region would have?the type of economy each region would have?

1 2

North American Land Claims in North American Land Claims in 17501750

The Proclamation Line of 1763The Proclamation Line of 1763

Colonist felt that England Colonist felt that England was attempting to control was attempting to control themthem

England wants to avoid England wants to avoid Indian troubleIndian trouble

Colonies were angered Colonies were angered over idea that they must over idea that they must pay for cost of war and pay for cost of war and British troops nowBritish troops now

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect British have left the British have left the

colonies alonecolonies alone British try to enforce laws British try to enforce laws

and taxes after the French and taxes after the French and Indian War without and Indian War without the consent of the coloniesthe consent of the colonies

British do not understand British do not understand colonists are used to colonists are used to representative governmentrepresentative government

Colonies have formed Colonies have formed own governmentsown governments

Colonist are used to Colonist are used to managing their own managing their own affairs with their elected affairs with their elected representativesrepresentatives

““Taxation without Taxation without representationrepresentation””, colonist , colonist want to have a say in want to have a say in government through government through elected reps.elected reps.

British MercantilismBritish Mercantilism System were England controls colonial trade System were England controls colonial trade

and taxesand taxes– Colonies provided raw materials for BritainColonies provided raw materials for Britain– If colonies received imports the goods had to arrive If colonies received imports the goods had to arrive

on British Shipson British Ships– Certain colonial goods were sold only to England, Certain colonial goods were sold only to England,

but not to other countriesbut not to other countries– Colonies were to serve as a market for English Colonies were to serve as a market for English

manufactured goodsmanufactured goods

Navigation Acts 1650-1763Navigation Acts 1650-1763

Restricted colonial trade, Restricted colonial trade, manufacturing and shipping manufacturing and shipping to other countries to other countries

Colonists smuggle and Colonists smuggle and disregard Actsdisregard Acts

Salutary Neglect: Britain has Salutary Neglect: Britain has allowed the colonies to allowed the colonies to prosper under their protection prosper under their protection with little or no controlwith little or no control

Sugar Act 1764Sugar Act 1764 Tax placed on sugar and Tax placed on sugar and

molasses because molasses because colonists are British colonists are British subjectssubjects

Colonist protest and Colonist protest and smuggle sugar and smuggle sugar and molassesmolasses

Quartering Act 1765Quartering Act 1765 Required colonies to Required colonies to

provide British troops provide British troops with quarters and with quarters and suppliessupplies

Colonial assemblies Colonial assemblies vote to refuse to supply vote to refuse to supply British soldiersBritish soldiers

Stamp Act 1765Stamp Act 1765 Any item that was made Any item that was made

of paper required a of paper required a stamped tax payment to stamped tax payment to be madebe made

Colonists argue Colonists argue ““taxation with taxation with representationrepresentation””, Stamp , Stamp Act is repealed Act is repealed

Townshend Acts 1767Townshend Acts 1767 Tax on glass, lead, Tax on glass, lead,

paper, paint and teapaper, paint and tea Colonist smuggle Colonist smuggle

goods, boycott British goods, boycott British goods, and fight with goods, and fight with British troops British troops

Monarchy vs. Representative Monarchy vs. Representative GovernmentGovernment

In a monarchy the In a monarchy the governing power lies governing power lies with a king and those with a king and those that he appoints to that he appoints to officeoffice

Parliament was the Parliament was the lawmaking body in lawmaking body in EnglandEngland

Citizens elect their own Citizens elect their own representatives who will representatives who will represent them in represent them in governmentgovernment

People create their People create their government and have government and have the right to make the right to make changes when they see changes when they see fit (laws, elections)fit (laws, elections)

The Protests Begin!The Protests Begin! Patrick Henry’s

speech Sons and

Daughters of Liberty

Benjamin Franklin’s visit to Parliament

Boston Massacre

Patrick Henry Speaks Out!Patrick Henry Speaks Out! When the House of When the House of

Burgesses met to Burgesses met to consider the Stamp Act consider the Stamp Act in May of 1765 Patrick in May of 1765 Patrick Henry introduced the Henry introduced the Virginia Resolutions Virginia Resolutions protesting Parliamentprotesting Parliament’’s s actionaction

In his speech he stated In his speech he stated that since Americans that since Americans elected no members to elected no members to the British Parliament the British Parliament they should not be taxed they should not be taxed by themby them

This came to be know as This came to be know as ““no taxation without no taxation without representationrepresentation””

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty The Sons of Liberty carried The Sons of Liberty carried

out organized resistance by out organized resistance by keeping watch on keeping watch on shopkeepers suspected of shopkeepers suspected of selling British goodsselling British goods

A group existed in almost A group existed in almost every colony. every colony.

Members included middle Members included middle and upper class citizens, and upper class citizens, anyone could join if they anyone could join if they were trustworthy and had were trustworthy and had the skills the group needed. the skills the group needed.

Famous members included Famous members included Paul Revere, John Adams Paul Revere, John Adams and his cousin, Samuel and his cousin, Samuel Adams.Adams.

Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty Colonial women Colonial women

organized the Daughters organized the Daughters of Liberty to boycott of Liberty to boycott British goodsBritish goods

They gave up imported They gave up imported clothes, made tea out of clothes, made tea out of local herbs, and produced local herbs, and produced homespun clothhomespun cloth

One of the most One of the most influential Daughters of influential Daughters of Liberty was Mercy Otis Liberty was Mercy Otis Warren, who published Warren, who published pamphlets supporting the pamphlets supporting the resistance – she had to resistance – she had to publish in a manpublish in a man’’s names name

The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre After Parliament repealed After Parliament repealed

the Townshend duties, the the Townshend duties, the first clash between British first clash between British and Americans took placeand Americans took place

On the night of March 5, On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys gathered to men and boys gathered to taunt British soldiers outside taunt British soldiers outside the Boston Customs Housethe Boston Customs House

When the crowd went as far When the crowd went as far as to throw sticks and as to throw sticks and snowballs at the redcoats, snowballs at the redcoats, the soldiers panicked and the soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five menopened fire, killing five men

The event quickly became The event quickly became known as the Boston known as the Boston MassacreMassacre

Tea Act 1773Tea Act 1773 Tax on tea, it is a plan Tax on tea, it is a plan

to bail out East India to bail out East India Tea company through Tea company through tax on teatax on tea

Boston Tea Party and Boston Tea Party and smuggling of teasmuggling of tea

The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party In 1773 the British East India In 1773 the British East India

Company, facing bankruptcy, Company, facing bankruptcy, appealed to Parliament for appealed to Parliament for assistanceassistance

Parliament quickly voted to Parliament quickly voted to give them a monopoly for the give them a monopoly for the trade of tea in Americatrade of tea in America

Opposition groups mobilized Opposition groups mobilized against the plan and forcing against the plan and forcing ships to turn back at New York ships to turn back at New York and Philadelphia harboursand Philadelphia harbours

In Boston, Governor In Boston, Governor Hutchinson ordered that no Hutchinson ordered that no ship could leave harbour ship could leave harbour without being unloadedwithout being unloaded

Colonists on a signal from Sam Colonists on a signal from Sam Adams disguised themselves Adams disguised themselves as Mohawks, boarded the ship as Mohawks, boarded the ship and heaved 342 chests of tea and heaved 342 chests of tea into the harbourinto the harbour

The Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)(Coercive Acts)

The Boston Port Act - closed The Boston Port Act - closed the port of Boston to tradethe port of Boston to trade

The Massachusetts The Massachusetts Government Act - revoked Government Act - revoked the colony's charter and the colony's charter and forbade town meetingsforbade town meetings

The Quartering Act - The Quartering Act - required the colonists to required the colonists to provide billets for British provide billets for British soldierssoldiers

The Impartial The Impartial Administration of Justice Administration of Justice Act - removed British Act - removed British officials from the officials from the jurisdiction of jurisdiction of Massachusetts courtsMassachusetts courts

The Quebec Act - 1774The Quebec Act - 1774 It was passed at the same It was passed at the same

time and considered by time and considered by many as one of the many as one of the Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

It extended the Canadian It extended the Canadian province of Quebec south to province of Quebec south to the Ohio Riverthe Ohio River

It also allowed French It also allowed French Canadians use of their own Canadians use of their own legal system which did not legal system which did not recognize trial by juryrecognize trial by jury

The colonists believed The The colonists believed The Quebec Act was designed Quebec Act was designed to keep American settlers to keep American settlers out of western lands foreverout of western lands forever

The First Continental The First Continental CongressCongress

56 delegates from 12 56 delegates from 12 colonies attended the colonies attended the first Continental first Continental Congress in Philadelphia Congress in Philadelphia in September, 1774in September, 1774

The Congress petitioned The Congress petitioned the King for relief from the King for relief from the Intolerable Acts and the Intolerable Acts and vowed to stop trade vowed to stop trade with Britain until the with Britain until the acts were repealedacts were repealed

Here come the Brits!Here come the Brits! Early on April 19, 1775, Early on April 19, 1775,

700 British soldiers were 700 British soldiers were secretly sent to destroy secretly sent to destroy the military supplies the the military supplies the colonists had collected at colonists had collected at ConcordConcord

After learning the soldiersAfter learning the soldiers’’ destination, the Sons of destination, the Sons of Liberty sent Paul Revere & Liberty sent Paul Revere & William Dawes to warn the William Dawes to warn the MinutemenMinutemen of approaching of approaching British soldiers. British soldiers.

Fighting between the Fighting between the Americans and the British Americans and the British broke out near Boston – a broke out near Boston – a city occupied in 1774 by city occupied in 1774 by the British army under the British army under General Thomas GageGeneral Thomas Gage

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord When the British soldiers When the British soldiers

reached Lexington, Captain reached Lexington, Captain Jonas Parker and 75 armed Jonas Parker and 75 armed Minutemen were there to Minutemen were there to meet them. meet them.

The Minutemen were greatly The Minutemen were greatly outnumbered. The British outnumbered. The British soldiers fired, killing 8 soldiers fired, killing 8 Minutemen and injuring 10 Minutemen and injuring 10 others.others.

While the British soldiers While the British soldiers continued on their way to continued on their way to Concord, the men and Concord, the men and women of Concord were women of Concord were busy moving the arms and busy moving the arms and ammunition to new hiding ammunition to new hiding places in surrounding towns. places in surrounding towns.

The British Retreat to The British Retreat to BostonBoston

A large force of patriots A large force of patriots gathered in response to gathered in response to the British troops. the British troops.

As the British soldiers As the British soldiers headed back to Boston, headed back to Boston, they were attacked by they were attacked by the Minutemen. the Minutemen.

All along the route, All along the route, Minutemen, local farmers Minutemen, local farmers and townspeople and townspeople continued the attack continued the attack against the British. against the British.

By the time the soldiers By the time the soldiers reached Boston, 73 reached Boston, 73 British solders were dead British solders were dead and 174 more were and 174 more were wounded.wounded.

Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress

The The Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress was a body of was a body of representatives appointed by representatives appointed by the legislatures of several the legislatures of several British North American British North American colonies which met from May colonies which met from May 10, 1775, to March 1, 1781 10, 1775, to March 1, 1781

By the time the Second By the time the Second Continental Congress met, Continental Congress met, the American Revolutionary the American Revolutionary War had already started with War had already started with the Battles of Lexington and the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. Concord on April 19, 1775.

Thus, the Second Continental Thus, the Second Continental Congress found itself in the Congress found itself in the unenviable position of being unenviable position of being the decision-making body of the decision-making body of a military alliance at war with a military alliance at war with a far more powerful enemy. a far more powerful enemy.

Thomas Paine and Common Thomas Paine and Common SenseSense

In January 1776, Thomas In January 1776, Thomas Paine published Paine published Common SenseCommon Sense

He attacked the He attacked the strongest bond tying strongest bond tying tying America to Britain tying America to Britain – the King– the King

He pointed out the He pointed out the advantages of freedom advantages of freedom from British rule and from British rule and commercial restrictionscommercial restrictions

The book divided The book divided Americans into either Americans into either Patriots or LoyalistsPatriots or Loyalists

Independence!Independence! Beginning in April of Beginning in April of

1776, the colonies 1776, the colonies advised their delegates advised their delegates to vote for independenceto vote for independence

On June 7On June 7thth, Richard , Richard Henry Lee introduced a Henry Lee introduced a brief brief ““Resolution of Resolution of IndependenceIndependence””

On July 2On July 2ndnd, 1776, the , 1776, the Continental Congress Continental Congress adopted Leeadopted Lee’’s resolution s resolution ““that these united that these united colonies are, and of right colonies are, and of right ought to be free and ought to be free and independent states.independent states.””

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

The Official Declaration The Official Declaration of Independence was of Independence was agreed upon on July agreed upon on July 44thth, 1776, 1776

Its purpose was to Its purpose was to justify the Revolution, justify the Revolution, state that the colonies state that the colonies were independent and were independent and to express the nationto express the nation’’s s principlesprinciples

The rest is history!The rest is history!