Those Who Knock on Europe’s Door Must Repent? Bilateral Border Disputes and EU Enlargement

8/14/2019 Those Who Knock on Europes Door Must Repent? Bilateral Border Disputes and EU Enlargement

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Those Who Knock on Europes Door MustRepent?Bll Bd D d EU El

Adw Gdd d Adw Tyl

N. 54 | N 2013

WORKING PAPER


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 54 | November 2013

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-ForschergruppeT Tafmav Pw f E

T KFG W P S d l f Kll-F y

ll d l. I d x wll d d

x l d xl d E d E U.

All KFG W P ll KFG w www.f. dd

l [email protected].

Cy f : Adw Gdd d Adw Tyl

Edl d d: Ad B d Fl B

Gdd, Adw/Tyl, Adw 2013: T W K E D M R? Bll Bd D d

EU El, KFG W P S, N. 54, N 2013, Kll-F (KFG) T TfPw f E F U Bl.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

T l fdd y G R Fd (DFG).

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Kll-F

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14195 Bl

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Those Who Knock on Europes Door Must Repent? | 3

Those Who Knock on Europes Door Must Repent?

Bilaal Bd Di ad EU Elagm

Adw Gdd ad Adw Tayl

Abstract

T xl ld f wd d EU l; ly ll d

w M S d l, w f , ,

l l d. A w w ly f - Ily d Sl,

Sl d C, d G d Md - EU f w d lwy w

wd wd . T q l

l w ld l y flly l

f . O l EU f w x f d

ld d f d. W l w dy

l, l lly dlz wy ld dl EU ly. I

C f d ld llly d-y.

T A

Adw Gdd Pf f Pl Uy f Sld. H w-

xly f B, E d EU l, w l

f l f . R l ld Migraon and

Mobility in the EU(w C Bwll) d The EU and South East Europe:

The Dynamics of Mul-Level Governance and Europeanisaon (w Adw

Tyl d Cl L). H w V Fllw Kll-FT Tf Pw f E J/Jly 2012. F Fy 2013,

wll ld f 5-y E R Cl dd

j l .

C: .dd@ld..

Adw Tayl Pf f Pl Uy f Sld. H w l -

ESRC fdd j dl f l-ll

S E E. I y w fd Ez

f W Bl d f ;

State Failure(Pl Mll) d j

EU l -ld W Bl. H l w l f

d Ud Kd.

C: .j.yl@ld..


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Contents

1. Id 52. Bd d E I 6

3. Ily - Sl 7

4. C - Sl 10

5. FYROM - G 12

6. Cl 16

Rf 18


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Those who knock on Europes door such as Ljubljana must make a gesture of repentance.

(Gianfranco Fini in Corriere della Sera 1994: 5)

1. Id

Sd f l f l w E C f

M S d l y. El , d l d

d l d l w, xl l. Cl

l M S collecvelyw y l d ( )

dd y fy EU lly, d w fy -

l, l . M S , f, d ll l . A

ld f ll d w M S d l, w

f , , l l d. T d

xly d w x , w Ily d Sl, Sl d C, d

G d Md.

W w EU f w d lwy w wd wd

d q l l w

ld l y flly l f . E

d dl f y wl E d -

zd ld, l d fzzy (f xl, R 1993; F/My 1999; C

l. 2004). Hw, d dy d fy w l w d/d d

/-, w w yy dly f f f. T x

: w Ily d Sl y Dlz, I d F;

P By w C d Sl; d, d w G d Md. T

d w f lx f Bl l fd y E , d

y xl l w E d

(H 1966). T l d f l EU d y Lx

d Slf w w : x f l ll f

f f E d f w f dd (2009:791-92). T f w d d f d l d

ld ly w l, l d l l d

(Bzl/R 2012). Hw, , w d xd . I Ily-Sl

w d f f f E d, C-

Sl d, EU, wl ll l w dw d l, d

G-Md w EU flly l.

Bd -ll dl dy lx l d ll d y y:

y fy d-d (Wl 1993) d l-xl (Ll 1998),

w l d, w ly l d, d d

d (Bw 2001: 119). T EU l f d, d f dd l-,


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z d d w d. Bd y

dly . T d xd x f d d d-

, d Wl -y wll j f dy d d dl

(Nw 2001: 147).

2. Bd ad Ea Iga

I Al, Gd Wwll, G f , d Bl

l lly l : T l f ,

dy, f E U, w w fd f f ydy. T wy

dw f l d f q, ld Bl. I E, d

l (D Wll 2013). Wwll ly d y f

EU d.

F d My (1999) w w EU d d -,

E d y dl f y. Udl f EU -

(R 1993). F d My (1999), dw S (1996), dfy -ll, l/

ll, l d ll d d, d, ld d, d

d w EU ld d l d, - d

lly (F/My 1999: 217). T w w fzzy d. C l.

(2004) f E l d, w w d

Yl -. I y dl, y dy f -

lx d l. F xl, w d y dld d

-dld d EU -dl, dl (All 2004).

I l, w wld x d w yy w d d d d

f f. T l w f l d y -

f d d y (Ml 2002; Gdd/Tyl 2013). E

l d ( M S) d d (l ) d f l w

z l. F d d d, dy , w -l d d d, l d. Hy w EU l

dy l dly -EU d f l f -

f l . F l y lly ld, l w EU

d l (Klly 2004; S 2012). E y ll dy d f EU -

(, f xl, EU f Nl P Pz) l - ,

ll dy l - . T EU l , lly,

l f. El ld d lld y

l d EU . T lly d

ly f d l d l -EU ly d l, w

y EU.


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Dz l. (2006) dfy f EU d d. T , compulsory impact, w

l dl f l (Slf/Sdl 2004) w

w yy d dly f d d -

(Dz l. 2006: 575). T w yy d l wld f w ld x d d ld f f d

f d w d ly . If EU ( wll ) l l, w

?

O w EU x l d . Enablingl

l d EU d jfy dlly ll . T j

f d l dd d f EU jfy d l

dd. D wd f xd f l (Dz l. 2006: 578)? Ay -

l l , f, l l d y xly -:

connecve (Dz l. 2006: 581). T EU y l, l l. T

w y idexe ll, l EU f f

d f f f ly, w EU dlz .

EU x-d x f l d EU , d

lf dy, l f fl - . E w EU

l, f, construcve (Dz l. 2006: 584). Sl d l

y-wd d f dwd y d dy. T EU

l ( d y H 1966), l d

ly, lz ly . T w l: , f f

l, d ly ; d d, x-ddy

w d x . T EU , f f,

l -fl. R EU d l (Vd

2005) ( l lz) d d l . T

lly y dd d l

w. A ly q l d l l, ll d-

ll x d dd f EU d l . T, w d

xd . I Ily-Sl , d (Ily) d ly; C-Sl

EU, d f ll, w l fl l; d lly, G-Md d f ld , d l d f EU

d f d .

3. Ialy - Slvia

Bw Ily d Sl l 199 ld d d 29 d d ll ly

w l f d [d] d y f ll y w xll x-

l f x (Kl/G 2001: 130). T Ily-Sl d l ddd

w d l d. F xl, Czz (2007) d f f d


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d f d Ily l d f

d d qly f l f d Cld W. W Il

ll y f w fl ly -f f Il l.

A d f Sd Wld W d 350,000 Il d Dlz, F d I (y

w d dd , le foibe); y d w lzd y T. T - d

-f Il l d ldly l le foibe, d l f

l l dy (Fy 10) d y 2004 lw.

T Ty f P (Fy 1947) dd Yl Z, ld f Pl, y f F d

f I l, w f y f T d UN . I 1954 Yl -

d T Il l. Ud Ty f O (N 1975) w Ily d Yl,

Ily d l l I l d w ld y f -

l (T 1980, Ud 1982 d Ljlj 1988) d ld (Kl/G 2001). T

- f Yl d Sl dl f dd d dy EU , ld

y Ily, f l d d P d d y Ty f

O. L w q f y f Il d w. Al 68 f

Sl f 1991 d y f ld y -Sl z. I 1992 -d-

d ld R w dl f ld z

d l .

T l y d f Cl Azl C

(Al 1993 My 1994) d d y , -ld Bl l

l f 1994, w ldd f -f M Sl Il-Allz

Nzl (MSI-AN). I O, Il f M d w ll

ld: f y d fl y f xl.

M d Ed, EU dd (L

Rl 1994).

T w l x EU wld w Ily -

ld w dz f -f d f f MSI AN

(Jy 1995). T ld w d dld y y ldGf F y f T O 1994. T I q w lly

f AN w l T d ld f MSI. T d-

l f AN w d y f w E dy:

l l dd f l d d d l-

w EU. T MSI-AN d l wld fd f w

Sl l d f Sl w d d f y .

Hw, C dll S (1994) w, F ld f y l y,

d ld f l w l

ld. F w l dly, f xl y U. S. d w

lly dly f l-l. T U. S. w l y f Yl

wd EU. T dl f F w dy/f d ll/l


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d, w w fd w dl : E l? T Sl

w f ld MSI l d d ly -

y, AN.

F l w d w y lly T (O 1994). Idd y ll

f l wd f d-l , w wd- wd y : Triesni:

d y l fd f Sl? T w wd dd N!. El dy,

F d dld AN d w f d dy (w ll ld f d-

y) d , F d l f l dy w wll

, z ld d 1994 w Il d Sl f

d Aql d d Pl. F d w

E d f ; Sl d z ld I d

Dlz w Il d y l f (le foibe) w w w

f l ld y T fllw (C dll S 1994).

T fll f Bl (D 1994) dd

ld y L D, w dd d Sl l ll

l d wy f . T d w - w ll

ld ly jy . T dl : Ily wld

l Sl wl Sl wld f x-Il

y. T d ly f AN w F Pl

dd f f d Pl. F w ly

l f fl l Pl w Ud-Sy f F A, S All,

d (4 M 1995) Il wld l f l w

Sl. D d A Ty w Sl d EU J 1996 x-Y-

l y wd EU. T EU lyd y l . T Sl

(A 1995) w d y S F M J Sl d S EU dy.

I qd Sl wld, w f y f f , z

f EU z y y Sl w dly xdd EU z

d dd f l y Sl y, ldd I l f. T

q f f y w l .

I My 1996 D w ld y -l ld y R Pd. T

Ud-Sy f F A w P F f -l Ol T . I

y, Per Passione, F (2003) w Pd d ld y Pd Cl x-

d l fl Sl . Ud Pd, Il d l

wld d l f f y f d wl F d f

Sl y wld Sl . T ld d

f Il . T w l Il . Sl

w ly d y G wl Sl w l

f E Bl wd j EU d NATO.


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I f wd wd. T w lly ld l l f

f le foibe f Il l d dz f -f

d F. F q f l d d ll ly d

E. T f D d Pd w y l f US, d w l ly -E, w -d y l

x f d y .

4. Caa - Slvia

I ly-1990 C d Sl d ( w , -

f d S-dd fd) f dd ll l w

, ylzd y d By f P (Bl R 2004) d y f y

d d ql () lzd d l l d ll ld

(RFE/RL Nw 2009). T d d w d ly xlly y

Yl -, w dd d f 668 w d wfl yl

f l l d d fdly l w EU (A 2002; /

Aly 2007).

D l d f Sl dd dl d x l d-

(u possides juris) fllw y Sl dld y lf (S

2010: 93-111). C, f Al 15 f UN C Lw f S, ld

d ld qd f w Sl zd d

l f ex aequo et bono(d d d f qy d ) w

d w l f lw f f w y d f d ql.

A l d l Jly 2001 w Sl d C , Jz D

d I R, fld D- R A d 3.6 y 12 d

( 80 f P By) f Sl d w y d

EU wll lz ll l w w l d ylz-

w l Bl. Hw, ly, Sl (f xl, Sl

Nl Py d Sl D Py) d d , J J,w f f y Sl, d l

f l l: 1918 l f C A, 1945 l f T d Gz, 1954

l f Sl y f M R () (Bl R 2001). Sl l

d D- R A C dd d d R

f d C Sl, d fd Il C

f J T H (ICJ). M w xd y C 2003 dl f d -

ll z Ad. C l w xl z d dw

f EU d . C l w d N d

( C P Py d Py f Hl R) dld dl l-

l z d Sl y. O y, D Py f Rd P, d

l f f Idd S f C d w wdd l f

f fl dfd Sl y (Bl R 2003).


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I 2007 C d Sl , I Sd d Jz J, d l f

d H. T -lld Bld A jyd C , w

Sl l , d j wd d f . I

2007 Sl d C l ll d d (f w P By w ly ) w f j d yl f ll

-ll , d C EU w Sl f , D

Rl, l . A Sl w w f d d ll l-

w Sl Nl Py ld y Z Jl d , Dj Rl ( f

Sl D U) d D M ( f ) f .

T w w wl Sl (ld ld f Sl Pl Py) w

d y C d l J J ( ). T P M, A

R, dld - 2004 l (w R l) C w l

f EU.

T EU, f y f l, d w ll . C w -

d y C d d ( l w dl; w

) C d w dd , w Sl d fl

l C d ld . Oll R, l -

, w ld f Cy f , wd d C w

ll d d ll d l (Bl I 2008).

T C d Sl d, S M d Dl T, lld f dl, w T

D- R A l wy fwd d ly f l -

. T C jd f f d-y . I 2007 Sl d

d f ICJ qly d , d f-

wd F , ld EU Pdy, d l. Szy d

Sl d C -jd d d fl

w l. T l dd -dy d f Sl d d

Szy C f P R (COREPER). Of EU ly

Sl d F l d w d. Sl d

ld d l ll , w d, EU -

w wll - EU f d d. Sly,

F C Sl d.

O 19 D 2008 Sl ld f w w C. T

EU d d zd Sl -E

. S C l, ld d, d Sl ll ly d

EU l f d l C w ll,

EU l q (Bl I 2008). Jd l df f Sl

, 23 J d 23 Jly Sl ld l f f w C.

I Jy Sl d l C NATO. T x-ly Py f

Sl N d I f 25 J d 5,000 f fd C

, w l M ddl 40,000 dd l f-

d. T fld dlly (ly f 2,500 w d) d C jd NATO Al


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2009. Al l w C d, ly lwd d Sl

d fqly wld l d w ld.

W R , d l d x ll, w dld ly l wy fwd w l w ld y d w

w d f ld (C w ll ICJ). Nl, ly

2009 w w d w EU ll , -

ld w f d-y . N w d w Sd

d P M Sl, f C ICJ d l

E-ll l. R fd y fl EU l dd C wld fl

d: I f E C ll ()

w E , l dly d w C j

EU (Bl I 2009). R d - l f ll x dl j -

jd d d ld , d d l .

Sl d C w wy fwd ll w d l I Sd

1 Jly 2009. H w dd y Jd K. A w l y, d (

11 S Ljlj) ld l dl f d K fd Swd

Pdy C wld jd d (lly F l)

d P d Sl wld ld, wld l d EU

. T l f w ld Z (26 O); 2 N

C l d , w w d Sl 4 N

2009 (RFE/RL Nw: N 4, 2009). D Sl l

(, , d f, y d df) fd d l

y 51.4 48.5 J 2010. T l (25 My 2011) d -

l d f l ll x ( w jly ld f l f y

w , w wld l ) d d- l w d

w UN. I w xd y l d d wld d.

N E C, EU, w y , d

ll , C wld d d , ld

ll l f f dl f d ly l w w

wll f W Bl [] w w dl ld ld (CEC 2012, 1).

5. FYROM - G

Md dld dd f Yl (S 1991); ld

Rl f Md d d G d d f .

T G f y fdl l f l lw d

d [d] f d ly l, y d l y. Md -

d f d d l () f f y d f

G l d l ; dd w d l d


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f Md , w w ld ylly fl f y d

xl f Md (). I G d ly

f l d l d d [f FYROM] d ld

NATO d EU (Hll Rl, .d.; l REF/RL 2011). T Md w y l ld dd d f

d dlz . My Md d FYROM ll d xl -

f w d l d l d l (RFE/RL 2005).

Md dd d ly ld f (T 1995). T

E C (EC) f Bl d Dl Yl (16

D 1991). T ldd y x-Yl d l

d ll l l wd Cy S

d wll d l d Cy S, ld

d f w l l l (ASIL 1992: 1486). T Dl ld

d w Bd C ( A C f Yl, d

f EU Yl) wld Md q f , l

w llly d. Bd ldd ( fll O 6, dld

11 Jy 1992) Md f d, xlly d ll -

l l l, ldd f Md f ly y l

l S (T 1993: 77-80). EC f G (2 My 1992)

dld d , l ll d fd. A l

dd Md w l Md , wl

l w l G d dd

f d w A d Sj, w f () x d f f EU

ly q (R 1993, 53).

O 30 Jly 1992 Md ld f UN l lld f y lly

l f l y (Pll 2004). Hw, d 1992 l d,

IMF d Wld B, ly dd ll f Yl Rl f Md

(FYROM) w, Jy 1993 ( l f F, S d UK), w d y UN

Sy Cl jd y G d Md. Ud f EU d NATO,

C M, G P M, dd FYROM l M, dd Sj . O 7 Al Sy Cl dd Gl Aly FYROM

d UN w l ddd (UN 1993; 1993). T w

flly d G jd FYROM d d M d FYROM jd F, w

lly d d ( f) x Tld. Al UN d w d-

y, FYROM w dlly d .

Bll l w flzd y I Ad (13 S 1995). T f

Mx B l; f y w d (G w Py f P d FYROM

Py f Sd P) fl dl l w ld, f w d

ll, Md dd V S l yl d d ,

l d ll y wld xld y d, f l d d


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( d d y G 1993 w d d U.S. ) wld llwd, d

wld l d UN l d (UN 1995). A ,

ddd l d f (RFE/RL 2005).

FYROM d UN ld f G f , A S, df f

Nw Dy, ld fll f M d df y Pd PASOK

O 1993. T w PASOK dd d l. T Md l-

d UN dl 30 28 w 18 VMRO-DPMNE (Il

Md Rly Py D Py f Md Nl Uy) lld f -

d w d. N d d dlly d

l 5 f I Ad ll dl ll d.

T l l w G wd Md, d lly

l d y f d (f xl, N Mdj, Vd Md);

G d l f Rl f Md d

y ql wll fll dd. T Sj fl ql wld

ld q f dy; Pd C, f xl, d l Md wll

y Rl f Md dl w f wld (RFE/RL

2005). G d l z d FYROM fld. I M 1997, f

xl, w l d , G f , Td Pl,

Md Pd, K Gl, d dly dd y f Md d

ly w f l (Nl 1997).

Ud I Ad G w FYROM f l z.

A NATO B (Al 2008) G f - f FYROM w d

(NATO 2008: 21). W EU, J 2008 EU Cl xd

FYROM wld l w EU fy dly ld dw

l d d lly l l

l (CEC 2008, 6). T, d f l .

G ly w d y VMRO-DPMNE ly f Azzj (qz). T VMRO-

DMNPE l f VMRO, z fd 1893. I dd

-/C d, -NATO d EU , d l, dw lf f Md. A 1990 VMRO-DPMNE w l y fd

f l w Al d yd 1994 l; 1998 dd l w

D Py f Al. I 1999 VMRO-DPMNE dd l d. I 2002

VMRO-DPMNE w dfd d 2004 l dy. Ry 2006 w

d qz ly, w ld NATO - w

d VMRO-DPMNE 2008 l, w ll xl (RFE/RL

2008). I 2008 ly l VMRO-DPMNE ll l lld 48.7 f

. I D 2006 Sj w d Ald Vl (Alxd G) d

l f Alxd d f Pl II f Md w d, l l

f 22 W H Sj 2011 d l f Pl II ld f

q f Sj 2014 wl . S d, wy d ,


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wll d q ll d (RFE/RL 2011). A d, w

x f dy, d f -ld x, d f -

d (Kz 2009). T Sj 2014 j d qz ly f y

l f l ll f , lly Al d l y Md w d . T j d w EU f d,

y ly G, lly (ICG 2011: 23).T

(f G ) w Md d d w l l w MK

l d. Jd z w EU l, G d l d d-

l w y- (OC 2012).

Aqz ly lly d l yy. I l ld f

w l d f VMRO-DPMNE, w d d

Od A d w l w Al y d jdz l ly. T

fdl Md dy, dly ll f Al, d y l l l

wld d ll . Al l d l wl x

dq wy G d VMRO-DPMNE d d d

ly f wd EU y f w G. Cf

d fl; ly l d-y . Pl d y

l fd, w l l l q w-d jy

55 (64 d Al ) f f EU -

(ICG 2011: 20-21).

I N 2008 FYROM d d G ICJ, ll f Al

11 f I Ad l FYROM NATO . I jd (5 D 2011)

ICJ fd (y 15 1, ly G jd d ) G d d I Ad

ld d G ly G w y

z (ICJ 2011). EU l w Md (Tyl l. 2012) x -

d f Slz d A P (SAP) d w fly dy

(16 J) dd ld . A Slz d A A (d

9 Al 2001) f 1 Al 2004, FYROM W Bl y

f. O 9 N 2005 C d O FYROM l

f d dd dd , w E Cl d D. I J 2007 E Pl d l , , d Md,

EU d l , wy d

l f d EU (RFE/RL 2007).

T EU l ll w ld y UN d

f f l (RFE/RL 2009). T C w d -

ld ll d EU ll 27 EU f . I

O 2009 C dd w ld

y G l w ld. T H Ll A Dl (HLAD) w d y

E Cl D 2012 f f G . A

f HLAD l d d UN d l Nw Y (29-30


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Jy; 8-9 Al) w (CEC 2012: 11-12). I 2009 D D, w d

f y l w P M Pd, dld, T ld -

f w f w Sj (). W ll l

d l (RFE/RL 2009). T . T C wll f wl G y d y f E-z d w

l d l.

6. Cli

I l? T d d x f EU l

d d l , lly. O fy l EU

f w x f d ld d f d.

T d f E f w -

f d dd d l l.

Ed f Cl d E E (CEE) l d, l d, W

Bl w l w dy l l lly dlz

wy ld dl EU ly. I C f

d ld llly d-y.

I ll f d , d l l dy l

d l j d y ll d f y

y EU.

T j f : , l d ll l

f dy; d, d l l ; d d,

j l f l, l w l d E . All

-d EU fldd l, f wd d

d d d y l d d d. Hw, y l l

f l-. T f l ly dw EU

d l w yy d l d f l wld f f d. Nl, w, EU l

, d ll ld l. T EU

ly ( Dz l. 2006) xl nonef . A f EU l

d dx: w yy l l, w ly

, ly l EU f w ld dlz d-

l d l y l lll l. A l w l:

f d, l, w ll w w d w d . W

d f d (Ily-Sl), l dj (Sl-C) d l

(G-Md) xld y, , f ; d d, xd -

y d y EU dd d f EU f.


17/21


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Rf

Ansell, Christopher K.2004: R y d ly, : All, C K./Pl, G- d (d): R Tly: E d Ud S Cd, Cd:

Cd Uy P, 3-18.Arnaut, Darmir2002: Sy W Wy H S: T C f Tl S Dl

Bw C d Sl, : Jl f O d Cl Lw 21/8, 1-39.

ASIL 1992: E Cy: Dl Yl d Gdl Rl f NwS, : Il Ll Ml 31/6, 1485-1487.

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Those Who Knock on Europe’s Door Must Repent? Bilateral Border Disputes and EU Enlargement

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