IT-Jogging “VMware” 11.06.2014 Thomas Schneider Senior Technical Instructor
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IT-Jogging “VMware”
11.06.2014
Thomas Schneider Senior Technical Instructor
2
Juni 11, 2014
Agenda
• VMware vSphere
• VMware Horizon Suite
• VMware Operations Manager
• VMware Virtual SAN
• Fragen & Antworten
Neuigkeiten zu VMware vSphere
Version 5.5
Changes from vSphere 4.x That Affect vSphere
Installation
vSphere 5.x is a major upgrade from vSphere 4.x.
The following changes from vSphere 4.x affect vSphere installation and
setup:
• Removal of the service console
• Removal of the VMware® ESX® graphical installer
• A single installer wizard for upgrades and fresh installations
• Installer caching
• Changes to partitioning of host disks:
• All fresh installations of vSphere 5.5 use the GUID Partition Table
(GPT) format instead of the MS-DOS style of partitioning.
• Upgraded systems do not use the GPT format, but retain the
MSDOS style of partitioning.
• New installations create a 4GB scratch partition.
ESXi Hardware Maximums
ESXi Upgrade
vSphere Web Client Architecture
The vSphere Web
Client architecture consists of the following components:
• Client component:
• Supported Web browser
• Server component:
• vSphere Web Client
• Scalable, backend
server
• vCenter Server
• Inventory Service
Web Browser
Application Server
vCenter Single Sign-On
vSphere Web Client
vCenter Server
Inventory Service
vSphere vMotion Enhancements
With vSphere 5.1 and later, you can migrate a powered-on virtual machine (including memory and storage) with vSphere vMotion, without the requirement for shared storage.
vSphere DRS still requires shared storage when performing vSphere vMotion operations.
vSphere vMotion
vSphere Storage vMotion
vSphere vMotion 5.1 and later
About vCenter Single Sign-On
vCenter Single Sign-On is an authentication service that secures the
VMware cloud infrastructure platform.
vCenter Single Sign-On allows vSphere software components to
communicate with one another through a secure token mechanism.
AD Open LDAP
vSphere Web Client
Identity Source s
vCenter Single Sign-On
vCenter Server
VMware® vCenter™ Orchestrator™
VMware® vCloud Director®
Security Enhancement: ESXi Firewall
ESXi has a new firewall engine to provide access control to incoming
connections on the management network.
Virtual Hardware Features
vSphere 5.5 introduces virtual hardware version 10. Version 9 was
introduced in vSphere 5.1 and version 8 in vSphere 5.0.
These features are available in versions 8, 9, and 10.
Features Benefits
Larger virtual machines: Virtualizes larger workloads, for 64 vCPUs (version 8 supports only 32 vCPUs), example, Microsoft Exchange Server,
1TB vRAM SQL Server, Oracle, and SAP.
Runs high-performance 3D graphics Hardware-accelerated applications, for example, graphics 3D graphics and HD
audio design and medical imaging. Richer desktop experience.
Space-efficient, sparse virtual disks Storage efficiency.
USB 3.0 devices, smart-card readers, and Broader device coverage. e1000e
network adapters
Virtual Hardware Version 10
These features are introduced in version 10.
Features Benefits
Larger VMDK files: maximum of 62TB Allows larger workloads to be virtualized
Support for Advanced Host Controller Supports CD/DVD drives, allowing Mac OS X Interface (AHCI) SATA controller guest operating systems to use them
120 SATA devices per virtual machine Allows more SATA devices to be supported on
(up to 4 SATA adapters, 30 devices per a virtual machine
adapter)
Fixes the problem of being unable to boot from LSI SAS support for Solaris 11 disk when you upgrade from Solaris 10 to
Solaris 11
Viewing Health Check Information
After you have enabled health check, you can view health check
information for the distributed switch in the vSphere Web Client.
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O
Example of Network Health Check
ESXi ESXi
VMware vSphere® Distributed Switch™
Port Group Configuration: VLAN – 10 MTU – 9000 Team – Port ID
Port Group Configuration: VLAN – 20 MTU – 9000 Team – IP hash
Switch Port Configuration: VLAN – 10
MTU –
1500 Team – None
Switch Port Configuration: VLAN – 10 MTU – 9000 Team – None
Physical Network Configuration
Virtual Network Configuration
1 2
Virtual Flash Resource
Combine local flash storage to create the
virtual flash resource.
A virtual flash resource has the following
characteristics:
• A file system used to group the physical
SSDs into a single resource
• Invisible from the user interface
• Transparent to the virtual machine
Configure the virtual machine’s virtual
disk to use the virtual flash resource.
SSD
vSphere
Virtual Flash Resource
Flash Read Cache Infrastructure
Flash Read Cache Limitations
Flash Read Cache has maximum configuration values:
• SSD size: 4TB
• Number of SSDs per virtual flash resource volume: 8
• Number of virtual flash resource volumes per host: 1
• Virtual flash resource volume size: 32TB
• Cache size for each VMDK file: 400GB (minimum of 4MB)
• Cache block size for a VMDK file: 1MB (minimum of 4KB)
Flash Read Cache has the following limitations:
• Support for only locally attached SSDs
• Write-through caching only
• Not compatible with VMware vSphere® Fault Tolerance
• Cannot share an SSD with Virtual SAN or a VMware
vSphere® VMFS datastore
Mirroring
Architecture of
vSphere Storage
vMotion
In vSphere 5.x,
vSphere
Storage vMotion
uses a disk-
level, mirroring
architecture.
The changed
block tracking Mirrored
mechanism is Virtual Disk not used.
Source Destination
Host VMkernel) (
A block-level bitmap identifies modified blocks.
Storage vMotion
I/ Os Written to Source and Destination Disks
Datastore Datastore
About VMFS-5
VMFS-5 provides improvements in scalability and performance over VMFS-3:
• The datastore and a single extent can be greater than
2TB.
• The maximum datastore size is 64TB.
• The maximum virtual disk size is 62TB.
• 1MB file system block size, which supports files up to
62TB in size:
• The file system subblock size is 8KB.
• Efficient storage of small files:
• Data of small files (less than or equal to 1KB) is stored directly
in the file descriptor.
• Support for the GUID Partition Table format
• Raw device mappings have the following maximum sizes:
• Physical compatibility mode: 64TB
• Virtual compatibility mode: 62TB
Upgrading to a VMFS-5 Datastore
You can upgrade a VMFS-3 datastore to a VMFS-5 datastore.
All ESXi hosts that need to access the datastore must first be upgraded to
ESXi 5.x.
About Datastore Clusters
A datastore cluster is a collection of
datastores that are grouped together
without functioning together.
A datastore cluster enabled for Storage
DRS is a collection of datastores working
together to balance capacity and I/O
operations per second (IOPS) latency.
Relationships Between Host
Clusters and Datastore Clusters
The relationship between host clusters and datastore clusters can be
one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many.
One-to-One One-to-Many Many-to-Many
Datastore Cluster
TB 2
500 GB 500 GB 500 GB 500 GB
Datastore Cluster Datastore Clusters Datastore Clusters
Performing a File-Level Restore
The vSphere Data Protection Restore Client enables an end user to
restore individual files and directories in the virtual machine’s guest
operating system.
Host Cluster Host Cluster Host Clusters
Files to restore from the mounted backup
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vSphere Replication
vSphere vSphere
source target
vSphere Replication
vSphere Replication Architecture
Before you can replicate virtual machines, you must have the
vSphere Replication server deployed at both the source site and
target site.
Protected Site Target Site
ESXi
Storage
Storage Storage
VR Appliance VR Management Server,
VR Server vCenter Server
VR Agent
ESXi
VR Agent
ESXi
VMDK1
VR Server
( VMDK1) VMDK2) (
VMDK2
vSphere Web Client
NFC
How Replication Works
After ensuring that data is consistent at both the source and target sites,
the vSphere Replication agent tracks all changed blocks by way of a
vSCSI filter.
Changed blocks are replicated based on the RPO.
A
B C
D
E A B C D E
VMDK
Lightweight Delta
TCP/44046
A C D
Source Target
VMDK Replica
Redo Log
ESXi
VR Agent
Managing vSphere Replication
The vSphere Web Client provides vSphere Replication summary
information and enables you to monitor and manage replication for each
vCenter Server system in the inventory.
vSphere Replication Compatibility with vSphere
vSphere Replication requires ESXi 5.0 or greater.
vSphere Replication functionality is available with the vSphere Web Client.
• vSphere Replication functionality is available with the VMware
vSphere® Client™ if you install VMware® vCenter™ Site Recovery
Manager™ with the plug-in.
vSphere Replication is incompatible with the following vSphere features:
• VMware vSphere® Fault Tolerance
• VMware® Virtual SAN™, with limitations
vSphere 5.x Enhancements to vSphere HA
Certain vSphere HA features have significantly improved in vSphere 5.x:
• Logging:
• Single log file for operational, day-to-day logging
• Syslog integration
• Error and status reporting
• Recognition of VMware vSphere® Distributed Resource Scheduler™
VM-Host affinity rules
• Cluster status and advanced runtime information in the user interface
• Ability to deploy and reconfigure within seconds, regardless of cluster
size
• Removal of dependencies on commonly misconfigured services, for
example, DNS
• Host isolation response
• Admission control policies
Admission Control Policy: Reserving Number of Hosts
You can reserve a specific number of hosts to be used for virtual machines
when a failover occurs.
The slot size is used to determine whether sufficient failover capacity
exists.
Master/Slave Architecture
When you create a
vSphere HA cluster,
a single host is
elected as the
master host.
The master host
communicates with
vCenter Server and
monitors the state of
all protected virtual
machines and of the
slave hosts.
Management Network
vCenter Server
Shared Datastores
vSphere HA Cluster
vpxd
Master Host
Slave Host
Slave Host
vSphere HA Agent
vSphere HA Agent
vSphere HA Agent
Master Host Failure
When the
master host is
placed in
maintenance
mode or
crashes, the
slave hosts
detect that the
master host is
no longer
issuing
heartbeats.
A new election must take
place.
vCenter Server
Heartbeat Datastores
NAS/NFS VMFS
VMFS
Management Networks
Master Host MOID = 100) (
Slave Host MOID = 99) (
Slave Host ( MOID = 98) ?
VM A (Protected)
VM D (Protected) VM E (Protected)
The new master host restarts VM C and VM E on other hosts in the cluster.
VM B (Protected) VM C (Protected)
TMPL 1
A new master host is elected.
vSphere ESXi Image Builder CLI Architecture
vSphere ESXi Image Builder CLI is used to manage software depots,
image profiles, and VIBs.
vSphere Auto Deploy Architecture
vSphere Auto Deploy
Server
VMware vSphere®
Update Manager™
Software Depot
Image Profile 1
ESXi VIB
Driver VIB
OEM VIB
Security VIB
Image Profile 2
ZIP
vSphere ESXi Image Builder CLI
Windows Client
Image Profile
User-Created
esxcli
The vSphere Auto Deploy infrastructure consists of several components.
Placing the Host in the Cluster
The host is placed in the appropriate cluster, if specified by a rule.
vSphere Auto Deploy Server
ESXi Host
Rules Engine
Image Profile
Public Depot
Image Profile VIBs
vCenter Server
Host Profile
ESXi Host
Cluster A Cluster B
vSphere Auto Deploy Server
Waiter
Rules Engine
Image Profile
Image Profile Name, Host Profile Name, Cluster Information
vCenter Server
Host Profile
VMware Horizon Suite
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Horizon Mirage Solution Components
Remote Branch Site
Branch Reflector
WAN
Interne t
Horizon Mirage Clients
Horizon Mirage Client Installed on Endpoints
VPN User
VPN User VPN User
File Portal
Load Balance r
NAS Storage Volumes
Data Center
Administrator
Horizon Mirage Management Console
Horizon Mirage Management Server
Horizon Mirage Server Cluster with File Portal
Horizon Mirage Clients Local Site
Reference Machine
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Branch Reflectors Overview
System Dashboard
The System Dashboard node provides at-a-glance monitoring of system
status and operations.
Horizon Mirage Layers
Horizon Mirage divides the desktop image into logical layers.
User Personalization Layer (user data and profile, installed
applications)
Machine Identity Layer (identity, customizations)
Horizon Mirage Application
Layers
Base Layer
(OS, infrastructure software, core applications)
Driver Profile End-User
PC
Single Image Management with Driver Profiles
This example displays how you can use a single base layer with different
driver profiles to create images for specific brands of endpoint desktops.
Dell Drivers
Dell Laptops
Single HP Drivers
HP Laptops
Base Layer
Lenovo Drivers Lenovo Laptops
Single Image Management with Base and Application
Layers
Using base layers, application layers, and driver profiles, Horizon Mirage
provides single image management for up to 20,000 endpoints.
Finance
Dell Drivers
HP Drivers
Apps
HR Apps
Up to 20 ,000
Single
Base Layer Windows 7
Antivirus Endpoints Common Apps VMware
Drivers IT
Apps
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Migration Challenges
Microsoft Supported Upgrade Paths
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Horizon Mirage Supported Migration Paths
Windows 7
Windows XP
Windows 7
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Use for endpoints with an up-to- date operating system but lacking applications and user data.
Use for endpoints with a fresh operating system that requires updates and no user data.
Use for a completely built endpoint that needs only user data.
User Machine Replacement Option
VMware Operations Manager
46 Juni 11, 2014
Role of Operations Management
Monitor
Isolate Remediate
! Problem
Slow performance
Config issue Rollback change
Plan
Optimize Automate
Maintenance
Utilization/forecast
Reclaim capacity Orchestrate changes
Ensure and restore service levels.
Optimize for efficiency and cost.
Reactive Proactive
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Do vCenter Server and esxtop Provide All Details Needed?
What does this really mean? Why is it happening? What should you do?
vCenter Operations Manager: Dashboard
Overview • Comprehensive dashboard for cloud operations with health, risk, and efficiency scores • Single tool to manage performance and capacity across multiple vCenter Server systems
Benefits • End-to-end visibility into cloud infrastructure health • Proactive incident avoidance • Optimize for efficiency and cost
vCenter Operations Manager vApp: Disk Configuration
Disk 2 and all other disks added are data disks.
2+ vCPU GB RAM 9+
Disk 1 is the system disk.
2+ vCPU GB RAM 7+
UI VM
Disk 1 GB 8
Disk 2 GB 120+
vCenter Operations Manager 5.0 vApp
logical volume manager (LVM)
Analytics VM
Disk 1 8 GB
Disk 2 120+ GB
LVM
vCenter Operations Manager UI: Two Use Cases
• Immediate problems
• What is happening now?
• What needs my attention?
Operations Short- and long-term capacity
Forward- looking
Capacity concerns I should be aware of?
Are system component s deployed and configured optimally?
vCenter Operations Manager: Major and Minor Badges
• High-level overview
• Calculated from scores of minor badges
• Specifics
• Guidance
3 major badges
8 minor badges
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vCenter Operations Manager: User Interface
inventory pane
main area/dashboard
badge pane
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Operations Tab Overview
Planning Tab Overview
Details
Workload badge focus: datastore example
latency
space available
IOPS
throughput
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Alerts Tab Overview
vCenter Operations Manager Default UI: Infrastructure Badge Thresholds
Adjust levels to userdefined settings.
Click the Configuration link to access Infrastructure Badge Thresholds.
Set infrastructure and virtual machine thresholds separately:
• Capacity problems for
a host requires more
warning than for a
virtual machine.
Disable the color threshold by clicking the level off.
VMware Virtual SAN
60 Juni 11, 2014
vSphere Storage Protocol Feature Comparison
Storage Protocol
Supports Boot from
SAN
Supports vSphere vMotion
Supports vSphere HA
Supports vSphere
DRS
Supports Raw Device
Mapping
Fibre Channel
● ● ● ● ●
FCoE ● ● ● ● ●
iSCSI ● ● ● ● ●
NFS ● ● ●
DAS ● ●
Virtual SAN ● ● ●
About Virtual SAN
vSphere 5.5 offers experimental support for Virtual SAN, which is software-
defined storage.
Virtual SAN aggregates direct-attached storage disks of ESXi hosts and
creates a storage pool that can be used by virtual machines.
Virtual SAN has the following benefits:
• vSphere and VMware® vCenter Server™ integration
• Storage scalability
• Built-in resiliency
• SSD caching
• Converged compute and storage resources
Virtual SAN Architecture
With Virtual SAN, multiple ESXi hosts are grouped to form a Virtual SAN
cluster.
Object-Based Storage
Virtual SAN stores and manages data in the form of flexible data
containers called objects.
vSphere
Virtual SAN Cluster
Disk Group Disk Group Disk Group
Virtual SAN Datastore
Virtual SAN Cluster
Virtual SAN is a cluster feature. This feature is integrated with VMware®
ESXi™ to create a distributed RAID.
Virtual SAN Cluster
vSphere
Disk Group Disk Group Disk Group
Virtual Machine’s Metadata Files
VMDK File
VMDK File
Object Object Container Object
Virtual SAN Datastore
Virtual SAN Datastore
The Virtual SAN datastore is an object store solution that is created using
disk groups from hosts in a cluster. The capacity of the datastore is a
function of the size and quantity of HDDs.
Virtual SAN Minimum Requirements Virtual SAN clusters require:
• Three ESXi 5.5 Update 1
hosts contributing local disks
• Hosts to be managed by
VMware® vCenter Server™
5.5 Update 1. Virtual SAN
ESXi cluster members
require:
• A dedicated 1Gb Ethernet
NIC connected to a single L2
network with multicast (IGMP
Snooping) enabled
5.9 TB
Virtual SAN Cluster
GB 200
2 TB
200 GB
TB 2
GB 200
2 TB
SSD
HDD
Virtual SAN Network
• VMkernel ports that are
enabled by Virtual SAN
•All hardware must be validated to
support Virtual SAN by using the
VMware Compatibility Guide
One SAS/SATA/PCIe SSD
One SAS/NL-SAS/SATA
HDD
One 1Gb/ or 10Gb NIC
SAS/SATA Controllers or RAID Controllers that work in pass-through or RAID0
mode
Virtual SAN Networking
Virtual SAN introduces a new VMkernel port property named Virtual SAN
traffic.
• Virtual SAN cluster hosts must have a Virtual SAN traffic-enabled
VMkernel port connected to a virtual switch.
ESXi A ESXi B ESXi C
Virtual SAN Network
VMkernel port enabled for Virtual SAN traffic
Standard Switch
VMkernel port enabled for Virtual SAN traffic
Standard Switch
VMkernel port enabled for Virtual SAN traffic
Standard Switch
Virtual SAN and Object-Based Storage
Virtual SAN Network Traffic Flow
Storage I/O traffic always goes over the Virtual SAN network.
Cluster Summary Tab
The Virtual SAN area of the cluster Summary tab in the vSphere Web
Client shows common information about your Virtual SAN configuration.
Magnetic Disk Failures
In this scenario, a single magnetic disk behind a host participating in a
Virtual SAN cluster is lost. Virtual SAN starts copies of degraded
components immediately.
Schulungen & Zertifizierungen
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VMware Zertifizierungen
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.5: Install, Configure, Manage
Zielgruppe: Administratoren, Partner
Kursinhalt: Installation, Konfiguration und Verwaltung von VMware vSphere 5.5
Empfohlen bei allen VMware vSphere Lizenzen bis zur Enterprise (keine Enterprise+
Funktionen werden behandelt)
Prüfung: berechtigt zur VCP5-DV
Dauer: 5 Tage
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.5: Whats New
Zielgruppe: Administratoren, Partner
Kursinhalt: Neuerungen in VMware vSphere 5.5
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer, die sich einen Überblick über die Neuerungen in Version 5.5
verschaffen wollen
Prüfung: -
Dauer: 2 Tage
7 5
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.5: Fast Track
Zielgruppe : Administratoren , Partner
Kursinhalt : Installation, Konfiguration und Verwaltung von VMware vSphere 5.5
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer , die sogut wie alle Funktionen von VMware vSphere 5.5
kennenlernen wollen . Es werden u. a. auch Enterprise+ Funktionen behandelt .
Prüfung : berechtigt zur VCP5-DV
Dauer : 5 Tage mit deutlich längeren Kurszeiten
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.5: Troubleshooting Workshop
Zielgruppe : Administratoren , Partner
Kursinhalt : Fehlerbehebung mit sehr vielen praktischen Labs
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer , die im täglichen Arbeitsalltag schnell auf Fehler in VMware
vSphere reagieren müssen . Vorteil von diesem Kurs sind die vielen praktischen Labs während des Kurses .
Prüfung : berechtigt zur VCP5-DV
Dauer : 5 Tage
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.5: Optimize & Scale
Zielgruppe : Administratoren , Partner
Kursinhalt : Es wird detailiert jede Komponente behandelt ( Netzwerk , Storage, CPU,
Arbeitsspeicher , … ) . Zudem werden viele Kommandozeilentätigkeiten durchgeführt . Der Kurs richtet sich mehr an Teilnehmer mit Enterprise+ Funktionen .
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer , die ihre VMware Infrastruktur skalieren wollen . Zudem mit
dem Einsatz von Enterprise+ Funktionen und Automatisierung .
Prüfung : berechtigt zur VCP5-DV
Dauer : 5 Tage
7 8
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.5: Skills for Operators
Zielgruppe : Administratoren , Partner
Kursinhalt : Es werden im Alltag benötigte Funktionen von vSphere vorgestellt . Das
Ziel ist es in zwei Tagen zu wissen , wie man Grundfunktionen von VMware vSphere anwenden kann .
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer , die nur einen groben Überblick der
Administrationsmöglichkeiten bekommen wollen .
Prüfung : -
Dauer : 2 Tage
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VMware Kurse
vSphere 5.x: Design Workshop
Zielgruppe: Administratoren, Partner, Systemarchitekten
Kursinhalt: Es werden Möglichkeiten und Empfehlungen für das Planen von einer
VMware vSphere Umgebung gezeigt.
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer, die für Planung von Rechenzentren verantwortlich sind.
Prüfung: -
Dauer: 3 Tage
8 0
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VMware Kurse
Horizon View 5.2 : Install, Configure, Manage
Zielgruppe : Administratoren , Partner
Kursinhalt : Es wird die Installation, Konfiguration und Verwaltung von VMware Horizon
View behandelt . Der Teilnehmer sollte dann in der Lage sein , eine Umgebung für Desktopvirtualisierung zu betreiben .
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer , die das erste Mal mit VMware Horizon View Erfahrungen
sammeln wollen .
Prüfung : VCP-Desktop
Dauer : 4 Tage
8 1
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VMware Kurse
VMware Virtual SAN: Deploy and Manage
Zielgruppe : Administratoren , Partner
Kursinhalt : Es wird die Installation, Konfiguration und Verwaltung von VMware Virtual
SAN behandelt . Der Teilnehmer sollte dann in der Lage sein , die Umgebung mit vSAN zu betreiben .
Empfohlen für Teilnehmer , die das erste Mal mit VMware Horizon View Erfahrungen
sammeln wollen .
Prüfung : -
Dauer : 2 Tage
8 2
Fragen & Antworten
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