Thomas Bowles valley - Brampton · 2018. 8. 8. · River General Summary Thomas Bowles Valley is an urban natural area in Springdale, a secondary plan area in northeast Brampton.

THOMAS BOWLES VALLEY

Date of this Site Summary: August 2013

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Region of Peel NAI Area # 2199 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority

City of Brampton Size: 2.80 hectares Watershed: Humber River Con 5 EHS, Lots 13, 14; north

of the intersection of Sandalwood Parkway with Sunny Meadow Boulevard

Ownership: 100% public (City of Brampton)

Subwatershed: West Humber River

General Summary Thomas Bowles Valley is an urban natural area in Springdale, a secondary plan area in northeast Brampton. The natural area encompasses the steep valley walls and floodplain of Tributary A, a tributary of the West Humber River. Most of the natural area is treed, making this site quite different from adjacent naturalizing areas along Tributary A. The area is in relatively good condition although invasive species pose a potential threat to the forest community. Substantial restoration plantings have been established in the parts of this area near the roads. Thomas Bowles Valley supports a Species At Risk, several rare plant species and possible amphibian breeding, and moreover, it serves as a source of biodiversity for re-colonization by forest species, to other open parts of the Tributary A valley in adjacent natural areas. An Ecological Land Classification vegetation community inventory was conducted over all of this area. A thorough inventory of the plant species was conducted in conjunction with the ELC work (Table 1). Fauna were recorded as incidental observations. There is no recent (within the last 20 years) fish species data for the stream in this natural area, indicating a data gap. Table 1: BNAI Field Visits Date Visited Inventory Type 20 July 2011 ELC 22 July 2011 ELC Natural Feature Classifications and Planning Areas Physical Features Thomas Bowles Valley is in the South Slope physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam, 1984), characterized by low-lying ground moraines. Grey-green and grey-blue Georgian Bay shales form the bedrock of this area. The bedrock is covered by low permeability, clayey silt and silt deposits of the Halton Till, laid down by retreating glaciers. The soils along the valley are variable alluvial soils. The valley edges have Chinguacousy series clay loam soils, slightly stony and with imperfect drainage. Tributary A, a tributary of the West Humber River runs through this area and is the main hydrological feature of this site. The natural area consists of the valley slopes, a narrow floodplain and the creek which is very wide in places and almost dry at times. The natural course of the creek has been retained when the surrounding area was developed and there are a lot of downed trees in the creek that catch debris and block water. Human History Although land in the Brampton area was surveyed in 1818, it remained largely unsettled until the 1830s. In 1830, the population density in the area was only 10-20 people per square mile (Spelt, 1972) and settlement and clearing of the original forest was slow. By 1851 the population density had grown to 40-60 people per square mile, although less than a third of the land owned by farmers had been cleared and the forest still limited views across the landscape (Spelt, 1972). The nature of



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agriculture changed from subsistence farming in the 1830s to commercial farming in response to the wheat boom of the mid 1800s. The Brampton area has good soils for farming and the railroad’s arrival in 1856 provided transportation of production to distant markets, allowing this area to become an important area for agricultural production. Farming boomed and by 1881 most of the good land had been cleared and put into agricultural production (Spelt, 1972). Land use adjacent to and in Thomas Bowles Valley remained agricultural as the site was too far from the growing hamlet of Brampton (population 50 in 1853; Spelt, 1972) to be affected by urban development until more recently. In the 1980s and 1990s large blocks of rural lands in Brampton were released for urban development. The area of Springdale, of which this natural area is a part, was developed as a suburban community beginning in 1995 and was the focus of Brampton’s urban growth in that period. The residential developments surrounding Thomas Bowles Valley were built between 2002 and 2004. Prior to residential development, the adjacent lands were in agricultural crops. A natural riparian strip extended along both sides of the stream and the forest patch was the same size and shape as it is today. Upstream of the forest patch, the valley walls had clumps of trees and most of the bottomland was marsh wetland. Thomas Bowles Valley is surrounded by residential and institutional (Sunny View Public School) land use. The stream crosses under Sunny Meadow Boulevard at its upstream, northwest end and under Sandalwood Parkway at its downstream, southeast end. Thomas Bowles Valley is a City of Brampton park and there is a single pedestrian trail along the north rim of the valley but no other recreational development. Abundant restoration plantings have been made in the open parts of the valley in attempts to restore natural vegetation communities. Vegetation Communities This natural area is in the Lake Simcoe - Rideau Ecoregion (6E). The general community types present here are deciduous forest (85%), thicket swamp (3%) and cultural thicket (12%). A total of three vegetation communities were mapped for the 93% of this natural area that was accessed, representing three different vegetation types (Table 2). One of these vegetation types is a TRCA regional Community of Urban Conservation Concern: the Willow Mineral Thicket Swamp (SWT2-2, L-rank L4). Two of the communities at Thomas Bowles Valley contain patches of vegetation different from the main community type, but too small to map and recognize as separate communities. Although they are small, they still contribute additional habitat diversity and are noted as inclusions. The Native Deciduous Sapling Cultural Thicket community (CUT1-A1, polygon 1121009) contains inclusions of Exotic Forb Old Field Meadow (CUM1-C), Cattail Graminoid Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAMM1-2) and Reed Canary Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) vegetation types. The Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple – Hardwood Deciduous Forest (FODM5-11, polygon 1121010) contains inclusions of Native Forb Old Field Meadow (CUM1-A), Exotic Forb Old Field Meadow (CUM1-C) and Buckthorn Cultural Thicket (CUT1-B) vegetation types. Table 2. ELC vegetation communities surveyed

Polygon ID Size (ha) Community Type Canopy Sub-canopy Understory Ground Layer

Dominant Species at each height layer

1121010 2.38 (85.00%)

Dry - Fresh Sugar Maple - Hardwood Deciduous Forest

(FODM5-11)

Sugar Maple, White Ash, American

Basswood, American Elm

Sugar Maple, White Ash,

Eastern Hop-hornbeam,

American Elm

Common Buckthorn,

Sugar Maple, White Ash,

Chokecherry

Running Strawberry-bush,

Red Trillium, Blue Cohosh,

May Apple



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1121011 0.09 (3.21%)

Willow Mineral Thicket Swamp

(SWT2-2)

Hybrid Maple, Heart-leaved

Willow

Heart-leaved Willow, Meadow Willow, Multiple Willow species, Narrow-leaved

Cattail

Late Goldenrod, Panicled Aster

subspecies, Reed Canary Grass, Aster

species

Multiple Rush species, Northern

Bugleweed, Spotted Touch-me-not, Multiple Sedge species

1121009 0.33 (11.79%)

Native Deciduous Sapling Cultural

Thicket (CUT1-A1)

Meadow Willow, Eastern

Cottonwood subspecies,

Hybrid Maple, Trembling

Aspen

Heart-leaved Willow, Meadow Willow, Eastern

Ninebark, Canada Plum

Late Goldenrod, Creeping Thistle,

Panicled Aster subspecies,

Reed Canary Grass

Species Presence Vascular Plants A total of 129 vascular plant species occur in Thomas Bowles Valley, of which 88 (68%) are native. Four plant species are regionally rare (Table 4), although some (e.g. Eastern Ninebark, Physocarpus opulifolius; Bog Goldenrod, Solidago uliginosa) may be planted at this site. Nine of the plant species occurring in this natural area are TRCA regional Species of Conservation Concern and 15 additional plant species are TRCA regional Species of Urban Conservation Concern (Table 4). At this site there are at least nine species that are planted, most of them native species including several TRCA regional Species of Conservation Concern and TRCA regional Species of Urban Conservation Concern. Of the non-native plant species found at Thomas Bowles Valley, 26 are invasive. Seven of these invasive species are considered to be transformers which exclude all other species and dominate sites indefinitely, three species are highly invasive which tend to dominate only certain niches or do not spread rapidly from major concentrations, seven species are moderately invasive which can become locally dominant given certain conditions and nine are minimally invasive species which do not pose an immediate threat to natural areas but compete with more desirable native species. Birds A total of 13 bird species were observed at this site, of which 12 (92%) are native. One of these, Eastern Wood-peewee (Contopus virens) is a Species At Risk, considered Special Concern nationally (Table 3). Three of the bird species observed in this natural area are TRCA regional Species of Urban Conservation Concern (Table 4). A Killdeer (Charadrius vociferous) was observed in the schoolyard immediately adjacent to this natural area, in what could be suitable breeding habitat. Kildeer usually nest in April and May (sometimes through June) so school would be in session and the playground would be used during their nesting period. Fish This natural area is approximately one concession upstream of that portion of Tributary A that has been identified as Occupied Habitat for Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) as per MNR’s 2013 mapping (pers. comm., S. Jorgenson, 2013). Herpetofauna Two native frog species occur at this site. Both of these species are TRCA regional Species of Urban Conservation Concern (Table 4). As these frogs were observed after the end of the breeding season, it is unknown whether this natural supports their breeding. Visits to this site during the breeding season are recommended to determine whether amphibian breeding occurs as it may be indicative of significant wildlife habitat.



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Mammals One common, native mammal species was observed at this site. Table 3. Designated Species at Risk Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC COSSARO S-Rank G-Rank Birds Contopus virens Eastern Wood-pewee SC S4B G5 Table 4: Regionally rare species (shown in bold) and TRCA Regional Species of Conservation Concern (indicated by TRCA L-rank L1-L3) and TRCA Regional Species of Urban Conservation Concern (indicated by TRCA L-rank L4) (Kaiser, 2001; Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 2007) Scientific Name Common Name S-Rank G-Rank TRCA L-Rank Vascular Plants Acer saccharinum Silver Maple S5 G5 L4 Acer x freemanii Hybrid Maple SNR GNA L3 Allium tricoccum Small White Leek S5 G5 L4 Carya cordiformis Bitter-nut Hickory S5 G5 L4 Carya ovata Shag-bark Hickory S5 G5 L3 Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh S5 G4G5 L3 Cornus rugosa Roundleaf Dogwood S5 G5 L4

Euonymus obovatus Running Strawberry-bush S5 G5 L3

Fagus grandifolia American Beech S4 G5 L4 Fraxinus nigra Black Ash S5 G5 L4 Juncus effusus ssp. solutus Lamp Rush S5? G5T5 L4 Lycopus uniflorus Northern Bugleweed S5 G5 L4 Physocarpus opulifolius Eastern Ninebark S5 G5 L3 Prunus nigra Canada Plum S4 G4G5 L3 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak S5 G5 L4 Salix bebbiana Bebb's Willow S5 G5 L4 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow S5 G5 L5 Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow S5 G5 L4 Salix serissima Autumn Willow S4 G4 L3 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft-stem Bulrush S5 G5 L4 Solidago uliginosa Bog Goldenrod S5 G4G5 L2 Trillium erectum Red Trillium S5 G5 L4 Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium S5 G5 L4 Typha latifolia Broad-leaf Cattail S5 G5 L4 Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry S5 G5T5 L2 Herpetofauna Bufo americanus American Toad S5 G5 L4 Rana clamitans Green Frog S5 G5 L4 Site Condition and Disturbances Thomas Bowles Valley is in relatively good condition, in comparison with other areas along the Tributary A corridor. Most of the forest cover has been retained along this reach of the Tributary A valley when the surrounding lands were in agricultural use. As the forest is estimated as mid-aged, it is suspected that the original forest was removed early in settlement but was then allowed to regenerate as perhaps the steep valley walls made it unsuitable for agriculture or grazing.



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Invasive species are abundant and widespread in the forest community though. The invasive species Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) forms a thick growth around the margins of the forest community and poses a significant threat to the future integrity of the forest. Other problematic transformer-type invasive species that occur in this area are Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata ), Tartarian Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo), Dame’s Rocket (Hesperis matronalis), Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis). Small amounts of garbage are scattered throughout this area, most noticeable near the school. There is slight to moderate noise disturbance throughout Thomas Bowles Valley with higher levels near Sandalwood Parkway, which is a major arterial road in Brampton. Light disturbance due to recreational use of this site occurs, primarily in the forest, where there are some faint trails along the upper terrace. There are also some faint trails through the cultural thicket community just upstream of the forest, including a campfire pit. This site is in close proximity to residential development thereby increasing the risk of disturbance from littering, spread of invasive species, urban predators, light and noise pollution. In several locations there are encroachments from residences in the form of dumping of soil and large piles of cut branches and trees. Restoration plantings are abundant at both ends of the area, near the roads, using mostly native species. These plantings will support wildlife movement along the stream corridor by providing cover. Some small natural disturbances also occur here. There are small, localized canopy gaps in the forest and occasional wind-throws. In some places light browsing evidence is visible. Ecological Features and Functions With forest communities greater than 2 hectares, this natural area has the potential to support and sustain biodiversity, healthy ecosystem functions and to provide long-term resilience for the natural system. Thomas Bowles Valley includes the riparian area of Tributary A, a tributary of the West Humber River, providing a transitional zone between terrestrial and aquatic habitats, helping to maintain the quality of the stream, and providing a movement corridor for plants and wildlife. The Thomas Bowles Valley natural area is especially important as forest cover within this vegetated tributary valley, as it will serve as a seed source and a node for dispersal and re-colonization for those sections of valley upstream and downstream that were previously agricultural and are now naturalizing open or thicket vegetation types. Areas of adjacent natural habitat are linked to Thomas Bowles Valley across Sandalwood Parkway and Sunny Meadow Boulevard via road culverts. These roads are relatively broad and are generally only moderately busy. The relative close proximity of other areas of natural habitat creates above-average potential for wildlife movement between natural areas, species dispersal and recovery from disturbance, creating additional resilience for the ecosystem. This natural area supports a bird Species At Risk and four regionally rare plant species. Two species of frogs were observed at this site, suggesting that Thomas Bowles valley may support amphibian breeding. Based on the above features, this area should be evaluated to determine if significant wildlife habitat is present, in accordance with the Provincial Policy Statement, Region of Peel Official Plan, and Brampton Official Plan. Snags, tree cavities and fallen logs are also present in the deciduous forest, providing foraging and nesting habitat for a variety of wildlife species.



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Recommendations 1. Invasive Species Control: Although there are invasive species present in various quantities at this site many will be challenging to control. Control measures that are undertaken would have to be continued for several years until native vegetation increases to dominate the communities.

a) Control plan: This site is impacted by invasive species (problematic invasive species present, widespread invasive species, many different invasive species). A detailed assessment of invasive species at this site and a control plan is recommended as a high priority, in order to limit the impact and attempt to restore the ecological integrity of this natural area.

b) Common Buckthorn removal: The Common Buckthorn around the forest margin (as well as any within the forest community) should be removed, followed by dense plantings of fast growing native tree and shrub species which could help to re-establish the native composition of the flora around the forest margin.

c) Purple Loosestrife removal: Purple Loosestrife could be hand-pulled in early summer when in flower but before it has gone to seed to help limit its spread.

d) Garlic Mustard removal: Garlic Mustard can easily and rapidly spread through a forest and its chemistry allows it to eliminate native ground vegetation species. Repeated years of hand-pulling can be effective in at least reducing its impact. The surrounding school and residential neighbourhood provides a good opportunity for community volunteer involvement in invasive species removal and stewardship of natural areas in the city.

2. Monitoring of Ash Health: White Ash is a dominant tree species in the canopy and sub-canopy of the forest community at Thomas Bowles Valley, and their loss to Emerald Ash Borer should be monitored to identify where forest restoration is necessary. Replacement plantings of alternative tree species will be critical to maintaining the health of this woodlot. 3. Maintain/Establish Connectivity With Other Natural Areas: Naturally-vegetated connections with other natural areas upstream and downstream of this site will facilitate the movement of wildlife species along the valley corridor. Movement and dispersal corridors allow for gene flow among breeding populations and contribute to ecosystem resilience. Connections between natural areas can be established or enhanced (made broader) by restoration plantings of native species. 4. Species At Risk Habitat: A Species At Risk was found in this natural area and a detailed assessment of the habitat condition is recommended, in order to identify actions that may help to retain or enhance the habitat for the SAR. 5. Trash: The garbage found in the stream would be easy to clean up and should be done to improve the area ecologically and to make the area more visually appealing to the public. 6. Encroachments: The encroachments into the natural area should be eliminated. Encroachment extends the impacts of urbanization and reduces the capacity of the buffer to protect the watercourse. 7. Educational Opportunity: The school might want to consider watching for Killdeer nesting in the schoolyard and if nesting should occur, temporary fencing of the nest area might be used to protect the birds from trampling (Killdeer are ground-nesters with well camouflaged nests and young). This could be a good opportunity to educate the students about birds and conservation. 8. Additional Inventory Work: Additional inventories at Thomas Bowles Valley are recommended.

a) Breeding birds: A breeding bird inventory to determine the significance of the forest community in supporting breeding birds.

b) Amphibians: Frog species observed at Thomas Bowles Valley was outside of the breeding season, so a target amphibian breeding inventory is recommended in order to establish whether the frogs are breeding at this site.

c) Fish: Fish data for this area is lacking so inventories are recommended to fill data gaps.



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Literature Cited Chapman, L.J. and Putnam, D.F. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3rd ed. Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. Kaiser, Jeff. 2001. The Vascular Plant Flora of the Region of Peel and the Credit River Watershed. Prepared for: Credit Valley Conservation, the Regional Municipality of Peel, Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. Spelt, J. 1972. Urban Development in South-Central Ontario. McClelland & Stewart Ltd., Toronto. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. 2007. Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program Data Collection Methodology.



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Vascular Plant Species at Thomas Bowles Valley

R= regionally rare

T-SCC= TRCA regional Species of conservation Concern, T-SUCC= TRCA regional Species of Urban Conservation Concern

Invasive Score: 1=Transformer, 2=Highly Invasive, 3=Moderately Invasive, 4=Minimally Invasive, 5=Potentially Invasive

See "CVC Priority Invasive Plants" list for additional information about invasive score

*Planted species have been denoted with an asterisk unless additional natural specimens occur

Native Vascular Plant Species

Scientific Name Common Name

Acer saccharinum Silver Maple SUCC Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum Sugar Maple Acer x freemanii Hybrid Maple SCC Actaea rubra Red Baneberry Allium tricoccum Small White Leek SUCC Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Carya cordiformis Bitter-nut Hickory SUCC Carya ovata Shag-bark Hickory SCC Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh SCC Cicuta maculata Spotted Water-hemlock

Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis Intermediate Enchanter's Nightshade

Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaf Dogwood Cornus rugosa Roundleaf Dogwood SUCC Cornus stolonifera* Red-osier Dogwood Echinocystis lobata Wild Mock-cucumber Eleocharis sp. Spike-rush species Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Hairy Willow-herb subspecies Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Euonymus obovatus Running Strawberry-bush SCC Euthamia graminifolia Flat-top Goldentop Fagus grandifolia American Beech SUCC Festuca sp. Fescue species Fragaria vesca ssp. americana Woodland Strawberry Fraxinus americana White Ash Fraxinus nigra Black Ash SUCC Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. pennsylvanica* Red Ash Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens Geum canadense White Avens Glyceria striata Fowl Manna-grass Hydrophyllum virginianum John's Cabbage Impatiens capensis Spotted Touch-me-not Juncus effusus ssp. solutus Lamp Rush SUCC Juncus tenuis Path Rush Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Lycopus uniflorus Northern Bugleweed SUCC Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum False Solomon's-seal Myrica pensylvanica* Bayberry Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hop-hornbeam



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Oxalis stricta Upright Yellow Woodsorrel Parthenocissus inserta Thicket Creeper Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Physocarpus opulifolius Eastern Ninebark R, SCC Picea glauca* White Spruce Pinus resinosa* Red Pine Podophyllum peltatum May Apple Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera* Balsam Poplar Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood subspecies Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen Prunella vulgaris Self-heal Prunus nigra Canada Plum SCC Prunus serotina Wild Black Cherry Prunus virginiana ssp. virginiana Chokecherry Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak SUCC Quercus rubra* Northern Red Oak Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus Grayleaf Red Raspberry Salix bebbiana Bebb's Willow SUCC Salix eriocephala Heart-leaved Willow Salix exigua Sandbar Willow R Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow SUCC Salix serissima Autumn Willow R, SCC Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft-stem Bulrush SUCC Scirpus atrovirens Dark-green Bulrush Scutellaria galericulata Hooded Skullcap Solidago altissima var. altissima Late Goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis Zig-zag Goldenrod Solidago uliginosa Bog Goldenrod R, SCC Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum Panicled Aster subspecies Symphyotrichum puniceum Swamp Aster Thalictrum dioicum Early Meadow-rue Thuja occidentalis* Eastern White Cedar Tilia americana American Basswood Trillium erectum Red Trillium SUCC Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium SUCC Typha latifolia Broad-leaf Cattail SUCC Ulmus americana American Elm Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis California Nettle Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry SCC Viola sp. Violet species Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape Non-native Vascular Plant Species Scientific Name Common Name Invasive Score Acer negundo Manitoba Maple 1 Acer platanoides* Norway Maple 2 Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium Common Yarrow Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard 1 Arctium minus ssp. minus Common Burdock Cichorium intybus Chicory



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle 2 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Crataegus monogyna English Hawthorn 3 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace Epilobium hirsutum Great-hairy Willow-herb Epipactis helleborine Eastern Helleborine Geranium robertianum Herb-robert 3 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket 1 Hypericum perforatum Common St. John's-wort 4 Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca Common Motherwort Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle 1 Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife 1 Malva sylvestris High Mallow Medicago lupulina Black Medic 4 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Alfalfa 4 Mentha x piperita Peppermint 4 Nepeta cataria Catnip 4 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip 3 Phleum pratense Meadow Timothy Phragmites australis Common Reed 1 Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass 3 Polygonum hydropiper Marshpepper Smartweed Ranunculus acris Tall Buttercup Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn 1

Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus Common Red Raspberry subspecies

Rumex crispus Curly Dock Salix alba White Willow 3 Solanum dulcamara Climbing Nightshade 3 Sonchus sp. Sowthistle species Trifolium pratense Red Clover 4 Trifolium repens White Clover 4 Tussilago farfara Colt's Foot 4 Typha angustifolia Narrow-leaved Cattail 2 Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch 3



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Fauna Species at Thomas Bowles Valley Type Common Name Scientific Name

Bird American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis Bird American Robin Turdus migratorius

Bird Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapillus

Bird Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum

Bird Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula Bird Eastern Wood-pewee Contopus virens

Bird European Starling Sturnus vulgaris

Bird Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis

Bird Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura

Bird Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis

Bird Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Bird Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus

Bird Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia

Herpetofauna American Toad Bufo americanus

Herpetofauna Green Frog Rana clamitans Mammal Northern Raccoon Procyon lotor

*Designated Species at Risk and provincially rare species shown in bold



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Thomas Bowles valley - Brampton · 2018. 8. 8. · River General Summary Thomas Bowles Valley is an urban natural area in Springdale, a secondary plan area in northeast Brampton.

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