This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2006 by Robin L. Simmons. All Rights Reserved. Revised by Tamara Copeland Robin L. SimmonsRobin L. Simmons This PowerPoint.

This PowerPoint Presentation is This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2006 by ©2006 by Robin L. SimmonsRobin L. Simmons..

All Rights Reserved.All Rights Reserved.Revised by Tamara CopelandRevised by Tamara Copeland

This PowerPoint Presentation is This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2006 by ©2006 by Robin L. SimmonsRobin L. Simmons..

All Rights Reserved.All Rights Reserved.Revised by Tamara CopelandRevised by Tamara Copeland

mailto:[email protected]


GRAMMAR Lecture GRAMMAR Lecture GRAMMAR Lecture GRAMMAR Lecture

Pronoun Pronoun ReferenceReference

Even more Even more pronoun pronoun rules rules to to learn!learn!

Even more Even more pronoun pronoun rules rules to to learn!learn!

Now read this sentence:Now read this sentence:Now read this sentence:Now read this sentence:

Rule 1:Rule 1: Each pronoun must refer Each pronoun must refer clearlyclearly to a to a singlesingle antecedent. antecedent.Rule 1:Rule 1: Each pronoun must refer Each pronoun must refer clearlyclearly to a to a singlesingle antecedent. antecedent.

Lorna told Sue that her miniskirt was Lorna told Sue that her miniskirt was too short and too tight.too short and too tight.Lorna told Sue that her miniskirt was Lorna told Sue that her miniskirt was too short and too tight.too short and too tight.

herherherher

Is there a problem?Is there a problem?Is there a problem?Is there a problem?

Isn’t it possible to see two Isn’t it possible to see two different pictures? This different pictures? This one …one …

Isn’t it possible to see two Isn’t it possible to see two different pictures? This different pictures? This one …one …

Girl,Girl, that that

skirt is skirt is a little a little

tight!tight!

Girl,Girl, that that

skirt is skirt is a little a little

tight!tight!

You You

reallyreally think think so?so?

You You

reallyreally think think so?so?

Lorna Sue

… … or this one?or this one?… … or this one?or this one?

I know, I know, I know I know

my skirt my skirt is is too too short!short!

I know, I know, I know I know

my skirt my skirt is is too too short!short!

No No time for for

laundrylaundry this week, this week,

huh?huh?

No No time for for

laundrylaundry this week, this week,

huh?huh?

Lorna Sue

To fix the problem, try one of To fix the problem, try one of these two strategies.these two strategies.To fix the problem, try one of To fix the problem, try one of these two strategies.these two strategies.

Strategy 1:Strategy 1: Use a Use a specific wordspecific word to replace to replace the pronoun. The correction looks like this:the pronoun. The correction looks like this:

Lorna told Sue that her skirt Lorna told Sue that her skirt

was too short and too tight.was too short and too tight.

Strategy 2:Strategy 2: Completely Completely reviserevise the sentence, the sentence, like this:like this:

Lorna told Sue that her skirt was too Lorna told Sue that her skirt was too short and too tight.short and too tight.

Sue’s skirtSue’s skirtLorna’s skirtLorna’s skirt

Sue, “Your skirt isSue, “Your skirt istight.”tight.”

Sue, “My skirt isSue, “My skirt is

Rule 2:Rule 2: A pronoun should not refer A pronoun should not refer to a possessive noun [one that ends to a possessive noun [one that ends in in ’s’s or or s’ s’ ].].

Rule 2:Rule 2: A pronoun should not refer A pronoun should not refer to a possessive noun [one that ends to a possessive noun [one that ends in in ’s’s or or s’ s’ ].].


The cockroach’s antennae searched the air The cockroach’s antennae searched the air as it attempted to find leftover crumbs or as it attempted to find leftover crumbs or spilled soda.spilled soda.

The cockroach’s antennae searched the air The cockroach’s antennae searched the air as it attempted to find leftover crumbs or as it attempted to find leftover crumbs or spilled soda.spilled soda.

itititit

Is there a Is there a

problemproblem, , my friends?my friends?

Is there a Is there a

problemproblem, , my friends?my friends?

To fix the problem, try one of To fix the problem, try one of these two strategies:these two strategies:To fix the problem, try one of To fix the problem, try one of these two strategies:these two strategies:

Strategy 1:Strategy 1: Use Use ofof to show possession instead to show possession instead of of ’s’s or or s’s’..

The antennae of the cockroachThe antennae of the cockroach searched the air as it attempted to find searched the air as it attempted to find leftover crumbs or spilled soda.leftover crumbs or spilled soda.Don’t use this option if the sentence will sound Don’t use this option if the sentence will sound really weirdreally weird..

Bob’s eyesBob’s eyes grew more and more tired as grew more and more tired as hehe studied his pronoun reference rules. studied his pronoun reference rules.The eyes of BobThe eyes of Bob grew … [Sounds like grew … [Sounds like

the title of a horror movie!]the title of a horror movie!]

The The eyeseyes of Bob of Bob say know say know

Strategy 2!Strategy 2!

The The eyeseyes of Bob of Bob say know say know

Strategy 2!Strategy 2!

Strategy 2:Strategy 2: Revise the sentence so Revise the sentence so that the pronoun reference is that the pronoun reference is specificspecific..

The cockroach attempted to The cockroach attempted to find find leftover crumbs or spilled soda; his leftover crumbs or spilled soda; his antennae searching the air.antennae searching the air.

Rule 3:Rule 3: Use Use theythey with with precision. precision. TheyThey should have a should have a single, clear antecedent.single, clear antecedent.

Rule 3:Rule 3: Use Use theythey with with precision. precision. TheyThey should have a should have a single, clear antecedent.single, clear antecedent.

Don’t worry if the stock market is Don’t worry if the stock market is down. They say that fluctuations are down. They say that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long- natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments.term investments.

Don’t worry if the stock market is Don’t worry if the stock market is down. They say that fluctuations are down. They say that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long- natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments.term investments.



TheyTheyTheyThey

Who is Who is theythey ? ?Who is Who is theythey ? ?

Space aliensSpace aliens from Zortek?from Zortek?

Talking Talking squirrelssquirrels from from

Lake Eola?Lake Eola?

Market analysts?Market analysts?

Pay attention! I Pay attention! I know you can know you can

hearhear me! me!

Pay attention! I Pay attention! I know you can know you can

hearhear me! me!

Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Space Space aliens sayaliens say that fluctuations are natural and won’t that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments.hurt your long-term investments.

Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Space Space aliens sayaliens say that fluctuations are natural and won’t that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments.hurt your long-term investments.

Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Don’t worry if the stock market is down. The The talking squirrels at Lake Eola saytalking squirrels at Lake Eola say that fluctuations that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long-term are natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments.investments.

Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Don’t worry if the stock market is down. The The talking squirrels at Lake Eola saytalking squirrels at Lake Eola say that fluctuations that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long-term are natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments.investments.

Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Market Market analysts sayanalysts say that fluctuations are natural and won’t that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments. hurt your long-term investments.

Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Don’t worry if the stock market is down. Market Market analysts sayanalysts say that fluctuations are natural and won’t that fluctuations are natural and won’t hurt your long-term investments. hurt your long-term investments.

Say what you Say what you mean!mean!Say what you Say what you mean!mean!

Rule 4:Rule 4: Use Use itit with precision. with precision. ItIt should have a single, clear should have a single, clear antecedent.antecedent.

Rule 4:Rule 4: Use Use itit with precision. with precision. ItIt should have a single, clear should have a single, clear antecedent.antecedent.

It says in this week’s It says in this week’s National National InquisitorInquisitor that the Loch Ness that the Loch Ness Monster ate Elvis Presley.Monster ate Elvis Presley.




ItItItIt

WhatWhat says? says? WhoWho says? says?WhatWhat says? says? WhoWho says? says?



ThisThisInquisitorInquisitor says that the Loch Ness says that the Loch Ness Monster ate Elvis Presley.Monster ate Elvis Presley.

I must I must admitadmit that he tasted that he tasted

pretty bad.pretty bad.

I must I must admitadmit that he tasted that he tasted

pretty bad.pretty bad.

In addition, use In addition, use itit sparingly.sparingly.In addition, use In addition, use itit sparingly.sparingly.

They say that Ms. Simmons will allow They say that Ms. Simmons will allow no more than two no more than two itits per sentence!s per sentence!

WhoWho says?says?WhoWho says?says?

We do!We do! The The

talking talking squirrelssquirrels from Lake from Lake

Eola!Eola!

We do!We do! The The

talking talking squirrelssquirrels from Lake from Lake

Eola!Eola!

Rule 5:Rule 5: Make certain that Make certain that thisthis, , thatthat, and , and whichwhich have one clear have one clear antecedent.antecedent.

Rule 5:Rule 5: Make certain that Make certain that thisthis, , thatthat, and , and whichwhich have one clear have one clear antecedent.antecedent.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board, puppies, killing everyone on board, which really upset Gloria.which really upset Gloria.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board, puppies, killing everyone on board, which really upset Gloria.which really upset Gloria.



whichwhichwhichwhich

WhatWhat really upset Gloria? really upset Gloria?WhatWhat really upset Gloria? really upset Gloria?

Oh, no! We’re Oh, no! We’re going going down!down! We’re all going We’re all going

to to die!die!

Oh, no! We’re Oh, no! We’re going going down!down! We’re all going We’re all going

to to die!die!

Oh, no! Is Oh, no! Is that a that a

kennel full kennel full of of

puppiespuppies below?below?

Oh, no! Is Oh, no! Is that a that a

kennel full kennel full of of

puppiespuppies below?below?

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board. killing everyone on board. Plane crashesPlane crashes really upset Gloria.really upset Gloria.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board. killing everyone on board. Plane crashesPlane crashes really upset Gloria.really upset Gloria.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board. killing everyone on board. The dead The dead passengerspassengers really upset Gloria. really upset Gloria.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board. killing everyone on board. The dead The dead passengerspassengers really upset Gloria. really upset Gloria.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board. killing everyone on board. All those All those doomed puppiesdoomed puppies really upset Gloria. really upset Gloria.

The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, The 747 crashed into a kennel full of puppies, killing everyone on board. killing everyone on board. All those All those doomed puppiesdoomed puppies really upset Gloria. really upset Gloria.

Say what you Say what you mean!mean!Say what you Say what you mean!mean!

Rule 6:Rule 6: Use Use youyou [or any other [or any other second-person pronoun] only for second-person pronoun] only for direct addressdirect address..

Rule 6:Rule 6: Use Use youyou [or any other [or any other second-person pronoun] only for second-person pronoun] only for direct addressdirect address..

I never ride the Kumba at Busch Gardens I never ride the Kumba at Busch Gardens because roller coasters always make you because roller coasters always make you throw up.throw up.

I never ride the Kumba at Busch Gardens I never ride the Kumba at Busch Gardens because roller coasters always make you because roller coasters always make you throw up.throw up.


youyouyouyou


Wheeeeeee!Wheeeeeee!Wheeeeeee!Wheeeeeee!

Use second-Use second-person pronouns person pronouns only if you mean only if you mean

your reader! your reader!

Use second-Use second-person pronouns person pronouns only if you mean only if you mean

your reader! your reader!

Whoooooo!Whoooooo!

Fix the problem this way:Fix the problem this way:Fix the problem this way:Fix the problem this way:

I never ride the Kumba at Busch I never ride the Kumba at Busch Gardens because roller coasters Gardens because roller coasters always make you throw up.always make you throw up.

I never ride the Kumba at Busch I never ride the Kumba at Busch Gardens because roller coasters Gardens because roller coasters always make you throw up.always make you throw up.memememe

I don’t I don’t feelfeel so so

goodgood … …

I don’t I don’t feelfeel so so

goodgood … …

Rule 7:Rule 7: Make sure that Make sure that whowho, , whichwhich, and , and thatthat refer to the refer to the right types of nouns.right types of nouns.

Rule 7:Rule 7: Make sure that Make sure that whowho, , whichwhich, and , and thatthat refer to the refer to the right types of nouns.right types of nouns.

King, Jerome’s German shepherd, King, Jerome’s German shepherd, which barks incessantly, works better at which barks incessantly, works better at deterring thieves than any alarm system deterring thieves than any alarm system ever could.ever could.

King, Jerome’s German shepherd, King, Jerome’s German shepherd, which barks incessantly, works better at which barks incessantly, works better at deterring thieves than any alarm system deterring thieves than any alarm system ever could.ever could.



whichwhichwhichwhich

Use Use whowho for people, famous for people, famous animals, or named pets.animals, or named pets.Use Use whowho for people, famous for people, famous animals, or named pets.animals, or named pets.

Fred, Fred, whowho plays plays the drums …the drums …

King, King, whowho guards the guards the house …house …

Mickey Mouse, Mickey Mouse, whowho greets greets guests …guests …

Use Use whichwhich for inanimate objects for inanimate objectsand unnamed animals.and unnamed animals. Use Use whichwhich for inanimate objects for inanimate objectsand unnamed animals.and unnamed animals.

Our refrigerator, Our refrigerator, whichwhich makes makes strange noises strange noises ……

My lucky pen, My lucky pen, whichwhich I use to I use to ……

The stray cat The stray cat whichwhich my my neighbor helped neighbor helped ……

Use Use thatthat for anything unnamed, for anything unnamed, though though whowho is best for people. is best for people.Use Use thatthat for anything unnamed, for anything unnamed, though though whowho is best for people. is best for people.

The jerk The jerk thatthat lives next door lives next door ……

The iguana The iguana thatthat Tajuana Tajuana has as a pet …has as a pet …

The coffee The coffee maker maker thatthat we we got as a gift …got as a gift …

To prepare for the pronoun To prepare for the pronoun reference quiz, do the following:reference quiz, do the following:To prepare for the pronoun To prepare for the pronoun reference quiz, do the following:reference quiz, do the following:

Be sure to complete and understand all of the Be sure to complete and understand all of the interactive practice exercises for this unit. interactive practice exercises for this unit.

Exercise 1 Exercise 1 looks like the looks like the realreal quiz; I will post quiz; I will post a practice quiz at the course website.a practice quiz at the course website.

This PowerPoint presentation is also This PowerPoint presentation is also available for your review.available for your review.

EmailEmail me with any questions. me with any questions.


The End.The End.The End.The End.

Study for your Study for your pronoun reference pronoun reference

quiz! It’s a hard nut quiz! It’s a hard nut to crack!to crack!

This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2006 by Robin L. Simmons. All Rights Reserved. Revised by Tamara Copeland Robin L. SimmonsRobin L. Simmons This PowerPoint.

Documents

lorna sue slide

simmons slide

skirt lornas skirt sue

theythey slide

pronoun rules

stock market

pronoun reference rules

eyes eyes of bob