This is normal textuom.lk/sites/default/files/civil/files/ICAHETS Abstract 2017.pdfHDM-4 - Chopra Tanuj1, Kamotra Sahil 2, Parida Manoranjan3, Kwatra Naveen4 27 Effect of aggregate

International Conference on Advances in

Highway Engineering & Transportation

Systems

2017

Abstracts

21st July 2017 Negombo, Sri Lanka

Transportation Engineering Group

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Moratuwa

ICAHETS- 2017, Transportation Engineering Division, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka i

Table of Contents

Keynote Speakers’ Profiles & Keynote addresses iv

New Paradigms for Transportation Infrastructure: Trends, Sustainability and Education -

Prof. Sanjaya Senadheera vii

100-Year Durability of Pavement Engineering Materialsix

Long Term Strategic Planning Simulations: Land Use and Transport Models from Alberta,

Canada and Elsewhere - Dr. John E. Abraham xi

Session 1: Highway Engineering 1

Session keynote 1: Imaging studies on aggregates and asphalt mix from microscope to

camera - Prof. Animesh Das 4

Minimizing Highway Alignment Cost by Optimizing Horizontal Curve Radius - M.B.

Sushma1, Avijit Maji2 5

Effect of traffic composition on capacity of two-way two-lane, roads under mix traffic

condition - R P G K S Rajapaksha1, J M S J Bandara2 7

Passing Sight Distance: Adequacy of AASHTO Criteria for Two Lane Roads in Sri Lanka

- Rajamali Masakorala1, W K Mampearachchi2 9

Session 2: Traffic Engineering 11

Session keynote 2: Proactive Pedestrian Safety Evaluation using Surrogate Safety Measures

- Dr. P. Vedagiri 14

Development of Speed Prediction Model for Horizontal Curves under Mixed Traffic

Conditions - Gourab Sil1, Avijit Maji2 15

Application of fuzzy regression methodology in transportation engineering -

S Marisamynathan1, P Vedagiri 2 17

Development of Guidelines for Traffic Signal Coordination for Intersection Clusters -

N K Jayasooriya1, J M S J Bandara2 19

Session 3: Pavement Maintenance 21

Session keynote 3:Performance evaluation and design criteria for low volume roads -

Dr. Ankit Gupta 24

ICAHETS- 2017, Transportation Engineering Division, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka ii

Influence of Nanoclay and Carbon Nano Tube on High Temperature Performance Grade and

Rutting Performance of Asphalt Binder - Prabin Kumar Ashish1, Dharamveer Singh2 25

Development of Urban Road Maintenance Management System Using Distress Models of

HDM-4 - Chopra Tanuj1, Kamotra Sahil 2, Parida Manoranjan3, Kwatra Naveen4 27

Effect of aggregate surface texture, aggregate shape and vibration frequency on packing

density of binary aggregate mixtures - Chamod Hettiarachchi1, W K Mampearachchi2 29

Investigation of Marshall characteristics & durability of glass powder incorporated dense

graded asphalt - Jayvant Choudhary1, Brind Kumar2, Ankit Gupta3* 31

Sesssion 4: Safety and Public Transport 33

Session keynote 4:Safety Effectiveness of Paved Shoulders and Rumble Strips on Two-Lane

and Four-Lane Highways - Prof. Sunanda Dissanayake 36

Modelling pedestrian crossing behavior through Social force model - S.M. P Siddharth1

,Vedagiri Perumal2 37

Deelopment of logit model for estimating helmet usage in developing countries- S

Marisamynathan1, P Vedagiri2, Shivam Gupta3 39

Evaluating level of passenger satisfaction of public bus transportation systems in sri lanka.

Case study: Colombo to Kesbewa - Ishani M. Dias1 ,Sachin A. Fernando2 41

Session 5: Highway Material 43

Session keynote 5:Understand Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Binder-Aggregate System

Using Surface Free Energy Approach- Dr. Dharamveer Singh 46

Cost Effectiveness of Stone Crushers in Pune and Quality Management of Aggregates -

Shreyas Patil1,M. S. Ranadive2 47

Effect of Marble Dust in Subgrade Soils on the Fatigue and Rutting Characteristics of the

Flexible Pavement- Moudgil Shubham 1, Chopra Tanuj 2,Pathak Rajesh3 49

Evaluation of water absorption characteristics of Internal curing concrete aggregate with

respect to the processing temperature of expanded clay types- M M H W Bandara1,W K

Mampearachchi2 51

Session 6: Infrastructure Systems 53

Session keynote 6:Mapping the Relationship between Modular Building Construction and

Transportation Infrastructure - V Y J Bandara1, J Taron2, G Assef3, L Kattan4 57

ICAHETS- 2017, Transportation Engineering Division, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka iii

Risk Management and Site Layout Optimization of Ready Mix Concrete Plants - Saurabh

Zunzunwala,M S Ranadive2 59

Classification of Man and Women Home Based Travel Behaviours at Bus to Bus Transits

in Colombo - Saman Widanapathiranage1 61

Evolution of Road User Charging and its Future - Loshaka Perera1,Russell G. Thompson2

63

Abstracts – Poster Session 65

Traffic speed limit modeling using support vector regression and firefly algorithm - Saurabh

Maheshwari1, Dharamveer Singh2, Musharraf Zaman3, Luther White4 67

Effects of Wax Based WMA Additive on Laboratory Performance of Polymer Modified

Binder - Aniket V. Kataware1 and Dharamveer Singh2 69

Angularity of Fine Aggregates Using Digital Image Technique and Conventional Approach

Bharat Rajan1, Dharamveer Singh2, and Gaurav Garg3 71

Analysis of Driver’s Stop/Go Behavior at the yellow onset Under Mixed Traffic Conditions-

Bharat Kumar Pathivada1 and P Vedagiri2 73

Modeling Acceleration Characteristics of Motorized Three-Wheeler -Bharat Kumar

Pathivada 1, P Vedagiri2 75

Advanced Tool for Accurate Pavement Distress Measurement and Evaluations- Sarfaraz

Ahmed1*; P Vedagiri2,K V Krishna Rao3 77

ICAHETS- 2017, Transportation Engineering Division, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka iii

ICAHETS- 2017, Transportation Engineering Division, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka iv

Keynote Speakers’ Profiles

& Keynote Addresses

ICAHETS- 2017, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka 5


Prof. Sanjaya Senadheera

Director of the Texas Tech University Center for

Multidisciplinary Research in Transportation

Dr. Sanjaya Senadheera serves as Director of the Texas Tech University Center for

Multidisciplinary Research in Transportation (TechMRT) and as Associate Professor of Civil,

Environmental & Construction Engineering. His research interests are in Infrastructure

Materials and Systems, Sustainable Design and Transdisciplinary Education. Dr. Senadheera

obtained his BSc in Civil Engineering with honors from the University of Peradeniya in 1981

and joined State Engineering Corporation (SEC) of Sri Lanka. He left SEC as a Chartered

Engineer while serving as Works Manager at its Concrete Precast Yard. He joined Data

Management Systems (Software) Ltd. In Sri Lanka as a Business Analyst before leaving Sri

Lanka to pursue postgraduate studies at Texas A&M University in College Station. After

obtaining his Ph.D. in civil engineering, he joined Texas Tech University (TTU) as a Research

Associate and currently serves there as a tenured faculty member, during the past 20+ years at

TTU, Dr. Senadheera’s research has generated over $12 million in sponsored funding to the

university. In his current role as Director of TechMRT, he oversees the university’s

transportation research program. In his research role, Dr. Senadheera currently heads its Novel

Flexible Pavement Materials research group comprising of seven faculty members, three

postdoctoral fellows, and eight doctoral students.

ICAHETS- 2017, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka vii

Keynote Address

New Paradigms for Transportation Infrastructure: Trends, Sustainability

and Education

Transportation is one of the primary drivers of a country’s economic vitality, and careful

planning and execution of transportation infrastructure projects based on fundamental

principles are vital, mainly due to their high cost and resource intensity. Rapid, exponential

growth in national and regional economies of the world have placed severe strains on the supply

of resources for transportation projects and the resulting impacts on environmental quality.

Furthermore, ineffective infrastructure solutions have burdened many economies with poorly

functioning transportation systems and mountains of debt. Also, rapid developments in

advanced transportation technologies and energy systems and the increased significance of

extreme climate events have added to the level of system complexity. The novel technologies

and energy systems, though promising, are not likely to be fully implemented for a decade or

more, but the challenges posed by resource limitations and deteriorating environmental quality

call for the creation of a bridge between traditional transportation systems and advanced

systems of the future. Development of novel and sustainable material systems is an essential

part of this bridge to a sustainable future for transportation and the humanity in general. These

developments may be in the form of new infrastructure life-cycle paradigms, rapid construction

technologies, novel material systems including natural renewable materials, significant

reductions in material intensity and improved infrastructure resilience. The increased

complexity of transportation infrastructure systems also requires new approaches to study the

impact of transportation systems on communities and societies with a focus on humanism and

quality of life. This new dimension of humanism calls for a major transformation in the way

we need to educate and train tomorrow’s transportation workforce that is sensitive to not only

the engineering and productivity of systems but also their impact on society. This lecture will

address the key issues indicated above, along with illustrations of the work by Dr. Senadheera's

research group at Texas Tech in the area of novel pavement material systems.

ICAHETS- 2017, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka viii

Prof. Feipeng Xiao

Professor

College of Transportation Engineering

Tongji University

China

Dr. Feipeng Xiao is a Professor of “Recruitment Program for Young Professionals” in College

of Transportation Engineering at Tongji University, China, and an Adjunct Associate Professor

at University of Alabama, USA. He is a Registered Professional Engineer at Maryland with

almost 20-year international experiences in structural design, pavement engineering,

geotechnical engineering, and water resource.

His research interests are focus on asphalt materials, solid waste applications, energy saving

and environmental friendly materials, asphalt modifications and Nano techniques. Prof Xiao is

working the Editor of Elsevier-Construction and Building Materials, Associate Editor of

ASCE-Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering and Editorial Board Member for other three

science citation indexed (SCI) journals. He is a reviewer serving over 20 international Journals.

Prof Xiao published over 100 papers in international circulated Journals. He received the best

paper award from International Conference and is one scholar of “the most cited Chinese

Researchers in Civil and Construction Engineering” by Elsevier at 2014, 2015 and 2016.

Prof. Xiao was issued 7 Chinese patents and co-published two books. He is serving/served

Principle Investigator (PI) or Co-PI for over 10 projects funded by Chinese and US

governments recently. Prof. Xiao is frequently invited to serve the Scientific Committee and

Chair by International Conferences hosted by organizations in USA, China, Korea, and India

etc. He is also the committee member/member of several international pavement/materials

related associations.

ICAHETS- 2017, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka ix

Keynote Address

100-Year Durability of Pavement Engineering Materials

Recent years, rapid improvements of the infrastructures in China result in the social and

economic developments. However, these growths brought many issues since the quality

controls were somewhat ignored due to various reasons. Therefore, it is very indispensable to

conduct the long-term performance infrastructure systems for our next generations. The

durability of highway pavement is always an essential topic for the engineer and researcher.

However, how to achieve this objective is challenging our pavement investigators. In this topic,

the pavement engineering materials are selected and studied. Some innovative techniques,

novel materials, and state of the art knowledge will be introduced to accomplish the objective

of 100-year durability of pavement engineering materials.

ICAHETS- 2017, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka x

Dr. John E. Abraham

HBA Specto Incorporated

Calgary, AB, Canada

John E. Abraham, PhD, MSc, PEng is one of the principal developers of the PECAS framework

for integrated land use, transport, and economic modelling. With colleagues at HBA Specto

and elsewhere he has built simulation models in Canada for the cities of Calgary, Edmonton

and the Province of Alberta; in the United States for the cities of San Francisco, Sacramento,

San Diego, Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles and the states of California and Oregon; and

internationally for Brisbane, Australia, Caracas, Venezuela, and Wuhan, China. John’s focus

is on behavioural theory, mathematical representations, calibration techniques, forecasting, and

the long-term analysis of policy and infrastructure.

ICAHETS- 2017, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka xi

Keynote Address

Long Term Strategic Planning Simulations: Land Use and Transport

Models from Alberta, Canada and Elsewhere

Simulation models of the future guide us in optimal transport investments and policy. A

computer representation of the future spatial economy of the region, showing future households

and future businesses interacting through transportation, allows us to plan for the true purpose

of transportation.

The classic representation has three sub models: economic, land use, and transportation. The

economic model represents the way households and businesses interact in their pursuit of well-

being and profits, and their resulting reliance on transportation. The land use model represents

the location of activities on land, as well as the development of buildings and other structures

to support the housing and production needs of society. The transportation model represents

the detailed use of the future transportation system. The three models together show how the

transportation system shapes the future of the region’s development and economy, and how the

transportation system will be used in the future.

Examples from around the world are presented, showing the use of the models to predict and

describe congestion, development, economic benefits, and household equity.

The model of Alberta, in Canada, currently undergoing development, is described. It contains

five sub models for transportation demand, including an Activity Based Model (ABM) for daily

household travel. The economic model has a detailed representation of industry types, and a

micro simulation of development patterns on 2 million parcels.

Session 1 Highway Engineering


Highway Engineering





Session Keynote 1:

Prof. Animesh Das

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian

Institute of Technology Kanpur, India

Prof. Animesh Das is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India.

He completed his M.Tech and Ph.D., both from IIT Kharagpur, India, in 1993 and 1998

respectively. Prof. Das’s area of interest is pavement material characterization, analysis, design

and evaluation. As a researcher, he is interested in both theoretical and experimental studies

and he has published a number of papers in scientific journals of repute. He has co-authored a

text book titled ‘Principles of Transportation Engineering' published by the Prentice-Hall of

India (currently known as PHI learning) in 2003 and authored another book titled ‘Analysis of

Pavement Structures’ published by CRC Press - Taylor and Francis Group in 2014. He has

received numerous awards in recognition to his contribution in his field. To name a few, Young

Engineer Award in 2004 from Indian National Academy of Engineers (INAE), IRC-Pt.

Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award in 2006 from Indian Roads Congress (IRC),

Fulbright-Nehru Senior Research Fellowship in 2012 by United States India Educational

Foundation (USIEF) etc.



Keynote address

Imaging studies on aggregates and asphalt mix – from microscope to

camera

The size of aggregates used in asphalt mix varies from a few microns to a few centimeters.

Thus, different imaging equipment is necessary to capture information at different scales. In

this talk I shall discuss about our recent explorations with scanning electron microscope, optical

microscope, desktop scanner and camera on aggregates and asphalt mix. Some ideas and

results related to shape characterization of aggregates, asphalt binder adsorption in aggregates,

estimation of aggregate size distribution, nature and effect of aggregate distribution (ranging

from coarse aggregate to filler) on the response of asphalt mix etc. will be presented.



Minimizing Highway Alignment Cost by Optimizing Horizontal Curve

Radius

M.B. Sushma1, Avijit Maji2

Abstract

In practice, the task of designing the horizontal alignment of a highway is done manually based

on experience and engineering judgement. As a result, the work is both time and resource

consuming and relies heavily on human expertise. This paper presents a general formulation

for optimization of horizontal alignment, composed of tangential segments and circular curves.

It consists of a constrained optimization problem where the objective function is to minimize

the overall cost of the horizontal alignment. These constraints are imposed by curvatures,

geometric guidelines, the presence of inaccessible regions, etc. In addition to construction

costs, facts considered by this model also include highway geometric code requirements. The

paper mainly focuses on fitting the curves with appropriate radius between the tangential

sections obtained by connecting the optimum set of point of intersections (PIs). The available

methods consider radius of the curves as a constant value, which also acts as a constraint while

developing an optimal alignment. Application of the model to a real-world study area is also

presented in this paper, along with a comparative study with AutoCAD Civil-3D.

Keywords: Geometric design, Horizontal alignment, Horizontal radius, Sequential Quadratic

Optimization, Non-linear optimization

_________________________

1. Research Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India

2. Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India





Effect of traffic composition on capacity of two-way two-lane, roads under

mix traffic condition

R P G K S Rajapaksha1, J M S J Bandara2

Abstract

Traffic performance of a road section is expressed in terms of Level of Service (LOS). The

Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) developed by the Transportation Research Board of the

National Academies of Science in the United States provides procedures to determine LOS

based on analysis of capacity of a road. It divides the quality of flow into six levels ranging

from level A to F. These definitions of quality are based on measures of effectiveness of the

road which include speed, travel-time, density and delay.

Road development authorities in Sri Lanka are adopting the methodologies given in the HCM

due to the lack of guidelines specific for the country. However, the HCM methodologies may

not depict the correct traffic performance of roads owing to the nature of the mix of vehicle

types in the traffic stream, the lack of lane discipline and irregular road side activities. This

may lead to incorrect decisions in planning, designing, maintenance, rehabilitation, and

operation of roads. Therefore, it is necessary to study traffic performance in Sri Lanka, and to

evaluate the transferability of methods used in other similar countries in order to develop

appropriate and applicable approach to mix traffic Condition. Subsequently, in order to

evaluate traffic performance, it is important to study about operational characteristics of traffic

stream. In a pilot study under this work, capacity of a road was found to be affected by the

traffic composition and control condition. Therefore, characteristics of vehicle composition in

different capacities have been considered and study was focused to two way-two lane roads.

Different size, power, and maneuverability performance of vehicles cause significant level of

friction to the movement of other vehicles in a mix traffic stream. For an example, in a high

traffic volume stream, a large proportion of motorized two wheelers and three wheelers are

able to move with speeds closer to their free speeds due to the ability of utilizing smaller gaps

in the traffic stream, while the large-size vehicles are subjected to significant speed reduction.

Characteristics of fundamental traffic flow parameters (Speed, Density and Flow) in traffic

streams with different compositions of vehicles were studied. One-Sample Kolmogorov

Smirnov test was performed to check normality of speed of collected data samples under

prevailing conditions and it has shown that speed distribution is significantly deviate from

normality (P-value ≤ 0.05) under different compositions and traffic volumes. It is observed that



speed distribution shows bi-modal distribution in roads which are dominated by two wheelers

and three wheelers. One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) tests was carried for

speed characteristics of group of two wheelers, three wheelers and four wheelers. Null

hypothesis (H0) that there will be no significant difference between different groups of vehicle

speed sample means was rejected with 95% confidence level (P-value ≤ 0.05). Therefore,

vehicle composition has described as separate groups of two wheelers, three wheels and four

wheelers. Modified continuity equation for heterogeneous driver population was used to

calculate densities of traffic streams. Different traffic flow models which were used to model

two-lane traffic flow behavior had been tested under prevailing conditions. Greenshield traffic

flow model has showed strong correction between flow and speed and it was chosen to develop

speed-flow models. Finally, empirical speed – density and speed - flow curves were developed

for different compositions of vehicles in order to evaluate the capacity variations under mix

traffic condition.

Key words: Traffic composition, Capacity, Mix traffic condition, Traffic-flow model

_________________________

1. PhD Research Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa,

Sri Lanka, Email: [email protected]

2. Senior Professor in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of

Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Email: [email protected]



Passing Sight Distance: Adequacy of AASHTO Criteria for Two Lane

Roads in Sri Lanka

Rajamali Masakorala1, W K Mampearachchi2

Abstract

Freedom of overtaking maneuvers on a two-lane highway indicates the Level of Service of that

particular highway according to the Highway Capacity Manual, 2010. Therefore, an adequate

minimum Passing Sight Distance (PSD) would economically increase the percentage of

passing zones, ultimately the highway capacity as well. Initially, American Association of State

Highways Officials (AASHTO) provided a guidance for minimum PSD design criteria for

passenger cars in 1954. Later, more conservative and comprehensive models and concepts were

presented by Lieberman (1982), Glennon (1988), Hassan et al., (1996), and Harwood et al.,

(2008) etc. Typically, the effectiveness of analytical models was evaluated based on the

realization of safe overtaking mechanism with a wide range of human and vehicle related

parameters.

This paper will present an analytical model derived and validated using empirical data for

passenger cars and evaluation of the suitability of AASHTO and proposed model for local

traffic conditions. The filed investigation was done using two test vehicles and a GPS data

logger, on selected A & B class highways in Western and Southern Provinces of the country.

The modal basis – idealized overtaking maneuver – was developed with field observations and

consequently validated with empirical data. When compared to the resultant PSD values with

AASHTO, new model clearly presented significantly conservative values than AASHTO for

design speeds less than 80km/h. To evaluate both models for safety, a reliability index was

calculated relevant to the actual PSD demand on local highways. According to the results

reliability of AASHTO model extremely depreciated with increasing design speed while new

model reach to a constant value at around 60km/h. Therefore, as a conclusion the adaptation of

AASHTO guidelines for highway design purposes can be justifiable and recommended for Sri

Lanka for design speeds less than 70km/h in the context of safety, but not conservative at lower

design speeds in maximizing capacity of two lane highways.

Key words: GPS, design criteria, reliability index, passenger cars

______________________

1. Post Graduate Student, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka



2. Senior Professor, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Email:

[email protected]

Session 2 Traffic Engineering


Traffic Engineering





Session Keynote 2:

Prof. P. Vedagiri

Associate Professor


Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, India

Dr. P. Vedagiri is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian

Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, India. His research interests include Traffic Safety,

Mixed Traffic Flow Modelling and Simulation, Traffic Monitoring Management and Control,

Traffic Impact Assessment, Pedestrian Flow Modelling, facility design. Dr. Vedagiri has over

29 International Journal publications and 60 International Conference publications within his

long list of published work. Dr. Vedagiri was awarded with the IIT Bombay Young Investigator

Award in 2013. He also received the Certificate of Most excellent orally delivered paper, 3rd

International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering (ICTTE 2014), Lisbon,

Portugal among other recognitions. Dr. Vedagiri has acted as reviewer for the Journal of

Transport, Journal of Public Transport, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,

Journal of Advanced Transportation. He has membership in many professional bodies

including Transport Research Board, World Conference on Transportation Research Society,

Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi.



Keynote address

Proactive Pedestrian Safety Evaluation using Surrogate Safety Measures

In transportation engineering, the pedestrian safety evaluation is an important aspect. The

safety evaluation using reactive approach (conventional method) requires historical crash data.

This is the main drawback of the reactive approach. Hence more effective and proactive safety

evaluation technique is required. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a surrogate

safety methodology to quantify pedestrian safety at the unsignalized intersection and mid-block

crosswalks under mix traffic condition by using the proximal safety indicator: Post

Encroachment Time (PET) and pedestrian safety margin. For that, the required conflicts were

collected from the video graphic survey conducted at selected facilities in Mumbai. Afterward,

these conflicts were grouped as highly severe conflict, severe conflict, and normal conflict

according to the behavior of the participants of the conflicts (pedestrian & vehicle). For each

type of the vehicle class (3w, 2w, and car) the threshold PET values of each conflict group

(highly severe conflict, severe conflict, and normal conflict) were obtained using Binary

Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. Hence, this study is useful to set threshold values

of the proposed three groups of conflict, and these threshold values can be used to check the

severity of the conflict and safety of pedestrian under non-lane based mix traffic condition



Development of Speed Prediction Model for Horizontal Curves under

Mixed Traffic Conditions

Gourab Sil1, Avijit Maji2

Abstract

Speed is one of the well-known causes for crash. Radius of horizontal curve significantly

affects vehicle speed. Drivers unable to manage speed within a curve can get into accident. The

fatal crash rate in horizontal curve is higher than the straight section. Therefore, safety at

horizontal curve is considered as serious matter of concern. Traditionally, safety is analysed by

speed differentials. The differences in operating speed between successive highway elements

can be used as a measure to evaluate geometric design consistency and safety. Researchers

have studied homogeneous traffic with strong lane discipline to predict vehicle operating speed

in two lane highways. However, Indian traffic operates differently than the one in western

countries due to wide variation in vehicle’s operating and performance characteristics, and

weak lane discipline. However, in India studies to predict operating speed model for four lane

divided road is limited. It motivated authors to develop operating speed prediction model for

four lane divided highway. In this study, car speed data at the center of seven horizontal curves

in a four-lane divided highway have been collected. The 85th percentile speeds at five sites are

analysed to develop a linear speed prediction model for car. The developed model depends on

curve radius and is validated at two different sites. Results show that I-value is lesser than 0.2,

which confirms the applicability of the developed model.

Keywords: Car speed; Horizontal curve; Speed prediction model; Weak lane discipline; mixed

traffic flow.

________________________

1. Research Scholar, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India, Email: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India, Email:

[email protected]





Application of fuzzy regression methodology in transportation engineering

S Marisamynathan1, P Vedagiri2

Abstract

Signalized intersection is one of the vital components of the entire road network. The

operational conditions of intersections considerably affect the performance of the whole road

network system. The performance level of signalized intersection is measured in terms of Level

of Service (LOS). Existing studies on LOS at signalized intersections are based on conventional

linear regression (CLR) techniques and those models failed to estimate accurate LOS of

signalized intersections due to basic assumptions of CLR methods. This paper explores the

fundamentals of most popular fuzzy linear regression (FLR) techniques and the application of

FLR methods in developing the LOS model at signalized intersections. The proposed

methodology derived in two steps. First step, membership function developed and the fuzzy

input values defuzzified in crisp value by applying the centroid method. Second step, the fuzzy

least square method is applied to develop the required model. The proposed methodology is

applied in Pedestrian LOS model development. Finally, mean absolute percentage error values

are compared between conventional regression and fuzzy regression models and the results

shown that fuzzy regression models provide more precise and reliable solutions. The proposed

new methodology can be used to develop a LOS model in the transportation field.

Keywords: Fuzzy regression model, Fuzzy Least Square, Transportation Engineering, LOS

________________________

1. Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India, Email: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India

mailto:[email protected]





Development of Guidelines for Traffic Signal Coordination for Intersection

Clusters

N K Jayasooriya1, J M S J Bandara2

Abstract

With the ever-increasing traffic congestion, it is needed to initiate sustainable traffic

management solutions. There is a need to establish signal design standards taking in to account

the latest trends in traffic signal development so that there will be consistency in traffic signal

designs and also to make provision to incorporate future coordination and other automation

such as monitoring violations and gathering traffic flow information for real time updates.

More importantly standardization will minimize user confusion and improve safety at traffic

signals and help improving traffic flow and user satisfaction.

The congestion issues that are related to signalized intersections are not only inherent

to a particular intersection, but rather can be a result of the signal arrangements at nearby

intersections. This research identifies the issues with the typical intersection arrangements, and

aims at developing a guideline to be followed for traffic signal designs especially when traffic

signals are to be coordinated intersection clusters.

The necessity of a properly calibrated software for the local condition has been

identified as a key component in related literature. VISSIM traffic simulation software was

calibrated for the Sri Lankan condition after collecting information from more than 10

intersections in and around Colombo. From the video surveys and manual observations

considered, the traffic volumes along with the turning movements, vehicle mix and queue

lengths were obtained and compared with the simulated results with an accuracy of ±10.

With the calibrated VISSIM software, the guidelines to be followed were developed

considering the factors such as; identification of the coordinated phase, determination of

individual signal timings for intersections, determination of phase timings for coordinated &

non-coordinated directions and optimizing the offsets.

The developed guidelines were tested for the Baseline Road intersection cluster and

simulation results shows significant delay reductions over xx% for any approach can be

achieved in the coordinated directions without adversely affecting the non-coordinated

directions.

Keywords: Delays, Traffic Signal Coordination, Intersection Clusters

________________________




Sri Lanka, Email: [email protected]

2. Senior Professor in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of


Session 3 Pavement Maintenance


Pavement Maintenance





Session Keynote 3:

Prof. Ankit Gupta

Assistant Professor, Transportation Engineering Section,

Civil Engineering Department, IIT (BHU) Varanasi

221005

Email: [email protected]

Dr. Ankit Gupta is working as Assistant Professor in Transportation Engineering Section, Civil

Engineering Department of IIT (BHU) Varanasi. He has more than 8 years of academics and

research experience. His expertise is in the area of Pavement Maintenance and Performance

Modeling, Highway Engineering and Design and Traffic Engineering. He has obtained his

Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India in 2012. He has published more than

80 research papers in various Journals and Conferences of repute. Dr. Ankit Gupta holds

membership of various International/National technical bodies. He is an Associate Member of

ASCE, Member World Conference of Transport Research Society, Life Member of Indian

Roads Congress, Life Member of IGS, Member of International Society of Concrete

Pavements, etc. He is working on various projects related to Pavements and Traffic. He has

been awarded with various prestigious awards by DST (Department of Science and

Technology, india), INSA (Indian National Science Academy), etc.



Keynote address

Performance evaluation and design criteria for low volume roads

Low volume rural roads comprise 80% of the total road length in India. Design of these

pavements is done using an empirical approach with subgrade California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

as the main input as per IRC:SP:20 (2002) and IRC:SP:72 (2007). The empirical procedures

are generally valid for the conditions addressed in the original study and have a tendency to

introduce a level of uncertainty when extrapolated to other conditions. Rational design of low

volume roads in India requires the development of performance evaluation criteria. For this

purpose, this study was taken up with 20 selected road test sections in the northern part of India

to gather experience on the performance of such roads under varying subgrade and traffic

conditions and to develop a mechanistic-empirical performance criterion for low volume roads.

The selection of the roads built under Prime Minister’s rural connectivity programme was done

based on various criteria. On the whole, twenty road sections were identified. Structural and

functional evaluation of pavements was carried out periodically. Laboratory investigations

were carried out for the material which was collected from the test pit evaluation on the test

sections. Pavement responses (like vertical subgrade stress, vertical subgrade strain and surface

deflections) were obtained from the Finite Element (FE) analysis of the 3-D model developed

in the present study. Analysis was done considering the material to behave linearly and

nonlinearly.

The pavements of the selected test sections were analyzed using three-dimensional finite

element model that accounts for the nonlinear behavior of unbound pavement materials. A

mechanistic-empirical performance criterion was developed correlating the pavement life with

vertical subgrade strain. Thickness design charts were prepared based on the subgrade strain

criterion developed in the present study for the granular pavements with thin surfacing. The

thickness obtained from this chart was compared with the chart given in IRC:SP:20 (2002) and

IRC:SP:72 (2007).



Influence of Nanoclay and Carbon Nano Tube on High Temperature

Performance Grade and Rutting Performance of Asphalt Binder

Prabin Kumar Ashish1, Dharamveer Singh2

Abstract

The present study evauated effects of nanoclay and Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) on high

temperature Performance Grade (PG) and rutting performance of asphalt binder using

Superpave rutting parameter and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test. The Control

binder (VG-10) was blended with 4% nanoclay and 0.75% CNT, and has been termed as

Control+4%nanoclay, and Control+0.75%CNT binders in the study. The results showed that

addition of both nanoclay and CNT increased stiffness and high temperature PG of Control

binder. The results from MSCR test showed that Control binder after addition of nanoclay and

CNT increased Recovery (%R) value and decreased non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr).

Stress sensitivity of Control binder did not change after addition of nanoclay and CNT. The

results showed that addition of nanoclay and CNT may help in improving the rutting resistivity

potential of asphalt binder.

Keywords: Asphalt binder, Nanoclay, Carbon Nano Tube (CNT), Rutting, Recovery, non-

recoverable creep compliance (Jnr), Stress sensitivity.

________________________


2. Assistant Professor Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India





Development of Urban Road Maintenance Management System Using

Distress Models of HDM-4

Chopra Tanuj1, Kamotra Sahil 2, Parida Manoranjan3, Kwatra Naveen4

Abstract

Pavement maintenance management systems are to be developed for the urban road networks

for low to medium size cities in India. The study shows the results of progression of roughness

of a major secondary road of a Patiala urban road network from Dukhnivarin Sahib Gurudwara

to Nabha road with various alternative options and the intervention criteria’s are decided in

such a manner to keep this road within the serviceability level 2 of roughness i.e. IRI of 4 m/km

throughout the analysis period of 15 years as per the guidelines of Ministry of Road Transport

& Highways for maintenance management of primary, secondary & urban roads. Survey was

conducted in order to build up the inventory data base & pavement condition was assessed

using Bump Integrator and Benkelman Beam equipment. Pavement Maintenance and

Management System was used for technical & economic analysis purpose. Different

calibration factors were used on various distress models of HDM -4 in order to facilitate more

steady and reasonable prediction of the road network for local conditions. The calibration

factors were chosen on the basis of roughness close to actual measured value of roughness.

Also, the comparison between scheduled and responsive criteria’s is done for knowing the

effectiveness of the strategies. The purpose of present study is useful for the sound decision

making and for in time allotting of funds in order to enhance & maintain certain level of

serviceability throughout the analysis period.

Keywords: pavement maintenance management system, roughness, international roughness

index, level of serviceability.

________________________

1. Chopra Tanuj, Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala,

India, Email: [email protected]

2. Kamotra Sahil, PG Research Student, Civil Infrastructure Engineering, Thapar

University, Patiala, India.

3. Parida Manoranjan, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

(IIT), Roorkee, India.

4. Kwatra Naveen, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University,

Patiala.





Effect of aggregate surface texture, aggregate shape and vibration

frequency on packing density of binary aggregate mixtures.

Chamod Hettiarachchi1 and W K Mampearachchi2

Abstract

Packing of aggregates is one of the key parameters that affects the quality of concrete. When

aggregates are properly packed, the volume of voids between aggregates reduces greatly.

Lesser the voids, higher the density of concrete. Another advantage of low volume of voids is

the amount of cement paste that occupies voids is less. Hence more economical yet superior

concrete can be produced. The process of producing denser aggregate mixes by selecting

suitable aggregate parameters is called packing optimization. Researchers have been trying to

find a suitable theoretical model to predict the optimum aggregate combination that produces

highest packing density to optimize concrete mixes. But aggregate packing is a complex

process which involves number of factors such as aggregate surface texture, shape of aggregate,

method of compaction etc. Hence the development of a theoretical packing model using all of

these variables is a complex process.

Earlier models are developed using basic assumptions like spherical, smooth particles with

little or no compaction effort. But the models predicted packing densities were not in tally with

the actual packing densities of the mixtures. Therefore, researchers tend to account physical

properties of particles and method of compaction into these basic models in order to develop

more realistic theoretical packing models. Most packing models have tried to incorporate one

or two variables in their model to predict the packing density of binary or ternary mixture of

particle sizes. De larrad (2002) incorporated compaction method in his packing model

(Compressible packing model). Kwan and Mora (2001) tried to find the relationship between

particle shape parameters and packing density.

The study focuses on finding relationships between aggregate surface texture, Vibration

frequency, as well as aggregate shape parameters with packing density of aggregate mixtures

of two particle sizes. Each parameter was isolated and varied to determine the packing density

of the mixture while keeping all other factors constant. The study reveals that the frequency of

vibration, surface texture of particles has a correlation with packing density of mixtures. Study

further developed relationships between each factor on packing density. Findings of this



research will be helpful to develop more accurate packing models incorporating vibration

frequency, aggregate surface texture as well as aggregate shape

Keywords: aggregate surface texture, Vibration frequency, packing density and binary

aggregate mixtures

________________________

1. Post Graduate Student, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Email:[email protected]

2. Professor, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Email: [email protected]



Investigation of Marshall characteristics & durability of glass powder incorporated

dense-graded asphalt

Jayvant Choudhary1, Brind Kumar2, Ankit Gupta3*

Abstract:

Asphalt concrete is one the most widely used paving mix and its durability is a key issue with

regards to long term pavement performance. The cantabro durability test is one of the most

practical and implementable test used to assess the durability of open graded asphalt mixes.

However, previous studies have validated its superior viability in dense graded mixes as well.

The durability as well as performance of asphaltic mixes is widely dependent on the nature and

quantity of mineral filler. This study identifies the effect of incorporating waste glass powder

as mineral filler over the Marshall Properties and durability of dense graded asphalt concrete

mix. A suitable number of trail mixes were designed as Marshall mix design method having

stone dust as conventional filler and glass powder as alternative filler. At optimum binder

contents of both mixes, Cantabro durability tests were performed to measure their durability

against raveling. It was observed that, although glass powder improve the Marshall properties

of asphalt concrete mixes as compared to conventional filler, however, it also impaired the

durability of same mixes against raveling.

Keywords: Glass; Filler; Cantabro test; Durability; Ravelling.

________________________

1. Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

(Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India - 221005, Email: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology


3. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology


*(Corresponding author)



Session 4 Safety and Public transport


Safety and Public Transport





Session Keynote 4:

Prof. Sunanda Dissanayake

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering

Kansas State University

Dr. Sunanda Dissanayake is a tenured full professor and Graduate Program Director (GPD) at

the department of civil engineering at Kansas State University (KSU), where she has been since

2002. Over the last 15 years at KSU, she has maintained a highly active research program while

serving as the PI and Co-PI of more than 55 externally funded research projects related to

transportation engineering. She has published extensively and presented at numerous national,

international, and regional conferences, most of which are proceedings papers. She is highly

active in several professional societies, a member of two journal editorial boards, a member of

two TRB technical committees, and the chair of the national level Transportation Safety

Committee of ASCE. She has won the Outstanding University and Professional Service Award,

Advisor of the Year Award, Outstanding Teacher Award, and Outstanding Researcher Award

at KSU several times. She has been a Fulbright scholar for her sabbatical in 2011, served as a

Fulbright peer reviewer, and was recently appointed as a high-end foreign expert in traffic

safety and as a member of the First Advisory Board for Joint International Research Lab of

Transportation Safety at Tongji University in China. As the GPD in Civil Engineering at KSU,

Dr. Dissanayake oversees all activities related to the fast growing graduate program, which

includes recruitment, graduate applications, admissions, Programs of Study, and all other

matters related to currently enrolled graduate students. She has recently been recognized as an

ASCE Fellow which is an honor held by fewer than 3.5 percent of society members.



Keynote address

Safety Effectiveness of Paved Shoulders and Rumble Strips on Two-Lane

and Four-Lane Highways

This research was conducted to evaluate the safety effectiveness of two commonly used lane

departure countermeasures, paved shoulders and rumble strips by estimating Crash

Modification Factors (CMFs). Since the majority of lane departure crashes are on rural two-

lane undivided and four-lane divided road segments, CMFs were estimated for those types of

facilities using data for Kansas, by treating tangent and curved sections separately. Since the

dates of implementation of the countermeasures were not easy to be found, the cross-sectional

method was used to estimate the CMFs. Generalized linear regression models were used

assuming Negative Binomial error distribution. Two models each were developed for two-lane,

and four-lane roads using all lane departure crashes and fatal & injury lane departure crashes.

The results showed that the centerline rumble strips and both centerline & shoulder rumble

strips have crash reduction effects of 4-6% and 6-14% respectively on two-lane roads. Shoulder

rumble strips showed a crash reduction effect of 4-70% on four-lane roads while having a crash

reduction effect of 5-6% on two-lane roads except all lane departure crashes on two-lane curved

roads. Paved shoulders showed a crash reduction effect of 16-65% on four-lane roads and 5-

13% reduction on two-lane roads except for all crashes on four-lane tangent road segments.

Finally, ranges of CMFs were estimated to identify the variation of safety effectiveness of

considered countermeasures on considered road segments.



Modelling pedestrian crossing behavior through Social force model

S.M. P Siddharth1 and Vedagiri Perumal2

Abstract

Social force model (SFM), a microscopic model, is an effective method in modeling pedestrian

walking behavior. Social force model assumes that the walking behavior of pedestrian is

influenced by a series of forces. Modeling Pedestrian-vehicular interactions using social forces

model is in very nascent stage especially for mixed traffic conditions. Very few studies have

modeled signalized crosswalk with permitted left turning vehicles which interact with

pedestrians. Authors also have not found any social force models for midblock crossings which

is a very important pedestrian facility from safety point of view. Hence there is a need for

vehicular social force model and gap acceptance model which will help in modeling

crosswalks. The objective of this study is to create a pedestrian-vehicular Social force model

which can simulate pedestrians as well as vehicles and their interactions for intersection as well

as midblock crossings with modifications to represent mixed traffic conditions. The proposed

model has a pedestrian SFM component, Vehicular SFM component Pedestrian Gap

acceptance model which is introduced. Also, the Pedestrian-Vehicular force is modified by

adding a new factor to model the difference in forces exerted by different type of vehicles.

Keywords: Social force model, Intersections, Midblock Crossings, Mixed Traffic conditions

________________________


2. Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India





Development of logit model for estimating helmet usage in developing

countries

Marisamynathan S1, Vedagiri P2 ,Shivam Gupta3

Abstract

In Mumbai, one of the major cities in India, the total number of accidents including fatal,

serious, slight and minor road accidents has risen by 766 cases in 2015 as compared to the

previous year. The year 2015 has recorded the most deaths for people traveling on a motorcycle

and also shows that the number of pillion riders who have died has been the highest at this year.

Two-wheeler driver and pillion riders will now have to wear helmets in Maharashtra with the

state Transport department on February 2016 issuing a circular to this effect as per the orders

of the Bombay High Court. Thus, the study objective is to evaluate the effect of a mandatory

motorcycle helmet law on helmet usage, injury, and fatalities among motorcyclists involved

crash in Mumbai, India. The required data were collected in two different time frames before

and after the helmet mandatory law at selected ten study locations in Mumbai, India during

May to June 2015 and 2016 respectively. From the field survey, a total of 28,209 and 37,245

samples was collected during 2015 and 2016 respectively. This study was performed the

statistical analysis of the impact of the state strict law of helmet usage before and after the law

and it found that the helmet doesn’t use decreased from 32.8% in 2015 to 16.5% in 2016. In

addition, this study was performed the Pearsons correlation and analysis of variance tests for

identifying the impact of each variable of helmet usage behavior and personal characteristics

with helmet usage. Finally, binary logit model was developed and validated to estimate the

probabilities of two-wheeler driver wearing the helmet. These study findings strongly suggest

that increased helmet use through strict helmet usage law would decrease the number of

motorcyclist injuries in the Mumbai, India.

Keywords: Helmet usage, Logit model, Statistics, Safety, Accidents.

_______________________


2. Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India

3. Assistant Scientist, Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Maryland,

USA





Evaluating level of passenger satisfaction of public bus transportation

systems in Sri Lanka. Case study: Colombo to Kesbewa

Ishani M. Dias1, Sachin A. Fernando2

Abstract

Traffic congestion has become a major problem in our road system. It is mainly due to the daily

increment of the number vehicles, where the road networks cannot handle the burden of the

increasing number of vehicles. The most common solution for the high traffic condition is to

broaden the roadways, but it cannot assist the increased number vehicles. Public transportation

can be considered as one of the main solutions for the traffic congestion, since it can reduce

the number of private vehicles on the road. However, the commuters have a negative attitude

towards public bus transportation. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to determine

the attributes that affects the customer satisfaction and to determine the level of satisfaction of

the customers. A questionnaire was developed inquiring to grade the level of importance and

the level of satisfaction for 14 attributes, from a scale of 1 – 10. The data for the study were

gathered by distributing 92 questionnaires among the bus passengers on Colombo – Kesbawa

bus route. Eighty-four questionnaires were used to analyze. Then, the data was analyzed using

Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Heterogeneous Customer Satisfaction Index (HCSI).

Also, data from male and female respondents were separately analyzed. From the calculations,

it received a CSI value of 5.01 and a HCSI value of 5.12, and almost similar CSI and HCSI

values were obtained when the data of male responses and female responses were separately

analyzed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the passengers have a moderate satisfaction level

about the Colombo – Kesbawa bus service. The respondents were satisfied about the

availability of seats, distance between bus stops and the bus route respectively. Also, the

commuter sample was dissatisfied about the travel time, responses to the complaints made

about the bus service and the crowding of the buses. Authors would like to point out that the

level of satisfaction of passengers is a relative measurement and if they would have experienced

higher quality facilities available internationally, their perception regarding the quality of life

would change. Also, by general discussion, it seems these people have no other choice than

opting the buses as their commuter medium. Limitation of this study can be recognized as this

sample mainly consisted of seated passengers and passengers who joined mid-way in the route

are under-represented. A future study can improve the questionnaire in a way to capture the

options/choices available to the passengers, such as a railway line.



Keywords: Public transportation, Customer Satisfaction Index, Heterogeneous Customer

Satisfaction Index, Bus passengers

_______________________

1. Senior lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir

John Kotelawala University, Email: [email protected]

2. Final year Civil Engineering Undergraduate, Department of Civil Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala University, Email:

[email protected]



Session 5 Highway Material


Highway Material





Session Keynote 5:

Prof. Dharamveer Singh

Assistant Professor


Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,India

Dr. Dharamveer Singh is an Assistant Professor at Department of Civil Engineering in Indian

Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, India. Dr. Singh did Master of Technology (M.Tech)

in Transportation Engineering from IIT Kharagpur (India). He obtained Ph.D. in Civil

Engineering from University of Oklahoma, USA. His research interests include pavement

materials, asphalt binder rheology, performance characterization of asphalt mixes, recycling of

asphalt mixes, and warm mix technology. Dr. Singh is closely associated with several

professional organizations such as life member of Indian Roads Congress (IRC), Institute of

Urban Transport (India), ASCE, and ASTM. He is an Associate Editor of Innovative

Infrastructure solutions, Springer Publisher, and Editorial Board member of International

Journal of Pavement Research and Technology (IJPRT). Dr. Singh has published over 30

referred international journal papers, 30 international conference papers and 12 technical

reports. He is a member of H-6 Committee on Road Maintenance and Asset Management,

Indian Road Congress. Dr. Singh has been reviewer of ASCE, ASTM, IJPE, Elsevier, IJPRT

journals.



Keynote address

Understand Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Binder-Aggregate System

Using Surface Free Energy Approach

Moisture sensitivity is defined as loss of strength and durability of asphalt mixes in presence

of water. The adhesion failure occurs in asphalt mixes mainly due to loss in bonding between

asphalt binder and aggregates, while cohesive failure causes because of loss of bonding within

asphalt binder. A good bond between aggregate and asphalt binder can result in moisture

resistant asphalt mixes. The bonding between aggregate and asphalt binder depends on type,

source, chemical composition, and surface chemistry of these materials. Usually laboratory

empirical tests namely, boiling water test, static immersion test, and retained indirect tensile

strength tests are conducted to evaluate stripping potential of aggregates and asphalt binder.

However, none of these tests provide insight into the effects of surface chemistry of the

materials on their bonding behavior. The bonding of aggregate-asphalt binders depends on their

surface free energy (SFE) characteristics. The SFE concept is mechanistic approach explains

the failure mechanism based on fundamental thermodynamic properties of the asphalt binder

and aggregate. The surface free energy components: Lifshitz-van der Waals component (γLW),

Lewis acid component (γ+), and Lewis base component (γˉ) of aggregates and asphalt binder

are determined in the laboratory, commonly by universal sorption device (USD) and Wilhelmy

plate method, respectively. Recently many researchers reported that SFE concept might be

applied successfully to quantify the moisture-induced damage of asphalt mixes in terms of

adhesion energy, cohesion energy and energy ratio. The present talk gives understanding on

compatibility of aggregate-asphalt binder system using SFE concept. In addition, effects of

aggregates source on moisture damage potential of asphalt mixes will be presented. The SFE

components of AC30 asphalt binder and two aggregates (limestone and granite aggregates) for

two different sources (Source 1 and Source 2) are considered in this presentation. The work of

adhesion and work of debonding of all combination of aggregate-asphalt binder system are

evaluated based on SFE parameters Thereafter, compatibility of aggregate-asphalt binder

system was estimated based on energy ratio (ER).



Cost Effectiveness of Stone Crushers in Pune and Quality Management of

Aggregates

Shreyas Patil1, M S Ranadive2

Abstract

Stone Crushing Industry is a significant industrial sector in India which is engaged in producing

crushed stones called aggregates; which acts as raw material for various construction activities like

construction of roads, buildings, dams and other structures. Thus, the durability of such structures

depends primarily on the quality of materials used in the construction. Hence there is a need to

verify the quality of aggregates and understand the risks related to its production at crusher plants.

The study has been undertaken to classify and compare stone crushers in the vicinity of Pune city.

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of crushers, various economics tools like break-even analysis,

benefit-cost ratio are used. The study also covered other aspects related to crusher industry like

labour management, safety management, productivity measurement, process improvement,

environmental impacts of crushers. A detail questionnaire based survey has been done and analyzed

to determine various critical risks and probable effective solutions related to crusher plants. The

aggregates produced from various stone crushers were tested in the laboratory for the investigation

of their quality. Physical, mechanical, chemical properties were determined along with the

evaluation of impurities in the aggregate samples. Based on the results the quality of the aggregates

was analyzed and compared using various statistical tools. The most suitable sample of aggregates

to be used for construction in Pune region is chosen considering quality control standards for

aggregates. Thus, this comprehensive study covers various aspects related to Stone Crushing

Industry that helps in the feasibility analysis, resources planning, human resource management,

operational improvements and quality management of crushers.

Keywords: Crushers, Productivity, Economics, Quality, Testing of Aggregates

________________________

1. M. Tech Student, College of Engineering, Pune, India

2. Associate Professor, College of Engineering, Pune. India





Effect of Marble Dust in Subgrade Soils on the Fatigue and Rutting

Characteristics of the Flexible Pavement

Moudgil Shubham 1, Chopra Tanuj 2, Pathak Rajesh3

Abstract

Harnessing of industrial waste for improvement of soils is economical and efficient. It helps in

enhancing the soil properties and overcoming the disposal problem. Therefore, it is essential to

understand the properties of these wastes in order to understand their performance level. In this

study, waste marble dust was added to stabilize the soil which was collected from Shambu

Kalan, Punjab. This soil was classified as CL based on Indian Standard Classification system

(ISCS). Marble dust was added at 10%,15%,20% and 25% by weight of soil. Index properties

like liquid limit, plastic limit was determined at different percentages of marble dust specified

above. Similarly, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)

was calculated at Optimum Moisture Content which was determined by Proctor test for the

modified soil. Observations based on tests specified above showed 20% of waste marble dust

to be optimum for strengthening of the parent soil. Resilient Modulus was calculated afterwards

for the subgrade using equations specified by Heukelom and Klomp, Thompson and Robnett,

Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Erdem Çöleri. Based on the results obtained,

pavement thickness was determined for designing flexible pavement section as per IRC 37-

2012 using IITPAVE. Design was done considering the horizontal tensile strain and vertical

compressive strain at the bottom of bituminous base and at top of subgrade, responsible for

fatigue and rutting of pavements.

Key Words: Marble Dust, CBR, UCS, Resilient Modulus, IITPAVE

________________________

1. Moudgil Shubham, PG Research Student, ME Civil Infrastructure Engineering, Thapar

University, Patiala, Email: [email protected]

2. 1Chopra Tanuj, Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala,


3. 1Pathak Rajesh, Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala,









Evaluation of water absorption characteristics of internal curing concrete

aggregate with respect to the processing temperature of expanded clay

types

M M H W Bandara1, W K Wasantha Mampearachchi2

Abstract

The increase of the new technological development of any country may lead to introduce fast

and sustainable construction techniques and materials. Internal curing is one of a revolutionary

curing process which has more advantages than the conventional curing process. Internal

Curing can supply extra water throughout the concrete mixture in order to complete the cement

hydration process. This can be done by using lightweight aggregate which replaces some of

the normal and conventional aggregate in the concrete mixture. Water that absorbed inside

expanded lightweight aggregate can provide additional water throughout the concrete mixture

for curing process. This method can be effectively used for concrete road and related

infrastructure construction since the traditional curing methods have some inherent limitations

in using road infrastructure construction.

Expanded clays can be used to produce suitable aggregates for internal curing. So, heating

temperature is a critical parameter in the production of suitable ICC aggregate using expanded

clay. Water absorption and desorption are the main requirements of internal curing.

This research is mainly focused on selecting suitable heating temperature which gives and

optimum water absorption. It includes the selection of suitable expanded clay type to produce

ICA. Different clay samples were studied to build a relationship between heating temperature

and water absorption. Clay samples were prepared using a mold and that clay samples were

heated at various temperatures (in the range of 800 oC to 1300 oC). Heated clay samples were

analyzed through the laboratory tests. The bloating coefficient of the clay samples were varied

from 1.0 to 2.2. Higher temperature has the higher bloating coefficient but at 1300oC the clay

samples were begun to melt due to the phase change of the structure of clay molecules. Higher

water absorption values are experienced before the phase change of the clay molecules.

Key Words: (ICC) internally curing concrete, (ICA) internally curing aggregate.

________________________


Sri Lanka.



2. Professor in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of


Session 6 Infrastructure systems


Infrastructure Systems





Session Keynote 6:

Dr.Joshua M. Taron

Associate Professor of architecture

University of Calgary

Canada

Dr.Joshua M. Taron is an Associate Professor of architecture at the University of Calgary’s

Faculty of Environmental Design where he co-directs the Laboratory for Integrative Design

(LID). His current research focuses on the way in which buildings mediate the way various

infrastructural systems experience one another - making use of new modes of drawing,

modeling, simulation, fabrication and construction to yield new performative effects. This

work is done in partnership with a variety of disciplines such as computer science, structural

engineering, waste management, and transportation engineering. His work has been published

internationally and orients itself toward finding new ways of revitalizing and sustaining the

already-built environment. He earned his undergraduate degree in architecture from the

University of California, Berkeley and holds a Master of Architecture degree from the Southern

California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc).





Keynote address

Mapping the Relationship between Modular Building Construction and

Transportation Infrastructure

V Y J Bandara1, J Taron2, G Assef3, L Kattan4

Abstract

Currently, modular building construction (MBC) is gaining in popularity as an alternative to

conventional on-site building construction (CBC). While the appearance of modular buildings

is most often indistinguishable from conventionally constructed buildings, their interaction

with other key infrastructural systems such as transportation, energy, water and waste

management, varies greatly; however, very little if any research exists on the matter. Thus,

understanding these interactions and quantifying the impacts are essential to identify ways to

minimize their negative externalities. Conversely, it would be useful to understand how

transportation infrastructure can be adapted such that it positively impacts the trend toward

MBC.

The objective of this study is to identify opportunities to understand the interactions between

MBC and transportation infrastructure to provide a framework for future research that can

support a positive relationship between these two inherently integrated infrastructural systems.

To achieve this objective, a 2-part literature review was conducted that maps the infrastructural

systems impacted by MBC with an emphasis on transportation systems. The first section of the

literature review focused on various published material on MBC methods, through which the

impacts of MBC on transportation system and vice versa were identified. The analysis of this

section pointed to instances of MBC which reduces the negative impact on transportation

systems due to building construction such as the reduced transportation requirements of labor,

site-overheads, and construction equipment to and from the site. Similarly, it also pointed to

instances where MBC presents challenges to the transportation system compared to CBC such

as the requirement of transporting large prefabricated building components. The second section

reviews existing life cycle impact assessments of MBC methods, through which the overall

impact of MBC on the transportation infrastructure system was mapped.

Key words: Modular building construction, conventional on-site building construction

________________________

1. Graduate Student, University of Calgary, Email: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, University of Calgary, Email:[email protected]





3. Associate Professor, University of Calgary, Email:[email protected]

4. Associate Professor, University of Calgary, Email: [email protected]





Risk Management and Site Layout Optimization of Ready Mix Concrete

Plants

Saurabh Zunzunwala1, M S Ranadive2

Abstract

Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) industry is rapidly growing in India. With the increase in

infrastructure projects the use of concrete increases exponentially and so the RMC industry.

All public and government projects are going for the use of RMC rather than traditional

concrete manufacturing techniques. At present, nearly 6 million cubic meter RMC per month

(72 million cubic meters per year) is produced by commercial plants in India. RMC industries

are subjected to many risks like other industries. Also, not much importance is given for site

layout optimization of RMC plants. With tremendous increase in land cost, site layout

optimization should be given prime importance. If risk and optimization in RMC plants are

effectively managed then RMC industry will achieve higher profit margins. As per the ICI

Journal August 2016 issue, improving the efficiency by 10% in concrete production at RMC

could save approximately $350m (Rs.2400crores) per year. This paper proposes an overall

improvement of RMC industry by effectively managing risks that arises in the plants and its

site layout optimization.

Keywords: Ready mix concrete, risk, site optimization, statistical tools

________________________

1. M. Tech Student, College of Engineering, Pune, India

2. Associate Professor, College of Engineering, Pune, India





Classification of Man and Women Home Based Travel Behaviours at Bus

to Bus Transits in Colombo

Saman Widanapathiranage1

Abstract

Men and women travel behaviours are different during the journey to work from their home.

Men travel more length of travel and tend to work more days in a week than that of women.

Study on men and women travellers’ behaviour at transit is important since it reveals the

demand of passenger attraction and generation of bus travels, the nature of transit travels that

it temporal or permanent, directions of travel demands start from and to end, purposes of travel,

modes of travel to reach the transit and to leave, and choice of the travel routes etc. These

details can be used for bus route planning and scheduling works.

The study conducted at selected bus passenger transit towns in Colombo Metropolitan Area

(CMA). These are categorized in to three transport zones such as; Zone 1: Colombo city limits

area, Zone 2: Colombo peripheral area, and Zone 3: Colombo suburban area with considering

the number of plying bus routes per square km of area. At each bus to bus transit location, bus

traveller boarding counts were collected for 12-hour bus operational period in a day and

simultaneously, travel behaviour data was collected by interviewing randomly a bus traveller

who waited for a travel at transit during the survey period. The random sample was represented

at 95% level of confidence and the bus traveller age varies between 20 and 50 years. It was

assumed that this category of age represents a majority of employed bus travellers in the study

area.

The survey revealed that about 0.75 million of transit bus travellers travels daily in CMA. Of

them, 53 % of travellers reach to a transit location by bus, 38% by walking and the balance by

a vehicle. The travel origins observed that on average 46% of travellers start journey from

home, 26% from work place, 11% from a social event, 10% from school and 7% from Business.

The travel destinations observed that on average 43% of passengers’ travel to home, 28% to

work place, 13% to a social event, 7% to school and 9% to Business. It also revealed that 65%

of bus travellers create Home Based Worked Trips (HBWT): of them; 69% of men and 31%

of women, and 35% of bus travellers create Non-Home Based Worked Trips (NHBWT): of

them, 55% of men and 45% of women. Finally, it is concluded that men create 21% more bus



transit trips per day on their way to work place than that of women in Colombo Metropolitan

Area.

Keywords: Men and Women Bus Travel, Bus Transit Characteristics, Bus Route Planning

________________________

5. Deputy Director, Road Development Authority, Sri Lanka, Email:

[email protected]



Evolution of Road User Charging and its Future

Loshaka Perera1, Russell G. Thompson2

Abstract

Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover infrastructure

maintenance and capital costs. The range of fees and charges include: import taxes, licence

fees, registration, stamp duty, direct toll charges, congestion levies and fuel taxes. Frequently

these charges are opaque at best and the revenue generated from road users does not always

find its way back to investment in transport facilities. In recent years the fuel tax has been the

most popular method of charging users in many countries. Changing road user behaviour, travel

demands and expectations as well as technology changes all point to the need for alternate

mechanisms for road charging that encompass broader concepts integrating traffic demand

management measures, efficient and sustainable revenue sources that balance economic,

environmental and social considerations. Current charging measures are struggling to meet

these multi-stakeholder multi-objective mechanisms with issues for heavy vehicles (HV) such

as transparency, cross-subsidisation, environmental concerns and reducing revenue due to the

likes of lessening fuel tax as vehicles become more efficient. This all results in insufficient

revenue to cover cost of critically needed infrastructure.

This study reviews the evolution of RUC with more emphasis on heavy vehicles and evaluates

strengths and weaknesses of the present RUC mechanisms implemented in the world with

respect to stakeholder problems and demands of the freight industry. Further, this review

describes and highlights the need for a more appropriate, practical and sustainable approach

which can be used in the future. Promising schemes are also described.

A systems approach is used to analyse the problems, identify key issues, propose a valid

solution and describe the need for improved decision support to determine the level of charging.

A model is proposed that is transparent and considers direct usage based charging addressing

most of the weaknesses highlighted in the models reviewed. Further, it considers externalities

produced by heavy vehicles into account. The model has the potential to provide answers to

key stakeholder issues and will lead to more sustainable freight transport system in future.

Encouraging fuel efficient and safe vehicles or modes of transport, optimization of loading,

routing and logistics systems, and long-term land use planning are a few of them.



Key words: road user charge, heavy vehicles, externalities, city logistics, policy, systems

approach

________________________

1. Ph.D. Candidate, Infrastructure Engineering Department, University of Melbourne,

Australia Email: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, Infrastructure Engineering Department, University of Melbourne,

Australia Email: [email protected]


Poster session


Abstracts – Poster Session

Poster session


Poster session


Traffic speed limit modeling using support vector regression and firefly

algorithm

Saurabh Maheshwari1, Dharamveer Singh2, Musharraf Zaman3, Luther White4

Abstract

Setting traffic speed limits using engineering approaches is highly desirable, however, spot

studies required for such approaches are tedious, subjective and time consuming. In the present

study, 85th percentile speeds were modeled using two machine learning approaches a) Support

Vector Regression, and b) Support Vector Regression (SVR) coupled with the Firefly

Algorithm (FA). The objective of the study is to model traffic speed limits using artificial

intelligence tools and quantify the efficiency of metaheuristic evolutionary algorithms for

optimization. Input parameters, namely, physical characteristics of road, traffic and pavement

condition were used for modeling. Physical characteristics of road included shoulder width,

shoulder type and surface width. The traffic parameters consisted of average daily traffic and

posted speed. Skid number and international roughness index were covered in pavement

condition parameters. Two statistical models (Model 1 and Model 2) were developed for the

prediction of 85th percentile speed. Model 1 consisted of physical characteristics of road,

pavement condition parameters and traffic parameters including posted speed. Model 2

consisted of all the parameters of Model 1 except posted speed. Statistical performance

evaluators like mean absolute relative error, mean square error, coefficient of determination

and over-fitting ratio were used to compare the models. It was observed that the Model 1

outperformed Model 2, conveying the importance of posted speed for accurate prediction of

operating speed. Application of firefly algorithm resulted in improved prediction accuracy with

reduced computational time and manual work, highlighting the need to explore its application

for civil engineering problems.

Keywords: 85th percentile speed, Support Vector Regression, Firefly Algorithm

________________________

1. Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, India,Email:

[email protected]

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, India,Email:

[email protected]

3. Professor, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA, Email: [email protected]


Poster session


Poster session


Effects of Wax Based WMA Additive on Laboratory Performance of

Polymer Modified Binder

Aniket V. Kataware1, Dharamveer Singh2

Abstract

Hot mix asphalt concrete (HMA) is being widely used to construct flexible pavements. The

HMA technology requires temperature in range of 150 to 190˚C, which could cause many

environmental and health issues. Moreover, high temperature oxidizes bitumen and reduces its

design life and long-term performance of pavements. Researchers have reported that warm mix

asphalt (WMA) technology can help in reduction of mixing and compaction temperatures by

20 to 40˚C, and consequently promotes environmental and energy efficient technology for

construction of pavements. There are different types of warm mix additives as organic, wax,

chemical and water based. These additives are mixed with virgin binders to reduce the viscosity

of asphalt binder and felicitate good working conditions by reducing temperature, emissions

and increasing workability. However, concerns have been raised to evaluate moisture, rutting

and fatigue performance of WMA mixes. The less mixing temperature in plant may reduce

aging of a binder, which may result in high amount of rutting in the field. However, limited

studies are available on performance of binders modified with WMA additives. Keeping the

sustainability and energy saving requirements in view, current study aims to evaluate

laboratory performance of polymer modified binder (PMB 40) modified with a wax based

additives. Rutting performance using Superpave rutting parameters (G*/Sinδ), and multi-stress

creep recovery tests (MSCR) were evaluated in the laboratory for WMA modified and PMB

40 binders. It was found that addition of wax additive enhances high temperature grade of a

binder. Also, modification showed improvement in rutting parameter (non-recoverable creep

compliance) of a binder estimated from MSCR test. Overall, it was seen that addition of a wax

based WMA additive results in improving rutting performance.

Keywords: Hot mix asphalt concrete, Flexible pavements, Polymer Modified Binder

________________________

1. Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,

Bombay, India

Poster session


2. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,

Bombay, India (Corresponding author), E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: +91-22-2576-

7304.

Poster session


Angularity of Fine Aggregates Using Digital Image Technique and

Conventional Approach

Bharat Rajan1, Dharamveer Singh2, Gaurav Garg3

Abstract

Fine aggregates are one of prime constitute in asphalt mix design. However, the effect of fine

aggregate morphology (angularity) on asphalt mixtures behaviour is well recognized in

literature. For example, the excessive use of natural fine aggregates (less angular or rounded

shape) over manufactured sand (angular shape) reduce shear strength of mixes and reflect

premature rutting phenomena on asphalt pavements. In the other words, fine aggregate

angularity largely influences particle packing behaviour and ultimately affects stability and

mechanical performance of asphalt mixes. In the present scenario, the fine aggregate shape is

characterized using two well-known approaches. The first is conventional approach defined by

Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) in the early nineties. The conventional approach

measure fine aggregate angularity (FAA) value as the percentage of air voids present in loosely

compacted fine aggregates. The basic underlying principle is that the aggregate with more

number of fractured faces will give higher air voids. However, Superpave system defined the

minimum requirement of FAA is 45 for the use in high traffic pavements. The second approach

uses computer automated Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS) to characterize fine

aggregate shape. AIMS works on digital image technique and measure fine aggregate

angularity in the range of 1 to 10000. In addition, it further classifies the angularity values in

different ranges i.e. low or rounded (1 to 2100), moderate (2100-3975), high (3975-5400) and

extreme or highly angular (5400-10000). The current study measure and compare angularity

of four different sizes, namely FA1 (P2.36-R1.18: passing through 2.36 mm and retaining on

1.18 mm sieve), FA2 (P1.18- 0.600), FA3 (P0.600-R0.300) and FA4 (P0.300-R0.150) of

basaltic type fine aggregates using digital image technique and conventional approach.

Additionally, an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical approach was used to study the

effect of aggregate size on angularity. The result and analysis reveal that both approaches for

angularity measurement were provided different ranking among aggregate sizes. Also, it is

found that measured angularity from both approaches were showing a negative Pearson’s-

correlation coefficient (r) = -0.82, indicating strong negative correlation. The indirect

measurement and associated higher subjectivity of FAA test method may be a probable cause

for negative correlation with digital image technique approach. It is expected that the findings

from the study will add strength to existing research repository. The study may also help over

Poster session


quality control of aggregates. Further, the study will pave the way to adoption of new

technologies over conventional practices

Keywords: Fine Aggregates, Digital Image Technique, Aggregate Image Measurement

System

________________________

1. Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, Mumbai, India, Pin:

400076; E-mail: [email protected]

2. Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, Mumbai, India,

Pin: 400076; Email: [email protected]

3. Undergraduate Student, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, Mumbai,

India, Pin: 400076; Email: [email protected]



Poster session


Analysis of Driver’s Stop/Go Behavior at the yellow onset Under Mixed

Traffic Conditions

Bharat Kumar Pathivada 1, P Vedagiri 2

Abstract

When signal changes from green to yellow at a signalized intersection, often drivers are caught

in two minds, whether to cross the intersection or stop at the stop line. Which might lead to

right angle collision or rear end collision, when a driver makes an erroneous decision. The area

in which the driver is caught in two minds is termed as dilemma zone or indecision zone.

Understanding the driver behaviour within the indecisive zone can help in improving the

efficiency and safety at the intersections. Most of the studies in the literature have investigated

the dilemma zone driving behaviour in homogeneous traffic conditions. Traffic in developing

countries like India is heterogeneous containing various vehicle types, where vehicles vary in

their physical dimensions and dynamic characteristics. Heterogeneity results in the variability

of approach speeds among vehicle types and the acceleration/deceleration capability of the

vehicles. Driver behaviour is much more complex in mixed traffic conditions and the research

findings cannot be transferred/applied directly. This study analyzes the stop/go behaviour of

the drivers at the signalized intersection under mixed traffic conditions from a video based field

study. The study findings will be useful in enhancing the safety and efficiency of the signalized

intersections.

Keywords: Signalized Intersection, Yellow signal, Stop/go Decisions.

________________________

1. Research Scholar, Department of civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

(IIT) Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; E-mail: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, Department of civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology




Poster session


Poster session


Modeling Acceleration Characteristics of Motorized Three-Wheeler

Bharat Kumar Pathivada 1, P Vedagiri2

Abstract

Modeling acceleration characteristics of vehicles is one of the important aspect in traffic

engineering which has a significant impact on various design elements such as Length of

acceleration lanes, ramp way design, vehicular emmision and fuel consumption models, etc.

Most of the acceleration models in the literature have been developed for passenger car but

vehicles differ in performance to accelerate due to their varying physical dimensions and

dynamic characteristics. Motorized three-wheeler is one of the most commonly found vehicle

type in developing countries like India, which is used as an Intermediate public transport. The

entire acceleration process of the motorized three wheelers have been captured using a GPS

based performance box at near free flow conditions. Acceleration rates of the motorized three

wheelers were found higher at lower speeds and lower at higher speeds and the maximum

acceleration was in range of 1.88 m/s2 to 2.08 m/s2. This study has proposed an exponential

model to describe the acceleration behaviour of a motorized three-wheeler. The application of

the developed model can help in better traffic operation and management and will yield realistic

vehicle behavior in simulations, when used in micro-simulation software’s.

Keywords: Acceleration behaviour, Motorized three-wheeler.

________________________

1. Research Scholar, Department of civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology


2. Associate Professor, Department of civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology




Poster session


Poster session


Advanced Tool for Accurate Pavement Distress Measurement and

Evaluations

Sarfaraz Ahmed1*; P Vedagiri2, K V Krishna Rao3

Abstract

Pavement distress information is needed to assess maintenance requirements. Many traditional

systems adopted time consuming manual operations to evaluate pavement surface distresses.

To improve this method, a small network of about 73 km was prepared for a selected region of

Mumbai city, India using global positioning system. From this selected study area twenty-eight

sections are chosen for data collection. Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) has been chosen over

visual survey method to accurately measure surface area of distresses such as: pothole, alligator

cracking, patching and ravelling. TLS is a high definition-surveying instrument that works on

the principle of Laser Scanning. Scans were conducted on the selected sections using a Leica

ScanStation C10 to capture the images of the above mentioned surface distresses, point density,

number and layout of targets, and survey method for establishing control points. The Scan

Station C10 quickly digitizes a scene in 3D forever using both panoramic photography and 3D

laser scanning, where millions of data point digitising accurately in a few minutes. Typical

target arrangements were not found to greatly affect the resulting scan data for the equipment

used in the study. The scan images of individual distress are processed in Cyclone software,

readily available within the instrument, and measured surface area of these distresses after

cleaning registered point cloud. Straight edge has been used to measure rutting. In this paper

surface area of these distresses were analysed using subjective rating method called road

condition index (RCI). A road condition index is the weighted average of all urgency indexes,

product of degree and extent of distress. RCI represents in terms of number that indicates the

overall performance of the study area which consists of number of distresses such as: patching,

rutting, ravelling, potholes and cracks. The value of RCI varies between 1 for a new pavement

with no distress to 25 for a failed pavement. Rating approach method in RCI is used to facilitate

the prioritization for all 28 sections. Finally ranking for each section is determined based on

the obtained priority rating values of each section.

Keywords: Terrestrial laser scanner; Leica ScanStation C10; Cyclone software; Road

condition index; Rating and ranking

_______________________

Poster session


1. Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay, India.E-mail: [email protected]

3. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,

India.E-mail: [email protected]




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