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ASCE/SEI 31-03

American Society of Civil Engineers

Seismic Evaluation ofExisting Buildings

This document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and customary units.

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Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Seismic evaluation of existing buildings / American Society of Civil Engineers.p. cm. -- (ASCE standard)

Includes bibliographical references and index."SEI/ASCE31/02."ISBN 0-7844-0670-7

1. Buildings—Earthquake effects. I. Structural Engineering Institute II. AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers.

TH1095.S38422003693.8'52--dc21

2003041921

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.asce pubs.asce.org

Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarilyrepresent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. Noreference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process or service constitutes orimplies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are forgeneral information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as areference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning theaccuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or processdiscussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefore. This information should not be usedwithout first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specificapplication. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, includingbut not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.

ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers—Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,

Photocopies: Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under circumstancesnot falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASCE to libraries andother users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service,provided that the base fee of $18.00 per article is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923. The identification for ASCE Books is 0-7844-0670-7/03/ $18,00. Requests forspecial permission or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions & Copyright Dept, ASCE.

Copyright © 2003 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 2003041921ISBN 0-7844-0670-7Manufactured in the United States of America.


www.ascepubs.asce.org


STANDARDSIn April 1980, the Board of Direction approved ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to governthe writing and maintenance of standards developed by the Society. All such standards aredeveloped by a consensus standards process managed by the Codes and Standards ActivitiesCommittee. The consensus process includes balloting by the balanced standards committee,which is composed of Society members and nonmembers, balloting by the membership of ASCEas a whole, and balloting by the public. All standards are updated or reaffirmed by the sameprocess at intervals not exceeding 5 years.

The following standards have been issued:

ANSI/ASCE1-82N-725

ANSI/ASCE2-91ANSI/ASCE3-91

ASCE 4-98Building Code Requirem<

SEI/ASCE 7-02ASCE 8-02

ANSI/ASCE9-91ASCE 10-97SEI/ASCE 11 -99ANSI/ASCE 12-91ASCE 13-93ASCE 14-93

ASCE 15-98

ASCE 16-95

ASCE 17-96ASCE 18-96ASCE 19-96ASCE 20-96ASCE 21-96ASCE 21-98ASCE 2 1-00SEI/ASCE 23-97SEI/ASCE 24-98

Guideline for Design and Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related EarthStructuresMeasurement of Oxygen Transfer in Clean WaterStandard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs andANSI/ASCE 9-91 Standard Practice for the Construction andInspection of Composite SlabsSeismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures

^nts for Masonry Structures (ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02) andSpecifications for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1-02/ASCE 6-02/TMS602-02)Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other StructuresStandard Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless SteelStructural MembersListed with ASCE 3-91Design of Latticed Steel Transmission StructuresGuideline for Structural Condition Assessment of Existing BuildingsGuideline for the Design of Urban Subsurface DrainageStandard Guidelines for Installation of Urban Subsurface DrainageStandard Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of UrbanSubsurface DrainageStandard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete PipeUsing Standard Installations (SIDD)Standard for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) ofEngineered Wood ConstructionAir-Supported StructuresStandard Guidelines for In-Process Oxygen Transfer TestingStructural Applications of Steel Cables for BuildingsStandard Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile FoundationsAutomated People Mover Standards — Part 1Automated People Moves Standards — Part 2Automated People Mover Standards — Part 3Specification for Structural Steel Beams with Web OpeningsFlood Resistant Design and Construction

in



ASCE 25-97ASCE 26-97ASCE 27-00

ASCE 28-00

SEI/ASCE/SFPE 29-99SEI/ASCE 30-00ASCE/SEI31-03SEI/ASCE 32-01EWRI/ASCE 33-01

EWRI/ASCE 34-01EWRI/ASCE 35-01

CI/ASCE 36-01SEI/ASCE 37-02CI/ASCE 3 8-02

EWRI/ASCE 39-03

Earthquake- Actuated Automatic Gas Shut-Off DevicesStandard Practice for Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box SectionsStandard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Pipe forJacking in Trenchless ConstructionStandard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Box Sectionsfor Jacking in Trenchless ConstructionStandard Calculation Methods for Structural Fire ProtectionGuideline for Condition Assessment of the Building EnvelopeSeismic Evaluation of Existing BuildingsDesign and Construction of Frost-Protected Shallow FoundationsComprehensive Transboundary International Water QualityManagement AgreementStandard Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Ground WaterGuidelines for Quality Assurance of Installed Fine-Pore AerationEquipmentStandard Construction Guidelines for MicrotunnelingDesign Loads on Structures During ConstructionStandard Guideline for the Collection and Depiction of ExistingSubsurface Utility DataStandard Practice for the Design and Operation of Hail SuppressionProjects

iv



FOREWORDThe material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognizedengineering principles. This Standard and Commentary should not be used without firstsecuring competent advice with respect to their suitability for any given application. Thepublication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty onthe part of the American Society of Civil Engineers, or of any other person named herein, thatthis information is suitable for any general or particular use or promises freedom frominfringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes allliability from such use.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) acknowledges the work of the SeismicRehabilitation of Existing Buildings Standards Committee of the Codes and Standards ActivitiesDivision of the Structural Engineering Institute. This group comprises individuals from manybackgrounds including: consulting engineering, research, construction industry, education,government, design, and private practice. This Standard process began in 1998 and incorporatesinformation as described in the commentary.

This Standard was prepared through the consensus standards process by balloting in compliancewith procedures of ASCE's Codes and Standards Activities Committee. Those individuals whoserve on the Standards Committee are:

Bechara E. AbboudAziz AlfiDavid AllenProdyot K. BasuMichael D. BlakelyAllen R. BoneDavid C. BreiholzJames BrownThomas M. BykonenJames R. CagleyHashu H. ChandwaneyFu-Lien ChangChang ChenKevin C. K. ChuengJames H. CollinsW. G. CorleyMajed A. DabdoubMichael D. DavisterSteven L. DicksonMax FalamakiRichard B. FallgrenMark W. FantozziHans GesundStephen H. GetzNader GhafooriStayendra K. GhoshSergio Gonzalez-KargPhillip GouldMelvyn GreenMax A. GregersenMichael R. HagertyHarold S. HamadaD. Kirk HarmanDavid B. HattisJohn R. Hayes

Richard L. HessJames A. HillWilliam T. HolmesDarrick Horn, SecretaryCharles J. HookhamJ. Kent HsiaoTom C. HuiRoy J. HuntMohammad IqbalRobert C. JacksonWen-Chen JauMartin W. JohnsonJohn C. KariotisBrian E. KehoePeter H. LamPatrick J. LamaJim E. LappingDarrell J. LawverFeng-Bao LinPhillip LineDavid E. LintonRene W. LuftTerry R. LundeenCharles R. MagadiniAyaz H. MalikLincoln E. MalikRusk MasihVicki V. MayFrank E. McClureBruce H. McCrackenJames B. McDermottRichard McConnellMike MehrainStanley H. MendesMartha Merriam

vii



Thomas H. MillerAndy H. MilliganAndrew P. MisovecJack MollMyles A. MurrayJoseph F. MuessendorferJoseph P. NicolettiGlen J. PappasJames C. ParkertMandakumaran ParuvakatCelina U. PenalbaMark A. PickettJose A. PincheiraChris D. Poland, ChairDaniel E. PradelDenis C, PuR. C. RichardsonTimothy E. RoeckerCharles W. RoederAbdulreza A. SadjadiAH M. SadreArthur B. Savery

Ashvin A. ShahDaniel ShapiroRichard L, SilvaThomas D. SkaggsGlenn R. Smith, Jr.Charles A. SpitzWilliam W. StewartEric C. StovnerDonald R. StrandPeter TianEugene TrahernFrederick M. TurnerMichael T. ValleyIvan P. VamosGara VarumThomas G. WilliamsonLyle L. WilsonLisa A. WipplingerTom C. XiaWen-Huei YenWade W. Younie

viii



CONTENTS

1.01.11.21.31.41.5

2.02.12.22.32.42.52.6

3.03.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.9

4.04 14.24.34.44.54.64.74.8

5.05.15.25.3

General ProvisionsScopeBasic RequirementsDefinitionsNotationReferences

Evaluation RequirementsGeneralLevel of Investigation RequiredSite VisitLevel of PerformanceLevel of SeismicityBuilding Type

Screening Phase (Tier 1)GeneralBenchmark BuildingsSelection and Use of ChecklistsFurther Evaluation RequirementsTier 1 AnalysisLevel of Low Seismicity ChecklistStructural ChecklistsGeologic Site Hazards And Foundations ChecklistNonstructural Checklists

Evaluation Phase (Tier 2)GeneralTier 2 AnalysisProcedures for Building SystemsProcedures for Lateral-Force-Resisting SystemsProcedures for DiaphragmsProcedures for ConnectionsProcedures for Geologic Site Hazards and FoundationsProcedures for Nonstructural Components

Detailed Evaluation Phase (Tier 3)GeneralAvailable ProceduresSelection of Detailed Procedures

1-11-1,1-31-8

1-1?1-16

2-12-17-17-77-37-42-5

3-13-13-33-53-73-9

3-703-71

.3-1193-121

4-14-14-1

4-334-504-94

4-1064-1184-124

5-15-15-15-3

ix



AppenAl.OA2.0A3.0

A4.0

A5.0A6.0A7.0

Appen

Index

dix A - Examples A-lExample 1: Building Type Wl: Wood Light Frame A-2Example 2: Building Type S1A: Steel Moment Frame with Flexible Diaphragms A-14Example 3: Building Type C3:

Concrete Frame with Infill Masonry Shear Walls and Stiff Diaphragms A-34Example 4: Building Type RM2:

Reinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Building with Stiff Diaphragms A-44Example 5: Building Type W2: Wood Frame, Commercial and Industrial A-59Example 6: Building Type S2: Steel Braced Frame with Stiff Diaphragms A-73Example 7: Building Type URM:

Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Building with Flexible Diaphragms A-88

dix B - Summary Data Sheet B-l

M

X



General Provisions

1.0 General Provisions

1.1 Scope

This standard provides a three-tiered process for seismic evaluation of existing buildings in any level ofseismicity (Section 2.5). Buildings are evaluated to either the Life Safety or Immediate OccupancyPerformance Level (Section 2.4). The design of mitigation measures is not addressed in this standard.

This standard does not preclude a building from being evaluated by other well-established procedures basedon rational methods of analysis in accordance with principles of mechanics and approved by the authorityhaving jurisdiction (if any).

C'l.l Scope

This standard provides a process for seismic evaluation of existing buildings. It is intended to serve as anationally applicable tool for design professionals, code officials, and building owners looking to seismically-evaluate existing buildings. This standard may be used on a voluntary basis or may be required by theauthority having jurisdiction. A major portion is dedicated to instructing the evaluating design professionalon how to determine if a building is adequately designed and constructed to resist seismic forces. All aspectsof building performance are considered and defined in terms of structural, nonstructural, and foundation/geologic hazard issues. Lifelines such as water, electrical, natural gas supply lines, and waste disposal linesbeyond the perimeter of the building, which may be necessary for buildings to be occupied, are not consideredin this document.

The evaluation procedures include a consideration of ground shaking and to a limited extent other seismichazards such as liquefaction, slope failure, surface fault rupture, and effects of neighboring structures. Otherphenomena such as tsunami, lateral spreading, and local topological effects are not considered.

The need for evaluation using this standard may have been indicated by rapid visual screening usingFEMA 154, Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards: A Handbook (FEMA,1988a);-Mitigation strategies for rehabilitating buildings found to be deficient are not included in this standard;additional resources should be consulted for information regarding mitigation strategies,; /

Standard Basis

This standard has evolved from, and. is intended to replace FEMA 310, Handbook for Seismic Evaluation ofBuildings—A Prestandard (F'EMA, 1998). This standard was written to;

Reflect advancements in technology,

Incorporate the experience of design professionals,

Incorporate lessons learned during recent earthquakes,

Be compatible with FEMA 356, Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation ofBuildings (FEMA, 2000c),

Be suitable for adoption in building codes and contracts,

Be nationally applicable, and

Provide evaluation techniques for varying levels of building performance.

ASCE 31-03 Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings 1-1



This is a preview of ASCE 31-03. Click here to purchase ... · This is a preview of "ASCE 31-03". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

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