This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net since 1997, your source for engineering information for the deep foundation and marine construction industries, and the historical site for Vulcan Iron Works Inc. Use subject to the “fine print” to the right. Don’t forget to visit our companion site http://www.vulcanhammer.org All of the information, data and computer software ("information") presented on this web site is for general information only. While every effort will be made to insure its accuracy, this information should not be used or relied on for any specific application without independent, competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensed professional. Anyone making use of this information does so at his or her own risk and assumes any and all liability resulting from such use. The entire risk as to quality or usability of the information contained within is with the reader. In no event will this web page or webmaster be held liable, nor does this web page or its webmaster provide insurance against liability, for any damages including lost profits, lost savings or any other incidental or consequential damages arising from the use or inability to use the information contained within. This site is not an official site of Prentice-Hall, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga,Vulcan Foundation Equipment or Vulcan Iron Works Inc. (Tennessee Corporation).All references to sources of equipment, parts, service or repairs do not constitute an endorsement.
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This document downloaded from
vulcanhammer.net
since 1997,your source for engineering informationfor the deep foundation and marineconstruction industries, and the historicalsite for Vulcan Iron Works Inc.
Use subject to the “fine print” to theright.
Don’t forget to visit our companion site http://www.vulcanhammer.org
All of the information, data and computer software("information") presented on this web site is forgeneral information only. While every effort willbe made to insure its accuracy, this informationshould not be used or relied on for any specificapplication without independent, competentprofessional examination and verification of itsaccuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensedprofessional. Anyone making use of thisinformation does so at his or her own risk andassumes any and all liability resulting from suchuse. The entire risk as to quality or usability of theinformation contained within is with the reader. Inno event will this web page or webmaster be heldliable, nor does this web page or its webmasterprovide insurance against liability, for anydamages including lost profits, lost savings or anyother incidental or consequential damages arisingfrom the use or inability to use the informationcontained within.
This site is not an official site of Prentice-Hall, theUniversity of Tennessee at Chattanooga,� VulcanFoundation Equipment or Vulcan Iron Works Inc.(Tennessee Corporation).� All references tosources of equipment, parts, service or repairs donot constitute an endorsement.
� Sheet piling is an “in-situ” type of retaining wall
� Do not rely on their mass to retain the soil, as opposed to a gravity wall
� In-situ walls rely on their flexural strength to retain soil, supported either by their own penetration into the soil or by an anchoring system
� Other types of in-situ walls
� Soldier pile walls – use H-beams to hold timber or concrete lagging to retain soil on a temporary or permanent basis
� Slurry walls – bentonite slurry is injected into a trench after which reinforcement and concrete are placed into the trench, forming a wall
Materials for Sheet Pilin g� Steel
� Cold formed� Hot rolled
� Aluminium� Extruded
� Vinyl� Extruded
� Fibreglass
� Pultruded
� Concrete
� Wood
Steel Sheet Piles
� Hot rolled� Panel and interlocks rolled in one operation� “Traditional” form of steel sheet piling
� Cold formed� Form rolled cold from steel plate� Common with lighter sheet pile profiles� Interlocks more prone to breakage
Aluminium, Vin yl and Fibre glass Sheetin g
� Made for lightweight and light load applications
� Common substitute for wood or concrete walls
� Require special handling in setting and driving
� Vinyl sheets can be obtained in various colours, but is subject to long term creep
Concrete and Wood Sheetin g
� Concrete Sheeting � Wood Sheeting
Sections of Sheet Pilin g
� Z-shaped sheeting– Popular in north America– Usually drive two at a time with split clamp– Wall stiffness developed with each sheet without assumed
assistance from the interlocks
� U-shaped sheeting (Larssen, etc.)– Very popular in Europe– Usually driven one at a time– Wall stiffness developed with two sheets and load transferred
using the interlocks (European practice; U.S. practice does not assume this load transfer)
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Sections of Sheet Pilin g� Flat-web sheeting
– Almost exclusively usedfor cellular cofferdams
– Can be driven singlyor two at a time
� Arched shaped– Used for shallower wall
construction– Used in cold formed steel and
aluminium sheeting
Transitional Sections
Interlock St yles
� Hot rolled and extruded sections
� Ball and socket� Single or double jaw� Double hook� Thumb and finger
� One point contact� Three point contact
� Cold formed sections� Hook and grip
Cantilever and Anchored Walls
� Cantilever Walls
� Walls which have no additional supports, and which rely on the lateral earth pressures in the lower portion of the wall to support the earth in the upper portion
� Limited in height and soil type
� Almost exclusively done with steel piling
� Anchored Walls
� Walls which have additional supports buried in the soil
� These are usually referred to as tiebacks
Anchored Walls
Deep-Seated Failure of Sheet Pile Walls
Rotational Failure due to Inadequate Penetration of
Sheet Pile Walls
Flexural Failure of Sheet Pile Walls
Anchora ge Failure in
Sheet Pile Walls
Active and Passive Pressures
Design of Cantilever WallsSource: British Steel Piling Handbook, http://www.corusconstruction.com
Simplified Method of Desi gn
� Eliminate the “bottom triangle” which fixes the pile toe to the wall; F3 replaces the forces at the toe
� Use the force triangles for resultant forces “F1” and F2
� Increase the penetration by 0.2 * OC to compensate for simplification (not a factor of safety!)
Example of Cantilever Wall Design
� Given
� Cantilever Sheet Pile as shown
� Find
� Necessary penetration to prevent overturning
� Suitable sheet piling for bending moment
� Assume
� Rankine earth pressure conditions
Factor of Safet y and Earth Pressure Considerations
� Two methods of incorporating factor of safety
� Divide the passive earth pressure coefficient by a factor of 1.5 – 2 (Coduto)
� Increase the toe length by 20 – 40% (toe length being distance from excavation level to toe of pile) (PBSSPDM)