THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER) YEAR 2012-2013 THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER) SI.NO SUBJECT CODE COURSE TITLE PERIODS Conta ct Hours CRED ITS L T P 1. 10EC314 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION 3 - 0 3 3 2. 10EC315 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 3 - 2 5 5 ELECTIVE -3 A 10EC345 MOBILE & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION 4 - - 4 4 B 10EC352 CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURE 4 - - 4 4 C 10EC330 NEURAL NETWORKS & FUZZY LOGIC 4 - - 4 4 D 10EC331 MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 4 - - 4 4 E 10EC361 TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING 4 - - 4 4 F 10EC362 HIGH SPEED NETWORKS 4 - - 4 4 ELECTIVE -4 A 10EC341 RF SYSTEM DESIGN 4 - - 4 4 B 10EC354 VLSI SUB SYSTEM DESIGN 4 - - 4 4 C 10EC332 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 4 - - 4 4 D 10EC363 NETWORK SECURITY & CRYPTOGRAPHY 4 - - 4 4 5. 10-OE ELECTIVE(INTER- DISCIPLINE) 4 - - 4 4 6. 10-HS302 COMMUNICATION & SOFT SKILLS-II 1 - 2 4 2 7. 10-MP302 MINI PROJECT 0 0 4 3 2 TOTAL 19 - 8 27 24
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THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER) YEAR 2012-2013
THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER)
SI.NO
SUBJECT
CODE COURSE TITLE PERIODS
Conta
ct
Hours
CRED
ITS
L T P
1. 10EC314 ANTENNA AND WAVE
PROPAGATION
3 - 0 3 3
2. 10EC315 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 3 - 2 5 5
ELECTIVE -3
A 10EC345 MOBILE & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
4 - - 4 4
B 10EC352 CPLD AND FPGA
ARCHITECTURE 4 - - 4 4
C 10EC330 NEURAL NETWORKS &
FUZZY LOGIC
4 - - 4 4
D 10EC331 MODERN DIGITAL
SIGNAL PROCESSING
4 - - 4 4
E 10EC361 TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING 4 - - 4 4
F 10EC362 HIGH SPEED NETWORKS 4 - - 4 4
ELECTIVE -4
A 10EC341 RF SYSTEM DESIGN 4 - - 4 4
B 10EC354 VLSI SUB SYSTEM DESIGN 4 - - 4 4
C 10EC332 DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
4 - - 4 4
D 10EC363 NETWORK SECURITY &
CRYPTOGRAPHY
4 - - 4 4
5. 10-OE ELECTIVE(INTER-
DISCIPLINE)
4 - - 4 4
6. 10-HS302 COMMUNICATION & SOFT
SKILLS-II
1 - 2 4 2
7. 10-MP302 MINI PROJECT 0 0 4 3 2
TOTAL 19 - 8 27 24
10EC314 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L T P
3 0 0
UNIT 1
RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS
Concept of vector potential, Modification for time varying, retarded case. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current element. Radiation resistance of elementary dipole with linear
current distribution, Radiation from Half-wave Dipole & Quarter-wave Monopole, Radiation
Fields, Near and Far fields. (9)
UNIT II
ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS & LOOP ANTENNAS Definitions: Radiation intensity, Directivity, Beam width, Gain and radiation resistance of
current element, Half wave dipole and folded dipole, Main lobe, side lobe level, Null depth,
Front to back Ratio, Figure of Merit, Polarization, Reciprocity Principle, Antenna efficiency,
Effective length and Effective Area, Relation between gain, Effective length and Radiation
Resistance, Relation between Effective Area and Directivity and related problems. (9)
UNIT III ANTENNA ARRAYS AND ANTENNA TYPES
Antenna Arrays: Expression for Electric field from two or three element Arrays, Uniform linear
arrays – BSA, EFA, Directivity of BSA, EFA, Related problems, Principle of Pattern
multiplication, Binomial Arrays.
Antenna Types: Yagi –Uda Antenna, V and Rhombic Antennas, Turnstile antenna, Horn antenna, Slot antenna, Micro strip antenna. (9)
UNIT IV
REFLECTOR AND LENS ANTENNAS
Focusing in paraboloid Reflectors – Geometry, Uniform and tapered illumination, Types of
feeds, Importance of F/D ratio, Cassegrain feed system, Focusing in a lens Antenna – Dielectric
lenses & metal plane Lens Antenna, Lumeberg lens, Plane Reflector, Corner reflector. (9) UNIT V
WAVE PROPAGATION
The three basic types of propagation; ground wave, space wave & sky wave propagation.
Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for Ground wave Propagation,
Summerfield analysis of Ground wave, Losses due to earth constants.
Space wave propagation: Effect of curvature of an Ideal earth, Atmospheric effects in Space-wave propagation, Radio-Horizon, Duct Propagation, Maximum range of distance for LOS.
Sky Wave Propagation: Structure of Ionospheric Propagation, Gyro frequency, Refraction and
Reflection of sky waves by Ionosphere, Critical frequency, Skip distance, Maximum unable
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balamain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”. 2nd ed.,
Pearson Education,
3. G S N Raju, “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, Pearson Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. K D Prasad, Satya Prakashan, “Antennas & Wave Propagation”, Tech India Publications,
2. John D Kraus, “Antennas”. 2nd ed., Mc Graw-Hill,1988
3. F.E.Terman , “Radio Engineering”, MC Graw Hill
SIMULATION BOOK
1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, “ Electromagnetic Waves and Antenna”
10EC315 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (Prerequisite: Analog Communications)
L T P
3 0 2
UNIT-1
ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Model of Digital Communication Systems, Digital Representation of Analog Signal, Certain Issues in Digital Transmission,
Advantages of Digital Communication Systems, Bandwidth-S/N Tradeoff, Hartley Shanon Law,
Sampling Theorem
PULSE MODULATION: Types of Pulse Modulation, Generation and Demodulation of PAM,
PWM and PPM; TDM, FDM, comparison of pulse modulation techniques, Quantization Process,
Pulse Code Modulation: Encoding, Regeneration Decoding, DELTA MODULATION: Its draw backs, Adaptive delta modulation, comparison of PCM and
DM systems, noise in PCM and DM system, Differential Pulse Code Modulation. (10)
UNIT - II
BASE BAND PULSE TRANSMISSION: Matched filter, Properties, Inter-symbol interference,
Correlative level coding, Ideal Nyquist channel, Raised cosine spectrum, Duo binary signaling, Modified Duo binary signaling. (9)
UNIT III
OPTIMAL RECEPTION OF DIGITAL SIGNAL: Pulse Shaping for Optimum Transmissions, A
Baseband Signal Receiver, Probability of Error, Optimum Receiver, Optimal of Coherent
Reception, Signal Space Representation and Probability of Error, Eye Diagrams, Cross Talk.
(9) UNIT-IV
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, M-ary
PSK, ASK, FSK (8)
UNIT-V
DIGITAL PASSBAND TRANSMISSION: Introduction, Pass band transmission model, Gram
Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, Geometric interpretation of signals, Coherent detection of signals in noise, Probability of error, Correlation receiver, detection ,Coherent BPSK, QPSK,
Basic OFDM: FFT Implementation, Cyclic Extension, Power Spectrum, and Efficiency,
Comparison with Single-Carrier, Design Example, Baseband versus Passband.
Impairments of Wireless Channels to OFDM Signals: Time-Varying Impairments, Effect of Sampling Clock Offset, Effect of Timing Offset, Effect of Delay Spread, System Nonlinearity.
(9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
2.Ye (Geoffrey) Li, Gordon Stuber, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications, Springer, 2006
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. W. C. Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Communications, 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill, 1995.
2. Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, PHI, 2003 3. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005
4. Simon r. Saunders, Alejandro Aragon Zavala, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless
Communication Systems, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Son, 2007
10EC352 CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURE
(Prerequisite: Digital Logic Design) L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC: Read Only Memory (ROM), PROM, Programmable Logic Array
2.P.D Wasserman, “Neural Computing Theory and Practice”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, 1989.
3.Freeman J.A. and Skapura B.M., “Neural Networks, Algorithms Applications and
Programming Techniques”, Addison-Wesely,1990.
4.Martin T Hagan,H B Demuth, M Beale, ”Neural Network Design, PWS Publishing,1996
SIMULATION BOOKS
1.S.N.Sivanandam, S.Sumathi & S.N.Deepa “ Introduction to Neural Networks using Matlab,“
MC Graw Hill, 2005.
2.S.N.Sivanandam, S.Sumathi & S.N.Deepa“ Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using Matlab,
Springers,2007.
10EC331 MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Decimation by an factor D- Interpolation by a
Factor I - Sampling Rate Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D Filter Design and Implementation for sampling rate Conversion: Direct form FIR filter structures – Poly-phase filter structures -
Time Variant filter structure, Multistage Implementation of Sampling Rate Conversion-
Applications of Multi-rate Signal Processing: Design of phase shifters – interfacing of Digital
Systems with different sampling rates- Narrow band low pass filters – Digital filter banks – Sub
band coding of speech signal (10) UNIT – II
PARAMETRIC METHOD OF POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION: Parametric Methods for
power spectrum estimation, Relationship between Auto-Correlation and Model Parameters, AR
(Auto-Regressive) Process and Linear Prediction, Yule-Walker, Burg and Unconstrained Least
Squares Methods, Sequential Estimation, Moving Average (MA) and ARMA Models, Minimum
variance spectral estimation, Pisarenko Harmonic Decomposition Methods, MUSIC algorithm. (10)
UNIT – III
FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS: Limit cycles, Overflow Oscillations, Round-off Noise in IIR
Digital Filters, Computational Output Round Off Noise, Methods to Prevent Overflow, Trade Off
Between Round Off and Overflow Noise, Measurement of Coefficient Quantization Effects through Pole-Zero Movement, Dead Band Effects. (9)
UNIT – IV
DFT FILTER BANKS AND TRANS MULTIPLIERS :DFT Filter Banks , maximally Decemated
DFT Filter Banks, trans-multiplexer UNIT – V (8)
MAXIMALLY DECEMATED FILTER BANKS :Vector spaces, two channel perfect
reconstruction conditions, lattice implementation of orthonormal filter banks. (8)
TEXT BOOKS:
1 Roberto cristi, “Modern Digital Signal Processing “, Thomson Learning
2 Proakis JG and Manolakis DG,”Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and
Application”, Pearson Education.
REFERENCES
1.Openheim AV & Schafer RW, “Discrete Time Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, Asia.
2.Raghuveer M. Rao, Ajit S Bopardikar,” Wavelet Transform, Introduction to Theory and
Applications”, Pearson Education, Asia 200.
3.Orfanadis S, “Introduction to Digital Signal Processing”, Pearson Education,
4.Sanjit K.Mitra , “DSP computer Based Approach “ 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill 5.Hams Georg stark “Wavelet & Signal Processing”, Springer, 2005.
SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS
1.Samuel D Stearns, “Digital Signal Processing with examples in Matlab“, CRC Press, 2000.
2.ES Gopi. “Algorithm collections for Digital Signal Processing Applications using Matlab “, Springer, 2007.
3.Taan S.Elali, “Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab”, CRC Press,2005.
10EC361 TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING
(Prerequisite: Computer Networks) L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I:
NETWORK MODELS: Layered Tasks, The OSI Model, Layers in OSI Model, TCP/IP Protocol
Suite, Addressing.
CONNECTING DEVICES: Passive Hubs, Repeaters, Active Hubs, Bridges, Two Layer Switches, Routers, Three Layer Switches, Gateway, Backbone Networks. (9)
UNIT II:
INTERNETWORKING CONCEPTS: Principles of Internetworking, Connectionless
of the Internet, Internet Architecture, Interconnection through IP Routers
TCP, UDP & IP: TCP Services, TCP Features, Segment, A TCP Connection, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control, Process to Process Communication, User Datagram, Checksum,
UDP Operation, IP Datagram, Fragmentation, Options, IP Addressing: Classful Addressing,
IPV6. (9)
UNIT III:
CONGESTION AND QUALITY OF SERVICE: Data Traffic, Congestion, Congestion Control, Congestion Control in TCP, Congestion Control in Frame Relay, Source Based Congestion
Avoidance, DEC Bit Scheme, Quality of Service, Techniques to Improve QoS: Scheduling,
Traffic Shaping, Admission Control, Resource Reservation, Integrated Services and
Differentiated Services. (9)
UNIT IV:
QUEUE MANAGEMENT: Concepts of Buffer Management, Drop Tail, Drop Front, Random Drop, Passive Buffer Management Schemes, Drawbacks of PQM, Active Queue Management:
Early Random Drop, RED Algorithm. (9)
UNIT V:
STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL: SCTP Services, SCTP Features, Packet
Format, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control. Mobile Network Layer: Entities and Terminology, IP Packet Delivery, Agents, Addressing,
Agent Discovery, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulating, Inefficiency in Mobile IP.
Mobile Transport Layer : Classical TCP Improvements, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile
TCP, Fast Retransmit/ Fast Recovery, Transmission, Timeout Freezing, Selective
Retransmission, Transaction Oriented TCP. (9)
TEXT BOOKS
1. TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Behrouz A Forouzan, TMH, 3rd Edition
2. Data Communication & Networking: B.A. Forouzan, TMH, 4th Edition.
REFERENCES BOOKS 1. High performance TCP/IP Networking -- Mahbub Hasan & Raj Jain PHI -2005
2. Internetworking with TCP/IP -- Douglas. E.Comer, Volume I PHI
3. Computer Networks-Larry L. Perterson and Bruce S. Davie
4. Mobile communications , Jochen schiiler, Pearson , Second Edition
10EC362 HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (Prerequisite Computer Networks)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: A Brief Networking History, The Need for Speed & Quality of service,
Advanced TCP/IP & ATM Networks. Protocols & the TCP/IP suite: The Need for protocol Architecture, The TCP/IP protocol
Architecture, The OSI Model, Internetworking.
TCP & IP: Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol, The Internet Protocol,
1.High Speed Networks & Internet Performance & Quality of Service, William Stallings, 2/E
Pearson.,2002
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Markus Hofmann and Leland Beaumont Content Networking Architecture, Protocols, and Practice Morgan Kaufmann Pub,2005
2.Adrian Farrel The Internet and Its Protocols A comparative Approach Elsevier Inc,2005
10EC341 RF SYSTEM DESIGN (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION: Importance of RF Design-Dimensions and Units-Frequency Spectrum-RF Behaviour of Passive
Components: High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High Frequency
Inductors.-Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip
Capacitors, and Surface Mount Inductors.
REVIEW OF TRANSMISSION LINES: Types of Transmission Lines-Equivalent Circuit representation-R, L, C, G parameters of Different Line configurations-Terminated Lossless
Transmission Lines-Special Terminations: Short Circuit, Open Circuit and Quarter Wave
Transmission Lines- Sourced and Loaded Transmission Lines: Power Considerations, Input
Impedance Matching, Return Loss and Insertion Loss. (9)
UNIT II:
SINGLE AND MULTI-PORT NETWORKS: The Smith Chart: Reflection Coefficient, Normalized Impedance-Impedance Transformation:
Standing wave Ratio, Special Transformation Conditions-Admittance Transformation-Parallel
and Series RL & RC Connections-Basic Definitions of Single and Multi-Port Networks-
and Z-parameters, Signal Flow Chart Modeling, Generalization-Basic Resonator and Filter
Configurations: Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop type Filters-Filter
Implementation using Unit Element and Kuroda's Identities Transformations-Coupled Filters.
(9)
UNIT III: ACTIVE RF COMPONENT MODELLING:
RF Diode Models: Nonlinear and Linear Models-Transistor Models: Large Signal and Small
Signal BJT Models, Large Signal and Small Signal FET Models- Scattering Parameter, Device
Characterization. (9)
UNIT IV: MATCHING AND BIASING NETWORKS:
Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components: Two Component Matching Networks,
Forbidden Regions, Frequency Response and Quality Factor, T and Pi Matching Networks-
Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks: Classes of Operation and Efficiency of
Amplifiers, Biasing Networks for BJT, Biasing Networks for FET. (9)
(PTO)
UNIT V:
RF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER DESIGN:
Characteristics of Amplifiers- Amplifier Power Relations: RF Source, Transducer Power Gain, Additional Power Relations-Stability Considerations: Stability Circles, Unconditional Stability,
And Stabilization Methods-Unilateral and Bilateral Design for Constant Gain- Noise Figure
Circles- Constant VSWR Circles.
RF OSCILLATORS AND MIXERS: Basic Oscillator Model: Negative Resistance Oscillator,
Feedback Oscillator Design, Design steps, Quartz Oscillators- Fixed Frequency High Frequency
Oscillator -Basic Characteristics of Mixers: Concepts, Frequency Domain Considerations, Single Ended Mixer Design, Single and Double Balanced Mixers.
(9)
TEXT BOOKS
1.Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko,” RF Circuit Design – Theory and Applications”,
Pearson Education Asia, First Edition.
2.Joseph . J. Carr, “Secrets of RF Circuit Design”, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition.
REFERENCES
1.Mathew M. Radmanesh, “Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics”, Pearson Education
Asia, Second Edition, 2002.
2.Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. New Kirk, “RF / Microwave Circuit Design”, John Wiley & Sons
USA, 2000.
3.Roland E. Best, “Phase - Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications”, McGraw Hill
Publishers 5TH edition 2003.
4..Devendra K.Misra ,”Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits – Analysis and
Design “John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10EC332 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION
Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS: Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and
Quantization, Basic relationships between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations. (9)
UNIT - II
DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS Image Transforms – The Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine
Transform, Haar Transform, The Slant Transform, (9)
UNIT - III
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN
Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using
Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain
Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. (9)
UNIT - IV
IMAGE RESTORATION Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise
reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse
UNIT –I INTRODUCTION: Limitations of Conventional tubes at Microwave frequencies,
Klystron: Velocity – modulation process. Bunching process, output power and beam loading,
Multicavity Klystron amplifiers: beam current density, output current and output power of two cavity Klystron, reflex Klystron, Velocity modulation, Power output and efficiency.
(10)
UNIT –II MICROWAVE TUBES: Traveling Wave tubes, Microwave crossed field tubes:
Cylindrical Magnetron, CFA and BWO (Qualitative analysis only).
(8) UNIT – III
MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS: Wave guide bends and twists, wave guide Tees, Tee
junction parameters, fields and currents in tee junctions, theorems on Tee junctions, shunt or
H-plane tee, series of E-plane Tee, Equivalent circuit of magic tee, applications of magic tee.
Directional couplers, coupler parameters, directional couplers in use, applications of
MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE DEVICES: Microwave tunnel diode, Avalanche transit time diodes: Read diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode, Gunn Effect diodes and modes of operation,
BARITT Diode, Strip and Microstrip
(8)
UNIT-V
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Scattering Matrix–Significance, Formulation and Properties,
S Matrix Calculations for – 2 port Junctions, E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Circulator and Isolator, Illustrative Problems. Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their
Features, Errors and Precautions, Microwave Power Measurement, Bolometers Measurement of
Attenuation, Frequency Standing Wave Measurements –Measurement of Low and High VSWR,
Cavity Q, Impedance Measurements.
(10)
TEXT BOOKS 1.GSN Raju,” Microwave Engineering”, IK International Publications
2.Samuel Y Liao,” Microwave Devices and Circuits” Pearson Education
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. ML Sisodia & GS Raghuvamshi, “Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices”. 2. RE Collin, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, IEEE Press Series, 2003
3. Mathew. R. Radmanesh, “RF & Microwave Engineering”,PHI-2001
4. David M. Pozar, “Microwave and RF Design of Wireless systems” , John Willey
5. Peter A. Rizzi,” Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits,”PHI
MICROWAVE LAB
Microwave Experiments:
1. Measurement of Gain of an Waveguide Horn Antenna
2. Measurement of low VSWR using Microwave Bench.
3. Measurement of high VSWR using Microwave Bench
4. Verification of the Expression 222 111 cgo
5. Measurements of unknown impedance using Microwave Bench. 6. Determination of radiation pattern of an waveguide horn antenna
7.Determination of a given Directional Coupler characteristics
INTRODUCTION: Historical development, Elements of an Optical Fiber transmission link. Advantages of Optical Fibers, Applications of Optical Fiber, Ray Theory Transmission, Total
2. Measurement of Coupling and Bending Losses of a Fiber
3. Analog Link Setup using a Fiber 4. Digital Link Setup using a Fiber
5. Setup of Time Division Multiplexing using Fiber Optics
6. Characteristics of Light Sources / Detectors
7. Study of pulse amplitude modulation using fiber optics.
8. Study of pulse width modulation using fiber optics
9. Study of Pulse Position Modulation using Fiber optics
09EC444 RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS (Prerequisite: Microwave Engineering)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION, Basic Radar , Advantage of Basic Radar, Block Diagram of Pulse Radar,
simple form of Radar equation, Detection of signals in noise, Receiver noise and signal to noise ratio, integration of Radar pulses, RCS: RCS of simple targets, RCS of multiple targets, PRF
and Range Ambiguities, Doppler Effect, Limitations of CW Radar, FMCW Radar, Altimeter.
(9)
UNIT – II:
MTI RADAR, Delay line cancellers: Frequency response of single delay line cancellers, Clutter Attenuation, MTI improvement factor, N-pulse delay line canceller, Non recursive and
1.M. Abramovici, M.A. Breuer and A.D. Friedman, "Digital Systems and Testable Design", Jaico
Publishing House, 2002.
2. M.L. Bushnell and V.D. Agrawal, "Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital, Memory and
Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 3.A.L. Crouch, "Design Test for Digital IC's and Embedded Core Systems", Prentice-Hall
International, 2002.
09EC447 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (Prerequisite: Digital Communications)
L T P
4 0 0
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION: Basic Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency Allocations for
Satellite Services, Applications. Orbital Mechanics and Launchers: Orbital mechanics of LEO, MEO and GSO, Orbital
elements, Locating the Satellite with respect to the Earth, Look Angle determination, Orbital
Effects in Communication Systems Performance. (9)
UNIT II
SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS: Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Satellite Antennas.
(6)
UNIT III
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T
Ratio, Design of Down Links, Up Link Design, Design Of Satellite Links For Specified C/N,
System Design Examples. Earth Station Technology: Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking
Systems, Terrestrial Interface, Primary Power Test Methods. (10)
UNIT VI
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Inter-
modulation, Calculation of C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frame Structure, Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard Processing, Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA).Comparison between CDMA, FDMA & TDMA. Spread Spectrum Techniques, DSSS,
DSSS with CBPSK, Processing gain, Probability of error, FHSS: Slow frequency hopping, Fast
frequency hopping. (10)
UNIT V
SATELLITE NAVIGATION & GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM : Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location Principles, GPS Receivers and Codes, Satellite Signal
3. Dennis Roddy Satellite Communications , McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2009.
4. Robert M Gagliardi, Satellite Communications, DTS Publishers Ltd.
5. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004
09EC432 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)
L T P
4 0 1
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION:
Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS: Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and
Quantization, Basic relationships between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations. (9)
UNIT - II
DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS Image Transforms – The Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine
Transform, Haar Transform, The Slant Transform, (9)
UNIT - III
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN:
Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using
Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN:
Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain
Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. (9)
UNIT - IV
IMAGE RESTORATION: Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise
reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse