Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence.

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhereThe ceremony of innocence is drowned;The best lack all conviction, while the worstAre full of passionate intensity.--W.B. Yeats, "The Second Coming" (1919)

THE BIG 4

QUIZ pp. 732-737

1. What happened on November 11, 1918?

2. What did Karl Leibknecht and Rosa Luxumburg attempt to do?

3. What was organized in 1919 to conclude a final settlement of the Great War?

4. Who was Georges Clemenceau and what did he want?

5. What did President Wilson want to create to prevent future wars?

6. What was article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles and who hated it?

7. What were some of the new nation-states that were created after WW I?

QUIZ ANSWERS

1. THE ARMISTICE/END OF WW I2. ATTEMPTED COMMUNIST REV IN

GERMANY3. THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 19194. LEADER OF FRANCE – SECURITY/REVENGE5. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS6. THE WAR GUILT CLAUSE – GERMANY7. LITHUANIA, LATVIA, ESTONIA, POLAND,

AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, YUGOSLAVIA

WW I AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRES

Swept away by World War I

I. The Imperial German EmpireII. Imperial RussiaIII. The Austro-Hungarian EmpireIV. The Ottoman Empire

THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919

The Big 41. Woodrow Wilson – USA

The 14 PointsIdealismDemocracyNational Self-determinationLeague of Nations

2. David-Lloyd George – BritainMake Germany pay for the costs of the war

3. Georges Clemenceau– FranceSecurity/Protection against

GermanyRevenge

4. Vittorio Orlando – ItalyLand grabNot a major play at the conference

* Germany and Russia not invited

THE FLAWED PEACE = TREATY OF VERSAILLES TOO HARSH/TOO WEAK

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

THE WAR GUILT CLAUSE = Article 231 = Germany is blamed for causing the war

REPARATIONS Restrictions on Germany military power Demilitarization of the Rhine Alsace and Lorraine returned to France

“THE DICTAT” – Germans called it the forced peace

President Wilson greeted with euphoria in Paris

CREATION OF A NEW NATIONS

FINLAND LATVIA LITHUANIA ESTONIA POLAND AUSTRIA HUNGARY CZECHOSLOVAKIA YUGOSLAVIA

THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE END OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

1. Modern Turkey replaces the Ottoman Empire

2. KEMAL ATTATURK = the founder and first leader of modern Turkey

3. Arabs are promised new states in the Middle East

a. new boundaries drawn – artificialb. new countries createdc. British and French Mandates

FAILURE OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

1. Too harsh – hated by the Germans/made them angry and resentful

2. Too weak – no enforcement mechanism/they don’t end up keeping Germany in check

3. Failure of the LEAGUE OF NATIONS4. United States rejection of the Treaty of

Versailles = isolationism