Thesis project

GREECE

ALBANIA

UNITED KINGDOM

UKRAINE

TURKEY

TUNISIA

AUSTRIA

SYRIA

SWITZERLAND

Bern

SWEDEN

SPAIN

SLOVENIA

SLOVAKIA

SERBIA

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ROMANIA

PORTUGAL

POLAND

NORWAY

NETHERLANDS

MOLDOVA

MAROCCOMALTA

MACEDONIA

LITHUANIA

LIBYA

LEBANON

LATVIA

KOSOVO

JORDAN

ITALY

ISRAEL

IRELAND

Tibilisi

GEORGIA

ICELAND

HUNGARY

GERMANY

FRANCE

MONACO

FINLAND

ESTONIA

EGYPT

DENMARK

CZECH REPUBLIC

CYPRUS

CROATIA

BELGIUM

LUXEMBURG

BELARUS

BOSNIAAND HERZEGOVINA

LICHTENSTEIN

SWITZERLAND

ANDORRA

ALGERIA

SAN MARINO

MONTENEGRO BULGARIA

black sea

VARNA

varna on the european map

pan-european corridor ‘8’main tanker movements

Varna

Ruse

Burgas

BLACK SEAConstanja

ROMANIA

DANUBE

Mariupol

Rostov

Poti

Sevastopol

Odesa

Mykolayiv

Kherson

UKRAINE

MOLDOVA

Samsun

Sinop

Bartın

Zonguldak

Rize

Artvin

Giresun

Yalava

Istanbul

TURKEY

Novorossyisk

Tuapse

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GEORGIA

Varna

Ruse

Burgas

BLACK SEAConstanja

ROMANIA

DANUBE

Mariupol

Rostov

Poti

Sevastopol

Odesa

UKRAINE

MOLDOVA

SamsunSinop

Bartın

Rize

Artvin

Istanbul

TURKEY

NovorossyiskTuapse

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GEORGIA

<12.000.000 <1.000.000 <300.000 <150.000

<1.000

622 km 850 km 1100 km

400 km

530 km

main crude and dirty products

Bari

densitypopulation

SERBIA

<1.000.000 <600.000 <300.000 >300.000 > 3.000 km/2 < 1.000 km/2 > 1.000 km/2

200 km

640 km320 km

470 km

330 km

450 km

Bratislava

Budapest

Ljuljana

Zagreb

Skopje

PristinaPogorica

Tirana

BelgradeBucharest

Sofia

Sarajevo

to Russia / Kazakstan / China

Varna

distance and population comparison on the balkan peninsula

distance and population comparison on black sea

1_Varna on the European map.Demographic and economic analyses_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

Bari

SLOVENIALjuljana

Bratislava Nitra

Trenčín

Banská Bystrica

Prešov

Košice

Trnava

Zilina

SLOVAKIA

Novi Sad

Beograd (Belgrade)

SERBIA

Brăila

Alexandria

Călăraşi

Giurgiu

PloieştiRimNicu-VilceaBuzău

Slobozia

Tulcea

Constanja

GalaţiBraşov

PiteştiTirgoviste

CraiovaSlatina

Tirgu Jiu

Drobeta Turnu-Severin

Reşiţa

Deva

AradAlba Iulia

Oradea

Zalău

Baia Mare

Bistriţa

SuceavaBotoşani

Piatra-Neamţ

Lasi

Vaslui

Focşani

Bacău

Miercurea-Ciuc

Târgu Mureş

Satu Mare

Stiniu Gheorghe

Bucuresti (Bucharest)

ROMANIA

MACEDONIA

Skopje

Pristina

KOSOVO

Eger

Gyár

Szeged

Nyíregyháza

Debrecen

Pécs

KecskemétBékéscsaba

Miskolc

Szolnok

Budapest

Szeksard

Kaposvár

Szombathely

Zalaegerszeg

Salgótarján

HUNGARYVeszprém Székesfehérvár

Tatabánya

Zagreb

CROATIA

Shumen

Blagoevgrad

Plovdiv

Sliven

Stara Zagora

Lovech

Vidin

Sofiya (Sofia)

Pernik

Kyustendil

Pazardzhik

Silistra

Ruse

Pleven

Turgovishte

Khaskovo

Montana

Smolyan

Veliko TarnovoVralsa

Gabrovo

Razgrad

Burgas

Yambol

Dobrich

Kŭrdzhali

BULGARIA

Sarajevo

BOSNIAAND HERZEGOVINA

MONTENEGROPogorica

ALBANIA

Tirana

Varna

pan-european corridor ‘8’

varna on the balkan map_important port city on the pan-europen trade route

varna on the black sea map_important trade and port city

population

TRADE !

WHY VARNA ?

GREEN BACKBONES FOR THE CITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA,

43 13‛N 27 55‛E

geography of bulgaria

black sea

romania

turkey

greecemacedonia

serbia varna

sofia

plovdiv

geographical data_bulgariacontinent: europesubregion: balkan peninsulatotal area: 110,993.6 km2water area: 2,390 km2coastline: 354 km

highest point: Musala, 2.925 mlowest point: Black Sea, 0 m

land use: - arable land 29,9 % - permanent crops 1,9 % - forests and woodlands 34 % - other 34,2 %

temperate: cold, damp winters; hot, dry summersterrain:mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

black sea

ALBANIA

UKRAINEUKRAINE

SLOVENIA

SLOVAKIA

SERBIA

ROMANIA

POLAND

MOLDOVA

MACEDONIA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

KOSOVO

HUNGARY

ESTONIA

CZECH REPUBLIC

CROATIA

BELARUS

BOSNIAAND HERZEGOVINA

MONTENEGRO BULGARIA

ALBANIA

SLOVENIA

SLOVAKIA

SERBIA

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ROMANIA

POLAND

MOLDOVA

MACEDONIA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

KOSOVO

HUNGARY

ESTONIA

CZECH REPUBLIC

CROATIA

BELARUS

BOSNIAAND HERZEGOVINA

MONTENEGRO BULGARIA

varna as an important tourist destination in europe

varna as an important cruise destination on black sea

geopolitical map

biodiversity

former USSRformer socialist republic

main tourist cruise routes

Varna

Ruse

Burgas

BLACK SEAConstanja

ROMANIA

DANUBE

Mariupol

Rostov

Poti

Sevastopol

Odesa

Mykolayiv

Kherson

UKRAINE

MOLDOVA

SamsunSinop

Bartın

Zonguldak

TrabzonRize

Artvin

Giresun

Yalava

IstanbulTURKEY

Novorossyisk

Tuapse

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GEORGIA

dolphines distribution in black sea botanical gardens

Varna

Ruse

Burgas

Dobrich

BLACK SEAConstanja

ROMANIA

DANUBE

Mariupol

Rostov

Poti

Sevastopol

Odesa

Mykolayiv

Kherson

UKRAINE

MOLDOVA

OrduSamsun

Sinop

Bartın

Zonguldak

Trabzon

Rize

Artvin

Giresun

Yalava

Istanbul

TURKEY

Novorossyisk

Tuapse

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GEORGIA

Sofia

BalchikEvsinovgrad

1_Varna on the European map.Demographic and economic analyses_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011 02_Geographic,economic and historic analyses_Green backbones for the city of Varna,Bulgaria_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

black sea

SWITZERLAND

Bern

3,99 million international tourists per year 30 cruise destinations

TOURISM !

BIODIVERSITY !

population city: 334,870 density: 1,718/km urban population: 343,704 metropolitan population: 416,603 tourists per year: 4.74 million (2006) 3,99 milion international tourists

Geography and transportationThe city occupies 238 km2 on verdant terraces ,descending from the calcareous Franga Plateau (height 356 m) on the north and Avren Plateau on the south, along the horseshoe-shaped Varna Bay of the Black Sea, the elongated Lake Varna, and two artificial waterways connecting the bay and the lake and bridged by the Aspa-ruhov most. It is the centre of a growing conurbation stretching along the seaboard 20 km north and 10 km south (mostly residential and recreational sprawl) and along the lake 25 km west (mostly transpor-tation and industrial facilities). Since antiq-uity, the city has been surrounded by vineyards, orchards, and forests. Commercial shipping facilities are being relocated inland into the lakes and canals, while the bay remains a recreation area; almost all the waterfront is parkland.The urban area has an excess of 20 km of sand beaches and abounds in thermal mineral water sources (temperature35–55 C ). It enjoys a mild climate influenced by the sea with long, mild, akin to Mediter-ranean, autumns, and sunny and hot, yet considerably cooler than Mediterranean summers moderated by breezes and regular rainfall.

geographical data_varnaprovince: Varnamunicipality: Varnatotal area: 238 km2coastline: 30 kmelevation: 80 mlowest point: Black Sea, 0 m

climate:humid subtropical climatenatural resources: manganese ore,gas,rock salt

trade and tourism: 61%manufacturing: 16%transportation and communications: 14%construction: 6%

334,

870

1887

1780

1910

1934

1946

1956

1965

1975

1985

1992

2001

2005

2009

2011

320,

837

312,

026

312,

889

308,

601

302,

860

253,

079

180,

633

120,

345

69,5

63

25,2

56

4,00

0

41,4

19 76,9

54

"Varna now draws about 30,000 new residents a year" “South-eastern Europe City of the Future ” Financial Times

Varna is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv, with a population of 334,870 inhabitants according to Census 2011. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous province and Varna Municipality.Commonly referred to as the marine or summer capital of Bulgaria, Varna is a major tourist destination, business and university centre, seaport, and headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine, as well as the centre of Varna Province.The city lies in the Bay of Varna, nestled in a deep valley between the Frengen Plateau and the Avren Plateau. Varna is over 11 km long, while its width, including newly erected residential quarters, is nearly 9km. The city’s structure resembles an amphitheatre as it follows the curves of the Bay of Varna. It is surrounded by gardens, vineyards and groves.

topography of municipality of varna

334,870 people in Varna

92,5 % bulgarians,3,5 % turks,5 % other nationalities

03_Geographic and demographic analyses of Varna_Green backbones for the city of Varna,Bulgaria_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

view of the city scape of varna,bulgaria

view of the city scape of varna,bulgaria

0 1.0 2.0 3.0 km

cathedral

port

"Varna now draws about 30,000 new residents a year" “South-eastern Europe City of the Future ” Financial Times

04_Focal points in the city and historic analyses_Green backbones for the city of Varna,Bulgaria_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

historical timeline

luna park

technical university

stadium_sport center

stadium_sport center

medical university

bank with architectural value

central cemetery

shopping malls

“palace” of sport and culture

“palace” of sport and culture

public functions and activities are concentrated mainly in the city center and in the “Sea garden”

meteo station

delfinariumzoo park

natural science museum

financial university

congress hall

mineral water tank

roman terms

train station

train station

yaght port

yaght port

sea garden

regional park

bus station

byzantine church

minicipality of varna

archeological museum

cathedral

drama teater

amphiteatre

summer theater

skate park

observatoriumaquarium

naval museum

swimming pool

night activities

surrender to Alexander the Great

peace treaty between Theodosius II and Attila

Slavic conquest of the Balkans

Justinian I made it the seat of the Quaestura

1000

BC

E

335

BCE

442

CE

442

CE

6th-

7th

cent

ury

8 th

cen

tury

16-1

7th

th c

ent

Sept

. 194

4

1989

AC

2019

AC

1261

AC

1389

AC

680

AC

680

AC

the region of ancient Thrace was populated by Thracians

Asparukh, the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire, routed an army of Constantine IV near the Danube delta and, pursuing it, reached the so-called Varna

peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire that established the new Bulgarian state was concluded at Varna-near Odyssos

Treaty of Nymphaeum, between Michael VIII Palaeologus and Genoa that opened up the Black Sea to Genoese commerce

ottomans

A major port, agricultural, trade and shipbuilding centre for the Ottoman Empire

Varna is running for European Capital of Culture

Mass tourism emerged

Bulgarian Communist Party gave up its political monopoly

the Red Army occupied the city

scriptorium-a key role in the development of the Cyrillic alphabet by Bulgarian scholars under the guidance of one of Saints Cyril and Methodius

0 0.5 km 1.0 km

key points in the city

the monuments of the city attact visitors and small commer-sial functions,what is missing is common public spaces,providing opportunities for open social & leisure activities

the public areas in the city center are well mainained,well used during the whole days,providing place for different social,age and cultural groups

the sea garden,bordering with the waterfront is one of the main qualities of the city.generator of green spaces and multifunctional activities.the sea gadren is the main place for leisure and recreation of the city

the waterfront is the main generator of the city.most leisure activities are concentarted their and 90 % of the spend free time the citizens of the city spend there or in the city garden

the childrenplaygrounds and existing parks are full during the whole day,although there is law maintainace of the spaces.very often the green spaces between the residential areas are totally abandoned,raising security and decay problems

the need of the residence for public common space is obvi-ous and very often they take the initiative and convert the space with minimum interventions

moving slightly from the city center the urban environment changes.lack of save pedestrian roads,low mainainance and rarely we can find a cosy public space

the main monuments are isolated from onother,the connec-tions between them have a random character and often the tourists feel‘lost’ looking from one place to onother

The notion of ekistics implies that understanding the interaction between and within human groups—infrastructure, agriculture, shelter, function,in conjunction with their environment directly affects their well-being (individual and collective). The subject begins to elucidate the ways in which collective settlements form and how they inter-relate. By doing so, humans begin to understand how they 'fit' into a species, i.e. homo sapiens, and how homo sapiens 'should' be living in order to manifest our potential—at least as far as this species is concerned. Ekistics, the Science of Human Settlements,Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis

“Although calarity and legibility is by no means the only important property of a beutiful city,it is of special importance when considering environments at urban scale of size,time,and complexity.To understand this,we must consider not just the city as a thing in itself, but the city being perceived by its inhabitants” “ Indeed, a distinctive and legible environment not only offers security but also heightens the potential depths and intensity of human experince.....a legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable”“ Moving elements in a city,and in particular the peopleand their activities,are as importantas the stationary physical parts” The image of the city,Kevin Lynch

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the only ‘rent a bike’ in the city,on the entrance to the sea garden.during the visit we saw few bicycles trying to struggle into the traffic of the city

high traffic,difficult connections with the city center,lack of bicycle paths and well defined connections with the water-front and the sea garden

38 40 41 42 43 44

45 46 47 48 49 50

05_Perseptive and social analyses_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

area with one way road in the central part of the cityheavy car flow medium car flow heavy vehiclesbicycle paths according to the new PGTtransport schemes

morphology of the city

existing bike path

build area_industrial mixed area/residential and industrial

high rise residential buildings

low rise residential buildings middle rise residential buildingsmorphology of the city

morphology of the city

sofia

balchik

ruse

2 km1 km

sofia

ruse

balchik

2 km1 km

2 km1 km 2 km1 km

2 km1 km 2 km1 km

2 km1 km 2 km1 km

06_Morphology of the city_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

_street network has largely random charachter_there is no distinction between minor and major streets_heavy traffic and parking problems

_existing bike path of 2 km_proposal in the PGT from 2010 for a systme of bicycle paths

_industrial areas scattered around the residential areas_consentration around the railway station

_the mixed multi function zone has a good prerequisitives for the preservation of existing vegetation and long-term enrichment of the green spaces

_the peripheral neighbourhoods are not organically linked to the old town and if they are “sewn” to it mechanically_mass constructed areas with lack of identity

_no clear spatial and functional structure of the city.during the 60ties of the previous century there was the first urban planning attempt to give a clearer structure to the city,to direct the development of industrial area along the west port and the central station,the residential area-north and northwest and the recreation area-northeast along the beach

_not well connected to the city center_lack of public transport _safety problems of the periphery

parks outside the city border

urban parks and green areas

green areas on wetlands

protected green areas

protected forests

green nurseries

green areas for sport activities

build area/residential

build area/industrual

agriculture

06_Morphology of the city_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011 07_Morphology of the city_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

2 km1 km 2 km1 km

2 km1 km 2 km1 km

_Industrialization of housing helped to solve the housing crisis in Varna, simultaneously, it caused to appear so called "Grey Stream" in architecture, following quantitative but not qualitative criteria’s. The manufactories were producing unified panels and building components, not taking into consideration the estetical qualities and the diversity of the environment which they create

_Varna district enjoys favourable soil and climatic conditions for cultivation of grain crops, permanent crops and vegetables.The agro-climatic conditions enable high yields from the fodder crops, for feeding the milk cattle while the cereal production furthers the development of pig-breeding and poultry raising

_The green areas in the city,mainly in the center, are scare and scattered without linksbetween them.Exception makes the “Sea garden”,which is situated well on the waterfront,in direct contact with the bay and the city center

_Gullies (canals) have nourished important ameliorative function related to the collection and disposal of surface water. In the - northern and southern part of the municipality, they are well structured and with preserved features. In many areas of settlement formations bordering Varna, gullies are significantly narrowed in some places destroyed and can not hold significant amounts of water in heavy rains. Gorges have other important functions:-Create a vivid green ecopath which links the urban green areas to suburban and agricultural -Improve the microclimatic characteristics of the city during the summer months, bringing fresh air

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industrial area residential area agricultural area

protected green areas parks outside the city border cannals_riversurban parks and green areasgreen areas on wetlands

Plan of PGT for preservation and enrichment of the basic resources of the green system by:_ Increase the biological activity of the urban environment by keeping all green areas and saturating them with vegetation_ Enrich the existing vegetation along the transport infrastructure and creation of new green shelter belts along the main urban traffic flows_ Protection from abuse and requalification of the canals, which provide natural landscapes into the urban fabric and lead to regional scale_ Renovation and creation of new public green spaces in the housing estates_ Preserving the character of the landscape and its spatial elaboration_ Development of green system while maintaining the specific character of Varna, surrounded by green areas of the northwest and south, connecting through gorges the urban parks and green system_Continuity of urban green and natural areas providing opportunities for: fresh air and ventilation, natural landscape in the urban fabric; optimum accessibility to the waterfront_ Providing appropriate green areas for public use, reserving new areas for development of green system .Creation of new urban and suburban recreational parks.

GREEN BACKBONES FOR THE CITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA AS GENERATORS OF GREEN AREASAND MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

sound wave diagram of human voice

sound wave diagram of a doplhin

sound wave diagram of a robin

sound wave diagram of a robin

The project proposes a network of slow and fast mobility, which makes the city permeable and brings environmental qualities to the area. The preliminary goals are to unite the different layers of the city through green infrastructure, connecting the main parks, green areas,the waterfront and focal points, leading to regional green spaces. The paths are uniting element, generator of activities, green areas, new alternative way of transport and backbones for future development. They attract along its course different worlds, give values to existing ones and bring new qualities to the area. The strategy is based on an overall understanding about the main characteristics of the city, the demographic features (population size, age structure, and social groups), its cultural, spatial, urban, environmental and historic characteristics.The project links diverse spaces and merges the functionality of individual components into single composition.It consentrates on three crucial areas in the city, proposing different programs, according to the needs of the areas.

08_Project concept_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

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culture activities sub-culture activities

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URBAN GREEN SPACE STRATEGY_VisionProtecting and developing urban green system,increasing the attractiveness by improving accessibility,ensuring adequate quality and level of surfaces and preserving their environmental potential

_Mission_ development policy of the central city neighborhoods, raise the living standards in urban areas, including and by preserving existing and creating new green areas and ecosystems_ regenerating deprived areas and mixing functions and social groups within the urban structure, especially in areas of social segregation;_ careful management of urban ecosystems, especially with regard to water, energy, waste and noise pollution_ development of efficient and environmentally friendly means of transport which lead to sustain-able mobility_ conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage_to safeguard a network of good quality, well managed green spaces for citizens and touristswith suitable facilities for children and handicapped people_to use green spaces to demonstrate the city’s historic background and local identity_to ensure the existence of sustainable green spaces with high ecological value which areefficient in terms of healthy living and working conditions. Applying for adequate provisionof leisure and sports facilities

_Objectives and goals for the improvement_to create easy connections with the waterfront and the sea garden_to give identity to the peripherar area_to resolve typical suburban problems (deficit of adolescent leisure facilities, social conflictsdue to high density of prefabricated housing estates)_to protect and improve existing green spaces and their valuable natural habitats_to develop, implement and monitor an extensive and sustainable management system _to develop a public parks for citizens of different ages_to improve the public accessibility and usage of the area through the provision of a pathsystem_to implement the aims of the adolescents by creating a graffiti project at the venue (noiseprotection wall)_to ensure a sustainable maintenance regime for the area through public partnership contracts

_Challenges and Problems_the adjoining residential area is characterised by high density, social conflicts, a lack ofrecreational facilities and missing connections to the hinterland._there are few and low maintained footpaths and insufficient amount/poor quality of greenspaces._a challenge to open up the landscape for leisure and sport activities in order to improve thelocal residential qualities and discourage people from moving away_problems of vandalism_problems concerning people’s involvement and participation at the outset

_Main objectives_to achieve the municipal vision of ‘green and blue ribbons’ by developing an accessible and attractive network of green spaces and integrating them intobinding spatial planning concepts_to improve the city’s quality standards, adapted to users interests and new green typologies;based on sustainable maintenance, financial potentials and development concepts_to increase citizen participation in planning, building and maintenance activities in order todevelop a green and liveable green city

_The concept and main issuesThe Green Backbones project proposes a network of slow mobility green belts pasing throught the city of Varna,starting from the waterfront,crossing the urban fabric and leading to metropolitan scale. Taking an analysis of the city’s existing condition,problems,needs and requirements of the citizens, we identify a trajectory ,which connects the existing green and public areas,discover new one and bring environmental qualities to the city.Injecting green and reinforcing the exising one,create a unity between the different layers of the city. The path connects the focal points,give new identity to the place,breaks the infrastructure,providing new alternative ways of transport.The relationship with context, the ability to bring together multiple systems and hierarchies of public spaces, make up the important themes of this project which involves both public and private.

POLICY_ a strategy for achieving a number of specific objectives. It should embrace the devel-opment of a major approach or method, which is suitable for attaining goals and resolving specific issues. In the case of green spaces, strategies are required to address a variety of (ecological) environmental, social and economic policies.Some of the purposes of green space strategy are:

• Strengthen its long-term perspectives and promotion of sustainability• Promote a more holistic overview and better understanding of the urban green space situation, provision and quality as well as the needs, priorities and values of its inhabitants• Build a collective vision of its own urban green space development• Discover effective ways to solve urban green space problems and develop its urban green space potentials• Improve the quality of life i.e. improve its environment together with its facilities for recreation, leisure and social activities• Incorporate the urban green space issues into its planning system and legislation• Raise public and political awareness for urban green spaces and generate public participation• Generate stakeholder and interdepartmental cooperation• Develop long term funding and management opportunities

09_Project proposal_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

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MMarcheological museum

ethnographic museum

bg national revival museum

vladislav varnenchik museum

varna art gallery

modern history museum

palace of culture and sport

roman thermal baths

aquarium & sea museum

national science museum

dolfinarium

navy museum

astronomic observatory

festival and congress center

drama theater

zoo park

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SLOW MOTION GREEN PATHS FOR RECREATIONAL, SPORT AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES:

SITE: the path follows the three cannals coming north from the city from Frangenskoto plato.The path starts from waterfront,following the canals of the city,which have a great potential for green and public areas.What is more,there is an existing slow motion infrastructure which is low maintained and often interrupted.The new slow motion infrastructure crosses the Sea garden,green sport facitilies,the park of the Technical university and leads to metropolitan scale.The new infrastructure provides verticalslow motion connection,connecting with the proposed by the PGT horizontal onesPATH 1 : 2,6 km PATH 2 :1,1 kmPATH 3 : 3 km

KEY POINTS IN THE AREA: Science museum,Palace of sport and culture,stadium, Technical university

CONCEPT: Following one of the most potential parts of the urban fabric-the cannals,we create greenbackbones,as generators for multi-functional activities,urban spaces and alternative way of transport.The path unites the three layers of the city-waterfront,sea garden and the city fabric,leading to metropolitan scalePROGRAM: -slow motion bicycle paths both for recreation and transport use-recreational activities-parks and green areas-sport facilities-children playgrounds

IMAGE: -reinforcing the wild nature following the canals,the project creates an image of a wild forest with organic shape and asymetric characther.Wild vegetation and botanical special enriching the estetic and visual charachter of the area.

1.1 km / 8 min

1.3 km / 10 min

FAST MOTION GREEN PATH FOR TRANSPORT AND COMERCIAL ACTIVITIES:

SITE: following the main infrastructure axes of the city and the main flow of people.The path connects the waterfront,the city center,passing though some key points of the area and leads to the most densified residential quarters.PATH 1 : 2,5 KMPATH 2 : 4 KM

KEY POINTS IN THE AREA: skate park, summer theater, luna park, economy university,municipality of varna, city cathedral, central bus station, central cemetery, shopping malls varna,residential quartersCONCEPT: following the biggest flow of people in the city the strategy proposes a green shoulders,as protective layer for the pollution and noise,with bicycle paths as alternative way of trasport.The new infrastructure will reduce the traffic problems of the city,bring some new green and public areas,renovate an old one and encrease environmental and ecological qualities if the city.The new motion path crosses the city verticaly proposing connections with the the horozontal paths from the PGT.

4 km / 32 min

GREEN PATH WITH TOURISTIC,CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES:

SITE: historical path of the city center,connected with the Sea garden and the waterfront

KEY POINTS IN THE AREA: historical monuments of the area,the sea garden and the waterfront

CONCEPT: following the main touristic routes in the city we proposea path with cultural and recreational activities.It connects the waterfront,the sea garden and the main monuments in the city center,proposing a new tourist route,reviving existing spaces and introducing new one,mainly based on the concept of Varna as a tourist city

PROGRAM: -slow motion movement mainly for tourist, cultural and leasure activities-shopping activities-parks and green areasIMAGE:Work with minor interventions.Renovating existing public and green space.Consentrate on the areas near the historical monuments and give indication for the focal points on the path.Introduce bicycle path.

0.30 km / 2,6 min

0.90 km / 7 min

0.50 km / 4min0.80 km / 6 min

2.6 km / 20 min

2,5 km / 19 min

PROGRAM: -protective green shoulders-fast motion movement-bicycle paths mainly for transport use-shopping activities-parks and green areasIMAGE:Create urban green atmosphere,with linear vegetation and line of trees.Regular character of the spaces,converting to more organic one,when penetrating in the minor streets and residential areas

09_Project proposal_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011 10_Green backbones program_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

11_Reference projects_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

REFEFENCE PROJECTS

min 2.5 mmin 2.5 m

1.1_MAIN AXES - road Starting from the distance between the two building fonts, evades : the width of the carriageway, the width of the pedestrian route , the width of the cycle route . Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions for the inclusion of green areas.Follow standard sections diversified in relation to the size of the green (from the minimum to the maximum).

DEFINITION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE _ network of natural landscape assets which underpin the economic, socio-cultural and environmental functionality of our cities.The green spaces and water systems which intersperse, connect and provide vital life support for humans and other species within our urban environments.Diversity system to relate other spatial forms and provide the city with ecological safetyvalues. GREEN PATHS VARNA _ network of slow mobility starting from waterfront,passing though the city,following the cannals and the main infrastructure of the city,forming unique green system and leading to regional scale.The connection strategy gives value to existing spaces, some hidden or unknown, others degraded or simply excluded from urban life: a garden, a boulevard, a neighbourhood.

MANUAL FOR PLANNING ANDCONSTRUCTION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE_the manual aims to determine a design method for the construction of all green paths in the city,which form the new environmental green skeleton of Varna

12_Manual for planning & construction of green infrastructure_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

min 2 m

section 1 _ 2

The traffic calming measures taken may be different, and sometimes it is possible also adopt two together: a) measures of speed: regulate max of 30 Km/h the permitted speed on the road b) horizontal measures: to amend the road section to force vehicles to slow down c) vertical Measures: change the level of rolling creating gradients rise of entire sections.Working on the differentia-tion of materials

Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions. We apply the presented solution when the remaining space available for the green area is greater than 1.00 meter

min 2 mmin 2 .5 m min 2 m

section 1 _ 3

Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions. We apply the presented solution when the remaining space available for the green area is between 2.0 m and 3.0 m

min 2 mmin 2.5 m

Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions . We apply the presented solution when the remaining space available for the green area is min 2.0 meters.

section 1 _ 7

min 1.5 m min 1.5 m

Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions . We apply the presented solution when the remaining space available for the green area is min 2.0 meters.

section 1 _ 8

min 1.5 m min 2 m

areas of interventions

min 2 m min 1.5 m

section 1 _ 1

COMPOSITIONAL ELEMENTS _1_main axes - linear parks crossing the city,consisting of pedestrian routes,bicycle paths and green areas,following : the canals of the city,main infrastructure with the biggest flow of people,the main tourist paths. The path consists of :1.1_roads1.2_green area1.3_areas with particular functions ( different activities, accord-ing to the existing conditions and the PGT )

2_transversal green connections_ the connections are usually linear areas (streets) that bring in to the main axis .The function of the connections is to provide better access and to support the overall green system3_green peripheral areas-the peripheral green areas are represented by all the areas that fall within the scope of relevance of the path and that are not crossed by the main axis.

CONSTRUCTION OF GREEN PATH _ 1_main axes - the main axis and the line of suitability for cycling / foot traffic continues thought the whole structure.They pass through different areas defined below ( 1_1, 1_2, 1_3 ). Each type will be treated with specific requirements in order to obtain a homogeneity within the path.The parts defined are:1.1_ road - the elements that make up the main axis a) pedestrian path b) cycle route-when the space is limited for separate path we provide space on the road,or pedestrian path c) green area -areas directly connected to the main axesThe areas will be provided in the draft with the order of priority from a) to c).Green will be added depending on the space as defined in the subse-quent sections type1.2_structured parks and green areas 1.3_areas with particular function2_transversal green connections3_green peripheral areas - requalificateing and connecting to the green paths

1.2_MAIN AXES - park and green areasIn the generic green areas we provide pedesrtian and bicycle path.In the structured park we propose continuity of the parks and the vegetation.The peripherical green areas are integrated with similar decorative qualities to give a continuous image of the structure.

1.3_MAIN AXES - areas with particular functionIf the green path crosses areas of transformation according to the PGT,with particular function,or private areas,the architect has to garantee bicycle path and pedestrian passage

2_TRANSVERSAL GREEN CONNECTIONS - connections should ensure a continuity of green areas. We must therefore work on : 2.1_ planting of tree-lined avenues 2.2_ green areas on the parking lots

min 2.5 m

VEGETATION _ is chosen taking into consideration the existingspecies, the geographical charactheristics of the area and introducing new botanical species with decorative character

min 2 m min 1.5 m

section 1 _ 4

Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions . We apply the presented solution when the remaining space available for the green area is in between 3.0 m and 5.0 meters.

min 2.5 mmin 2 m

min 2 m

section 1 _ 5 section 1 _ 6

Depending on the remaining space will be diversified solutions . We apply the presented solution when the remaining space available for the green area is more than 5.0 meters.

If on one-way street there is no space for both tracks monodi-rectional in two directions, we propose a track on the motor-way following the same direction of motor vehicles . There will be safety interventions for calming the traffic.

min 2 mmin 2.5 m min 1.5 m min 1.5 m

PLAN FOR GENERAL DEVELOPMENT :

Objectives : improve the quality of life and contribute to the attractiveness of the territory

1. Work for better environment- Use the potential of the green areas- Increase the pedestrian paths according to in accor-dance with the traffic flows- Introduce urban furniture, encouraging the use of public spaces and contributing to the esthetical qualities of the area- Requalification of dismissed green areas in particular, areas bordering with traffic, parking and dismissed areas2. Work for urban quality of the space- consider the architectural and esthetic features of the area- improve the materials and take into consideration local materials and traditional use- importance of illumination

3. Give general criteria’s for good urban furniture- To emphasize on the viewpoints of the city and give esthetical qualities to it- Introduce abacus of the urban furniture- importance of illumination

To be able to criticize and then increase the quality of public space we have to take into consideration several components of the urban fabric: • street and pavement_increase the green areas and add trees_reorganize the borders and elements of protection_reorganize the pavement_use urban furniture and work on better illumination

• street furniture _reduce typologies_reorganize typologies according to the function of the areas_reorganize the locality_increase the security factors and control• street railings_reduce typologies_coherent typologies with locations• bicycle parkings _reduce typologies _provide better focalizations• kiosks_reduce typologies_provide better localization_increase the control• signal stripes_regulate the signal colors_use more horizontal and less vertical signals

13_Manual for planning & construction of green infrastructure_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

areas of interventions

sound wave diagram of a robin

inspiration...

14_Slow motion green backbone.Project area_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

1.1 km / 8 min

1.3 km / 10 min

2.6 km / 20 min

PROJECT AREA

SLOW MOTION GREEN BACKBONE FOR RECREATION,LEISURE,SPORT ACTIVITIES AND

ALTERNATIVE WAY OF TRANSPORT

15_Analyses of the area and matrix for possible interventions_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

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topography of the area

1,5 min

11 kcal 4 kcal

5 min

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existing public spaces

400 m

sch. section 1-1’SPACE RELATION

proposed matrix of mobility

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1 1

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schematic section 2-2’ schematic section 3-3’ section 4-4’

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1,5 min

cannalexist. bus stops

11 kcal

5 min

main roadsecondary roadpedestrian pathcycle path PGT

existing pedestrian and car infrastructure4 kcal

residential buildings educational buildings industrial buildings

The main infrastructure of the area passes horizontaly,providing connectionsfrom east- west and vise versa.The vertical connections are missing and people walk to reach the waterfront.The paths are low maintained and not secure.We propose a matrix for new possible ways of transport,renovation of green areas,pedestrian and bike paths and bringing activities,according to the existing one.

squares I sitting areas I public areas of events I kiosks I playgrounds

PEDESTRIAN, CAR INFRASTRUCTURE& MATRIX OF MOBILITY

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AREA AND EXISTING ACTIVITIES _ schematic section following the canal150.0

190.0

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matrix of activities

3 min

15_Analyses of the area and matrix for possible interventions_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011 16_Analyses of the area and matrix for possible interventions_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

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map of existing activities in the area

1,5 min

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5 min

3 min

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schematic section 1-1’ schematic section 2-2’ schematic section 3-3’ schematic section 4-4’

matrix of proposed activities according to the existing typologies of buildings

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morphology of the urban fabric

1,5 min

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5 min

residential build.industrial build.educational build.commercial build.

suburban houses

The area is mainly residential,both with high and low rise buildings.Two of the main universities of the city are situated in close distance to the canal.Due to that thepopulation is considerably young.According to the functions of the existing buildings,we propose a general matrix of interventions,enriching the areas with new public spaces,green areas or renovating old one,connecting with the transport.

SPACE RELATION

We map the existing activities in the area and we propose a matrix for possible interventions - bringing new or requalificating old one.In black in the chart we show the existing activities and in color the new proposal.Some of the “colofur” activities are already existing one.We need to check and requilify them if needed.

MORPHOLOGY URBAN FABRICAND MATRIX OF INTERVENTIONS

EXISTING ACTIVITIES AND MATRIX FOR NEW INTERVENTIONS

Renovating the canal and changing the trajectory, following old river paths_Bring environmental qualities, alternative way of transport and new public and green area _ Create a vivid green ecopath which links the urban green areas to suburban and agricultural _-Improve the microclimatic characteristics of the city during the summer months, bringing fresh air to the city

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schematic section 1-1’

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schematic section 2-2’ schematic section 3-3’ schematic section 4-4’

schematic section 1-1’ schematic section 2-2’ schematic section 3-3’ schematic section 4-4’

green areas and line of trees

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11 kcal 4 kcal

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1,5 min

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2

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matrix of mobility

abies alba acer platanoides

fraxinus excelsior

populus nigrapopulus communis

genista germanica

achillea millefolium

koeleria pyramidata

pyrus malusrubus candidans

ligustrum vulgare

celtis australis

existing species in the area_illustrations : Otto Wilhelm

matrix of mobility

betula pendulacarex bohemica

fraxinus excelsior

pinus sylvestrispadus spinosa

ilex aquifolium

fagus sylvatica

padus avium

taxus baccataprunus amygdalus

juglans regia

carex brachystachys

proposed species in the area_illustrations : Otto Wilhelm

requalification of the green areas and the cannal

existing green areas and line of trees

10_Slow motion green backbone.Project area_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011 17_Analyses of the green system of the area and new interventions_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

EXISTING GREEN AREAS ,LINE OF TREES AND CANAL PATH

PROPOSAL FOR NEW GREEN SYSTEM,AND REQUALIFICATION OF THE CANAL

PLANNING URBAN DESIGN MANAGEMENT FOR CRIME PREVENTION

URBAN PLANNING OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES / PRINCIPLES / GOALS DESIGN PROPOSALS / ACTIONS

URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES PROPOSALS DESIGN STRATEGIES

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES PROPOSALS DESIGN STRATEGIES

Considering existing social and physical structures

Continuity of urban fabric

Visibility

Accessibility

Attractiveness

Maintainance

Surveillance

Guaranteeing accessibility and avoiding enclaves

Creating vitality

Avoiding physical barriers

_consider social networks _the proposal should encourage local sociability, which in a neighbourhood is essential to induce spontaneous surveillance

_care should be taken to achieve an appropriate mix of different people, income levels, services, etc.

_the decision process should involve the participation of residents and users

_ targeted information, gradual and reversible interventions on the phisical environment, organisation of events,etc.

_care should be taken to achieve an appropriate mix of different people, income levels, services, etc.

_the proposal should encourage local sociability, which in a neighbourhood is essential to induce spontaneous surveillance

_continue the street pattern of surrounding areas in order to avoid interrupting urban flows, which are important for vitality

_the structure and the street pattern of a new development, should be planned to avoid creating urban enclaves

_ location of stops must be studied in detail: they must be reachable through dear and safe routes

_slow and moderate traffic flows provide a valuable “eye on the street”

_vitality generators:schools, universities, public buildings, hotels and shopping areas,commersial and leisure activities

_each has different working hours, requires specific services and support facilities and generates flows of people and goods

_ foreseeable activities should be analysed in terms of their compatibility

_specific activity generators e.g. recreation, commercial, hotels, health centres in selected key locations

_continuity of urban texture and flows in order to enhance movements, which influence vitality natural surveillance

_demands of the local population

_affecting social balance

_impact of changes

_promoting events and cultural activities

_edges of projects

_continuity with the existing city structure

_continuity of the street pattern

_avoid creating enclaves

_provide good accessibility to the public transport

_allow for some traffic flow on local streets

_mixed use generates vitality and natural surveillance

_proper functions enhance vitality

_risk of conflicts among activities

_all-day-iong activities for vulnerable areas

_time and calendar of planned activities _whether the anticipated activities taken together provide a reasonable temporal continuity of natural surveillance

_recover existing waste lands, it is necessary to understand what caused them and which are the problems involved

_overcoming infrastructure barriers with new safe connections_existing infrastructures

_existing waste lands

_grasp immediately the organisation of a site and to see what is ahead along a route is important to feel safe

_creating clear routes provided with natural surveillance_easy and safe walking through a site

_clear orientation of pedestrians

_ trees and planting should be selected and maintained so that they allow vIsibility from streets

_Lighting is considered adequate if a face can be easily recognised at a distance of 15 m_lighting_landscaping, vegetation and sightlines

_ clear layout rather than relying on signage, sight views to the surroundings,avoid dark alleys and entrapment spots

_ramps,checked also in terms of crime prevention,they should be visible from streets,shops and windows_access for disabled people

_pedestrian routes

_ public spaces should look friendly and refiect common sense rather than the designer’s footmark

_public spaces, in order to be attractive, should allow for many activities, both planned and spontaneous_allow for spontaneous activities

_elements of public spaces such as ramps to underground parking, fire escapes, garbage collectors can induse nuisance

_manager’s resources should be adapted to the individual characteristics of the space

_ technical facilities are frequent and vulnerable targets: public lighting, electricity and telephone systems

_avoid nuisances

_friendly character of public spaces

_maintenance well adapted to the use of spaces

_special attention to vulnerable places

_means of surveillance should be evaluated and compared to possible alternatives in order to determine those best suited_assessment of the different modes of surveillance

_attractive space for a positive atmosphere

_ SUSTAIN THE QUALITY OF SAFETY AND ELIMINATE PERCEPTION OF UNSAFETY

physical barrers,as a result of the infrastructure

unmaintained green areas

underutilised parks

areas with relatively higher incidences and decay

islolated resinetial areas

centrally located industrial areas

areas with low presence of commersial and social activities

lack of bicycle paths and sidewalks

abandoned area

prostitution

pedestrian underpass

parking problems

low functioning commercial area

18_Planning urban design management for crime prevention_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

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macro problems map

1,5 min

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micro problems map

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_high level of maintenance contributes to a welcoming atmosphere, which satisfies the users and promotes respect for the site

topography of the area

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topography of the area

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topography of the area

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topography of the area

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topography of the area

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topography of the area

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topography of the area

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woodland

topography of the area

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topography of the area

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topography of the area

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BRING THE PEOPLE !BREAK THE WALLS !

topography of the area

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400 m400 m

400 m 400 m

underpassoverpass

bridge

400 m

400 m

BREAK THE WALLS !

linear parks along the cannals

proposed bike path rent a bike point bike path PGT

transversal green connections

green shoulders

topography of the area

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400 m

educational activities

temporary instalations

sport activities

skate park

garden

bird watches

urban horticulture

seating area

cultural activities

children’s playground

picknic area

sunbathing area

BRING THE PEOPLE !

19_Project topics and strategies_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

CONNECTIONS

LINEAR PARKS

GREEN CONNECTIONS

BIKE PATHS

MONORAIL

GREEN SHOULDERS CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

SPORT ACTIVITIES

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

PLANT A FOREST !

The project links diverse spaces and merges the functionality of individualcomponents into single composition.It consentrates on three crucial areas in the city, proposing different programs, according to the needs of the areas. One slow motion path, for recreational activities ,following the canals of the city,connecting the waterfront with regional parks. Second fast motion path, mainly for transport connections, following the main arteries of the city.Green backbones, connecting the focal points in the city center, mainly for touristic and commercial activities.The final image is of unique green system that makes the city permeable,brings environmental qualities,connects existing green and public spaces,rediscover new one.Development and saturation of the green system while maintaining the specific character of Varna, surrounded by green areas of the northwest and south.

22_Photomontage & birdview of the city_Green backbones for the city of Varna_student: Katerina Dimova_thesis supervisor: Andreas Kipar_MSc in Architecture _ AA 2010-2011

“ finally can reach uni by bike not being worried about the traffic “

“ just follow the green path and you will reach the main historical monuments “

”sport in the nature - I love it ! “

“30 min by foot,I am already outside the city!what a magnificent view towards the sea!”

“ easy, fast and healthy way to go to work! “