These round structures are found floating in the cytoplasm.

These round structures are found floating in the cytoplasm.

NucleusThe nucleus is the genetic control centerThe chromosomes are replicated, organized and stored here.

Nuclear MembraneThe nuclear membrane covers the nucleus.It allows materials to flow in and out of small pores.

NucleolusThis round structure appears as a dark dot in the nucleus.

Ribosomes are made here.

ChromosomesChromosomes are long string-like structures.They are coiled to fit into the nucleus. Chromosomes are made of DNA.They are the genetic information of the organism.

ChromosomesAlso called chromatin when it is uncoiled.

Each of the circles above is a cell membrane.This thin covering forms the outside layer of cells.

Consists of lipids in a bi-layer, proteins, and some carbohydrates. Outer limiting boundary of all cellsSelective barrier between the inside and outside of the cellBi-layer split

Cell WallThe Cell wall gives the cell shape and protects the cell from any foreign objects.Bacteria, fungi and plant cells contains cell walls.It is rigid and inflexibleCellulose is a strength molecule in plant cell walls.

Cell WallFunctions: it lends the cell stability, it determines its shape and provides support.

Cell Walls The cell wall is located just outside of the cell membrane

Cells power sourceOrganelles with two membranesFound in the cytoplasmUsually rod shaped, although some are round

Convert energy into forms that are useable by the cell.

LysosomesThese bag-like structures are found in the cytoplasm

They are membrane-bounded organelles filled with digestive enzymes.

They break down old organelles and cells like they would food.

They can destroy a cell if accidentally opened.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is found between the nucleus and the cell membraneIt is made of a system of folded membranes that create sacs and channelsThere are to different types of ER: -rough ER which has ribosomes for protien synthesis. -smooth ER which is without ribosomes for lipid synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic ReticulumThe ER is responsible for biosynthesis and transportation of materials inside of the cell.

Ribosomes are small round organelles made of two sub parts.They are found loose in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.They are the site of protein synthesis.

Golgi Body (Named after the Italian Biologist Camillo Golgi) Each of the body consists of flattened membrane sacs that are plate-like in shape.

They are considered the final packaging location for proteins and lipids.

They prepare hormones and digestive enzymes before sending them out.

Most plants have a large single vacuoleVacuoleThe vacuole is a membrane enclosed sac filled with fluid or food. .

VACUOLEAnimal cells have several smaller vacuoles.

They are used for storage and digestion.

The contractile vacuole is a specialized pump used to remove water from the cell quickly.

Plastids:CHLOROPLASTSmall & round organelles found in plants and photosynthetic protists.Takes energy from the sun to create food (Photosynthesis).Chloroplasts have 2 membranes and are filled with the sugar they make.

Chloroplasts are always green.Chromoplasts store pigments of many different colors.

Leucoplasts store food in plants like potatoes and carrots.

Centrioles

A pair of tube-like structures that contain nine sets of three rods.

They are usually close to the nucleus outside the nuclear membrane.

Centrioles are involved in cell divisions (mitosis and meiosis.)

CytoplasmCytoplasm is the clear, gel-like substance that fills most of the cell.It is where many reactions occur.The organelles are floating in it.