THERMEC97 International Conference on Thermomechanical Processing of Steels and Other Materials TECHNISCHR Volume I UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK r ,. L , , HANNOVER Edited by T. Chandra and T.Sakai A Publication of TIMS Minerals • Metals • Materials
THERMEC97
International Conferenceon
Thermomechanical Processing of Steelsand
Other Materials
TECHNISCHRVolume I
UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEKr ,.L , , HANNOVER
Edited byT. Chandra
andT.Sakai
A Publication of
TIMSMinerals • Metals • Materials
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
Dedication v
Preface vii
Topic Co-Ordinators ixCo-Operating Organizations ixInternational Committee ix
Acknowledgments xi
KEYNOTE PAPERS
An Internal State Variable Approach to Modelling Microstructural EvolutionDuring Thermomechanical Processing 3
CM. Sellars
The Physical Metallurgy of Thermomechanical Processing of MicroalloyedSteels 13
A.J. DeArdo
Dynamic Recrystallization in Strip Mills — Industrial Fact or MetallurgicalFiction? 31
J.J. Jonas
Metallurgical Framework of Direct-Quenching of Steel 47I. Kozasu
Critical Challenges in the Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Hot-RolledSteel Strip 57
I.V. Samarasekera, D.Q. Jin, and J.K. Brimacombe
The Effect of Second-Phase Particles on the Annealing of Deformed AluminiumAlloys — A Theoretical Approach 67
F.J. Humphreys
Microstructure Development by Thermomechanical Processing in DuplexStainless Steel and P Titanium Alloy 77
T. Maki, T. Furuhara, and K. Tsuzaki
Thermomechanical Processing of High-Strength and Mild Flat-Rolled Steels 87L. Meyer, F. Heisterkamp, K. Hulka, and W. Miischenborn
Aluminum Alloys and the Thermal Processing Associated with AutomotiveSheet 99
D.J. Lloyd and A.K. Gupta
Theory of Grain Growth in the Presence of Textures and its TopologicalFoundation 109
K. Liicke, R. Brandt, and G. Abbruzzese
The Metadynamic Recrystallisation of Steels 121P.D. Hodgson
INVITED PAPERS
MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING AND DEVELOPMENT
STEELS
New Temperature Control Concept for Bar and Wire Rod Mills — PlantTechnology, Computer Simulation and Results 139
M. Kruse and U. Plociennik
The Development of Warm Rolled Strip Products at BHP New Zealand Steel 147P.A. Bagshaw and R.J. Kimber
Establishment of Specifications for Automatic Die Casting System 155Y.-C. Jeng and Y.-J. Huang
The Mechanisms of Secondary Recrystallization in 3%Silicon-Iron: Role of theMetallurgical Parameters 163
S. Fortunati, G. Abbruzzese, and S. Cicale
Enhanced Fuzzy Inference Control for Strip Thickness in a Rolling Mill 171S. Wang and A.K. Tieu
Toughening of an Fe-18%Ni Martensitic Alloy Through Martensitic Reversion 179T. Hara and S. Takaki
A Theoretical Approach for Solute Drag Effect on Recrystallization of Fe 187M. Suehiro and T. Senuma
Effect of C, N, Mn and Mo on the Ms and Md Temperatures in High-PurityFe-18%Cr-10%Ni Stainless Steels 195
M. Tanino, C.-M. Liu, A. Tsuchiya, and T. Matsuo
Microstructure Control of a High Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel by PartialSolution Treatment 203
T. Tsuchiyama and S. Takaki
Development of Steels with Low Ar3-Temperature for Austenitic Hot RolledStrip Applications 209
F. Leysen, S. van den Bossche, D. Vanderschueren, and J. Dilewijns
Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Thermomechanicaland Microstructural Evolution of Steels During Hot-Rolling 217
E. dos Santos Radespiel, A.J. da Silva, W. Reick, and M.A.C. da Silva
Interrupted-Accelerated Gas Cooling of AISI4130 Steel 225F. Fazeli and R. Mahmudi
The Nature of Slip and Energy Storage Process During Uniaxial TensileDeformation of Austenitic Steel 233
W. Oliferuk and A. Korbel
The Hot Deformation Behaviour of Avesta 254 SMO and 316L AusteniticStainless Steels 241
A.A. Holmvik, J.K. Solberg, and J. Perttula
Lessons Learned from Sheet Forming Benchmark Tests 249R.H. Wagoner and S. Sriram
New Grain Formation During Warm Deformation of Materials with HighandLowSFE 257
A. Belyakov, H. Miura, and T. Sakai
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Seamless Steel Pipes byMicroalloying and Thermomechanical Processing 265
J.I. San Martin, M.A. Linaza, J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, and M. Fuentes
Thermomechanical Processing During Direct Charging of Thin Slabs of Steel 273R. Kaspar and H. Bruns
Dissolution of Cementite During Heavy Deformation in a Pearlitic Steel 281S. Takaki and Y. Kimura
The Effects of Solidification Microstructure and Alloy Elements on Strip RollProperties of High Speed Steel 287
S.W. Kim, K.D. Woo, J.K. Kim, and S.W. Han
The Thermoelectric Power (TEP) Study of Interstitial-Free (IF) Steel SheetBefore and After Galvanizing 295
Y. Zhang, J.H. Sokolowski, and D.O. Northwood
Relationship Between Work Hardening Rate and Activation Parameters inHot Deformation 303
R.K. Oruganti and K.P. Rao
Enhancement of Accuracy in Hot Compression Results with theConsideration of Testing Machine Characteristics 311
Y.M. Lam and K.P. Rao
Influence of Aluminium on Hardness and Microstructure of Low CarbonVanadium Micro-Alloyed Steels 319
Y. Li and T.N. Baker
Thermomechanical Processing of High Tensile Plates and AssociatedWeldability Properties 327
R. Datta, D. Mukerjee, and S. Mishra
Cold Working of Austenitic, Stainless Steels Determination of Microstructuraland Mechanical Properties 339
J. Wolf
Modeling of Softening and Precipitation During the Hot Strip Rolling ofNiobium Steels 347
F. Siciliano, Jr., T.M. Maccagno, B.D. Nelson, and J.J. Jonas
Normal and Abnormal Grain Growth in AISI304/304 Cu Stainless Steels 355P.O. Santacreu, F. Cayer-Barrioz, and C. Pedarre
Boron Segregation on Grain Boundary During Recrystallization 363C. Huaiyang, H. Xinlai, and Z. Rentao
Prediction of Site Saturation Temperature and Ferrite Grain Size ina Low Carbon Nb Steel 371
X. Liu and L.P. Karjalainen
Cycle Precipitation of Fe4N in Nitrided Ferritic Iron Alloys 379M. Sakamoto
Microstructural Study of Softening Processes in a Duplex Stainless SteelDeformed in Hot Torsion 387
P. Cizek, B.P. Wynne, P.J. Hurley, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson
Strengthening and Toughening of Low-Carbon High-Strength Steels byAusforming 395
K. Takahashi and M. Hashimoto
Initial Orientation Dependence of Recrystallization in Hot-Deformed FerriticSteel 403
N. Tsuji, Y. Saito, and T. Shinmiya
Effect of Processing Conditions on Ferrite Grain Coarsening in 0.1%C Steel 411A. Schmickl, D. Yu, and T. Chandra
Studies on the Bake-Hardening Behaviour of Microalloyed Ultra Low CarbonSteels 419
Z. Simanovic, U.J. Brand, M. Ichikawa, and S.V. Subramanian
The Mechanisms of Ferrite Nucleation at Intragranular Inclusions in Steel 427M. Enomoto
The Effect of Prior Deformation of Austenite on Toughness Property inUltra-Low Carbon Bainitic Steel 435
J.R. Yang, C.S. Chiou, and C.Y. Huang
The Synthetic Effect of Trace Boron with Other Alloying Elements DuringThermal-Mechanical Treatments 443
X. He, S. Yang, and T. Zhou
Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of a 45kg GradeC-Mn Hot Rolled Steel Sheet 451
J.-L. Lee, C.-C. Yang, and I.-C. Hsuan
High Temperature Hot-Shortness in Low C Steels Revisited by Modelling thePrecipitation Kinetics of MnS 459
R.A. Hubert and C. Standaert
Development of Steel Grades Combining Strength and Deep Drawability 467J. Dilewijns, D. Vanderschueren, M. Baetens, K. Mols, and S. Claessens
Thermomechanical Processing of Mo-Nb High Strength Steels forApplication to X70 and X80 ERW Linepipe 475
J.G. Williams, C.R. Killmore, P.D. Edwards, and P.G. Kelly
The Effect of Carbon on the Hot Deformation and Recrystallisation ofAustenite 483
D.C. Collinson, P.D. Hodgson, and C.H.J. Davies
Evolution of Precipitate Distributions During Thermomechanical Processingof Steels 491
B.S. Nelson, F. Zhang, and J.D. Boyd
Deformation Behaviour and Austenite Recrystallization of Ti Treated HSLASteels Containing Bimodal Particle Size Distributions 499
D. Yu, T. Chandra, and F.J. Barbara
Advances in Ferrite TMP of Low Carbon Steels 507J.C. Herman, A.De Paepe, and V. Leroy
The Effect of Nitrogen on the Microstructural Evolution of Low CarbonManganese Steels 515
M. Staiger, C.H.J. Davies, B. Jessop, P.D. Hodgson, and A. Brownrigg
Use of Stress Relaxation Compression Testing to Monitor Recrystallizationin Ultra and Extra Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels 523
J.M. Silveira e Silva, R. Barbosa, and W. Dahl
Hot Ductility Behaviour of Carbon Steels Through the Two-Phase(Ferrite + Austenite) Region 531
M.A. Hodgson and W.G. Ferguson
Effect of Carbon Content on the Hot Flow Stress and DynamicRecrystallisation Behaviour of Plain Carbon Steels 539
J. Jaipal, C.H.J. Davies, B.P. Wynne, D.C. Collinson, A. Brownrigg,and P.D. Hodgson
Effects of Thermomechanical Processing in a + y Region on RetainedAustenite Parameters of Trip-Aided Dual-Phase Steels 547
K.-I. Sugimoto, M. Kobayashi, H. Shirasawa, and T. Miyoshi
Effects of Vanadium Addition and Hot Rolling Conditions on Microstructureand Deep Drawability of Low Carbon Steel Sheets 555
J. Dille, J. Charlier, Ch. Ducarne, and Y. Riquier
Deformation and Surface Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless SteelsDuring Hot Rolling 563
Y.-H. Kim, S.-D. Shim, S.-M. Hwang, and Y.-D. Lee
Study of Hot Ductility of Microalloyed Steels Under Continuous CastingConditions 571
H. Zhang, Z. Lu, and B. Wu
Direct Hot Rolling of Thin Slabs of Ti-Nb Microalloyed Steel 579E. Essadiqi, D. Baragar, and G.E. Ruddle
Efficiency of Polygonized Structure Obtained by ThermomechanicalProcessing of Steels 587
L.M. Kaputkina and S.V. Dobatkin
Ferrite Rolling of Interstitial Free Steels 595Z. Yao and B.K. Zuidema
Microstructural Evolution of an Austenitic Stainless Steel During a ComplexHot Forging Sequence 603
H. Tsukahara, A.M. Chaze, Y. Chastel, J.L. Noyes, and S. Hollard
Softening Behaviour of Mild Steels During Hot Deformation in the Austeniteand Ferrite Range 611
W. Bleck and H. Langner
Thermomechanical Treatments of New Medium Carbon MicroalloyedBainitic Steels: Microstructural and Mechanical Properties 621
F. Penalba, M. Carsi, C. Garcia, I. Gutierrez, F. Zapirain, and M.T. Larrea
Precipitation Control of Cold Rolled Mild Steel Sheets in Thin Slab-DirectHot Rolling Processes 629
K. Kawasaki, T. Senuma, S. Akamatsu, T. Hayashida, S. Sanagi,and O. Akisue
Control of Duplex Grain Structure at Edge of Hot Rolled Steel Sheets 637J. Haji, J. Wakita, O. Kawano, T. Nakamoto, H. Agario, and M. Takahashi
Ferrite Grain Refinement Through Intra-Granular Ferrite Transformation onVN Precipitates in TMCP of HSLA Steel 645
T. Kimura, A. Ohmori, F. Kawabata, and K. Amano
Dynamic Recrystallization of Ferrite in IF Steel 653Y. Matsubara, N. Tsuji, and Y. Saito
The Pre-Precipitation Stage During Thermomechanical Processing 661W.J. Liu and E. Essadiqi
The Use of Hot Torsion Stress Relaxation Testing to Study Kinetics ofPrecipitation in Extra Low Carbon Steels Microalloyed with Ti, Nb and B 669
J.M. Silveira e Silva, R. Barbosa, and W. Dahl
Thermomechanically Controlled Rolled Higher Strength MicroalloyedStructural Plate Steels 677
D.J. Langley, D.R. Smith, G.R. Harris, and C.R. Killmore
Microstructural Evolution During the Thermomechanical Processing ofV-Containing and Nb-Containing HSLA Steels 685
W.P. Sun, M. Militzer, E.B. Hawbolt, and T.R. Meadowcroft
The Effects of Thermomechanical Processing on the Hardenability of Boron-Containing Low Carbon Plate Steels 693
K. Carney, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss
Multi-Phase Steel for Coated High Strength Cold Rolled Strip 701V. Nicholls and R. Smith
Microstructure Evolution in an Austenitic Stainless Steel Deformed inHot Torsion Within the Dynamic Recovery Regime 709
P. Cizek, B.P. Wynne, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson
Effect of Hot Deformation on Continuous Cooling Bainitic Transformationin a Low Carbon Steel 717
G.D. Wang, Z.D. Wang, J.B. Qu, Z.Y. Jiang, and X.H. Liu
The Influence of Titanium on the Lower Recrystallization Temperature ofNiobium Microalloyed Steels 725
J.K. Solberg, R. Gjengedal, and G.B. Johansen
Effects of Lubrication on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ofUltra-Low Carbon Steels 733
O. Kwon, J. Lee, and G. Kim
On Carbonitride Precipitation in Microalloyed Hot Strip Steels During Coiling 741H.-J. Kestenbach
Effect of TMP and Mn Content on the CCT Behaviour of Ti-Nb-MoMicroalloyed Steels 749
P.A. Manohar and T. Chandra
Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processes for High Strength and Toughnessin Heavy Plates and Strips of HSLA-Steels 757
T. Siwecki, G. Engberg, and A. Cuibe
Dynamic y—HX Transformation During Hot Deformation in Low Carbon Steels 765H. Yada, C. Li, H. Yamagata, and K. Tanaka
Mechanical Behaviour of Steels Under Hot-Working Conditions 771E.S. Puchi, N. Silk, and CM. Sellars
The Effect of Strain Path During Hot Rolling on the Recrystallisation Kineticsof 316 Stainless Steel 779
R.L. Higginson and CM. Sellars
Effect of Cooling Conditions on the Microstructure and MechanicalProperties of a HSLA Bainitic Steel 787
P.C.M. Rodrigues, A.B. Cota, and D.B. Santos
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Fe-C-Mn-Si-XMultiphase Steels 795
H.J. Koh, S.K. Lee, S. Lee, S.H. Park, K.S. Shin, and N.J. Kim
Microstructural Characterisation of Strip Steel After SimulatedThermomechanical Processing and Accelerated Cooling 803
E.V. Pereloma and P.D. Hodgson
Hot Working of As-Cast and As-Worked 408 Stainless Steel 811H.J. McQueen, E.V. Konopleva, M. Sauerborn, N.D. Ryan,and R.G. Zaripova
Strain Accumulation and Recrystallization in Multipass Deformation of aNb-Bearing HSLA Steel 819
L.P. Karjalainen, P. Kantanen, T.M. Maccagno, and J.J. Jonas
Precipitate Evolution in Ti-Nb and Ti-V Microalloyed Steels 827S.V. Subramanian and G.C. Weatherly
The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of LowCarbon Microalloyed Steels 837
B.P. Wynne, P. Cizek, C.H.J. Davies, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson
The Comparison Between the Manganese Sulfide Precipitation During HotCompression Process and Hot Rolling Process 845
V.A. Rodrigues, W.A. Monteiro, A.M.S. Silva, N.A.M. Ferreira,and L.C.E. Silva
Recrystallization Controlled Rolled and Accelerated Cooled ShipbuildingSteel 851
A. Tamminen, R. Laitinen, L. Myllykoski, D. Porter, and P. Sandvik
Effect of Ti and Al Addition on the Distribution of MnS Inclusion in SteelDuring Solidification 859
K. Oikawa, Y. Ohuchi, and K. Ishida
The Influence of Sulphides on the Hot Ductility of Steels 867B. Mintz, R. Abushosha, O.G. Comineli, and M.A. Loyola de Oliveira
Effect of Strain on the Transformation Characteristics of Low CarbonMicroalloyed Steels 875
P. Cizek, B.P. Wynne, C.H.J. Davies, B.C. Muddle, and P.D. Hodgson
A New Metaphor for Deterministic Flow Stress Models 883C.H.J. Davies and B.P. Wynne
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Dynamic Strain Aging Behavior of a Ti-IF Steel 891K. Dehghani, T.M. Maccagno, and J.J. Jonas
Hot Rolled Microalloyed Dual Phase Steels with High Strength andFormability 899
R. Soto, A. Charai, C. Issartel, X. Bano, and G. Rigaut
Application of Hot Deformation Structure State Maps to SchedulingThermomechanical Processing of Steels 907
S.V. Dobatkin and L.M. Kaputkina
An Inverse Solution for Reducing the Hot Torsion Test Results to theConstitutive Parameters 911
S. Khoddam, Y.C. Lam, and P.F. Thomson
Boron Distribution in 35MnBH Steel During Thermomechanical Processing 919D. Tan, X. He, R. Zhi, H. Zhu, J. Zhang, and R. Wu
Complex Zr-Bearing Carbonitrides in Zr-Nb Microalloyed HSLA Steels 925K. He, D.N. Crowther, and T.N. Baker
ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Progressive Sandwich Rolling Method for the Prevention of HerringboneFormation in Aluminum Foil Production 933
K. Nakagawa, H. Nagai, and T. Kawamoto
The Variation of Through Thickness Properties and Structure of AA 7010Thick Plate 941
S. Johansson, N.-E. Andersson, and X.-H. Zeng
Multistage Hot Rolling Simulation of Al and Al-5Mg 951H.J. McQueen and I. Poschmann
Effect of Preaging on Precipitation Hardening in Al-Si-Mg Alloys 959Y.-H. Tan, S.-L. Lee, and P.-S. Wang
Comparison of Hot Working Constitutive Analysis of AA5083 and AA5182 965H.J. McQueen and J. Belling
The Influence of Pre-Deformation and Preaging on Microstructure and TensileProperties in Al-Mg-Si Alloys 973
S.B. Kang, L. Zhen, H.W. Kim, and S.T. Lee
Creep Strength of RS/PM Al-Ni-Mm-Zr (Mm: Misch Metal) Alloys 979K.-I. Sugimoto, M. Kanda, M. Oguchi, and A. Inoue
Transient Dynamic Recrystallization in Aluminium Subjected to LargeReductions in Strain Rate 987
Y. Huang and F.J. Humphreys
Creep Behaviour and Continuous Precipitation of an Aluminum AlloyProduced by Powder Metallurgy 995
E. Evangelista, S. Spigarelli, E. Cerri, L. Kloc, and T.G. Langdon
Synthesis of AI3M and (AlMn^M Intermetallic-Dispersion-StrengthenedAl Alloys by Mechanical Alloying 1,003
S.Z. Han, S.I. Park, and H.M. Lee
Work-Hardening Characteristics of Aluminium Under Hot-WorkingConditions 1,011
E.S. Puchi and M.H. Staia
Rapid Annealing of Aluminium by Electrical Resistance Heating 1,019M. Ferry and D. Jones
HRTEM Observation of Precipitates in Al-Mg2Si Alloys — PrecipitationSequence 1,027
K. Matsuda, S. Ikeno, T. Sato, and A. Kamio
HRTEM Observation of Precipitates in Al-Mg2Si Alloys 2 — Effect ofThermo-Mechanical Treatment 1,035
K. Matsuda, Y. Uetani, F. Shinagawa, and S. Ikeno
Modelling the Evolution of Microstructures in Cold-Worked & AnnealedAluminium Alloy 1,043
T.J. Sabin, C.A.L. Bailer-Jones, S.M. Roberts, D.J.C. MacKay,and P.J. Withers
Effect of Zinc and Magnesium in Solid Solution on the Steady State FlowStress in AlZnMg-Alloys During Hot Deformation 1,051
B. Ronning and N. Ryum
Effects of Fe and Si Additions on Precipitation of 7050 Aluminum Alloys 1,059H. Tsubakino, A. Yamamoto, and T. Ohnishi
Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and MechanicalProperties of Aluminium Based Composites 1,065
S. Ling, T. Leung-Mun, and M. Gupta
Effect of Cross Slip on Recrystallization in Aluminum Single CrystalsDeformed in Tension 1,075
K. Kashihara, M. Tagami, I. Tanimoto, and F. Inoko
Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Al-Mg Alloys 1,083J. Hirsch
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Investigation of ThermomechanicalSpun AA 2014 Aluminum Tubes 1,095
Y. Chang, C.-A. Huang, W.-C. Han, S.-C Chang, Y.-T. Hung,T.-S. Shieh, Y.-P. Chiu, and C.-C Wang
Effect of Aging Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of the Mg-Li-Al-CuAlloy 1,103
N. Saito, M. Mabuchi, M. Nakanishi, M. Nakamura, K. Kubota,and K. Higashi
Reaction Squeeze Casting Process 1,111H. Fukunaga, G. Sasaki, and I. Tsuchitori
"Age-Hardening" Caused by Solid State Reactions in Mechanically AlloyedAluminum Based Materials 1,119
J. Kaneko, M. Sugamata, and D.G. Kim
Interactions Between Deformation, Recrystallisation and PhaseTransformations in an Al-Mg-Si Alloy 1,127
S.J. Lillywhite, F.J. Humphreys, and P.B. Prangnell
Effect of Billet Reheating Process and Transfer System on Workability inForging of Semi-Solid Aluminum Alloy 1,135
Y.C. Lee and C.G. Kang
The Improved Microstructures and Properties of 2024 Alloy Produced by aReciprocating Extrusion Method 1,143
S.-Y. Yuan and J.-W. Yeh
A New Reciprocating Extrusion Method for Producing High-Grade 7075Aluminum Alloys 1,151
J.-W. Yeh and Y.-S. Liao
VOLUME II
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
Effect of Extrusion Speed on the Surface Quality of an Aluminium MatrixComposite Profile 1,161
J. Zhou, J. Duszczyk, and L. Katgerman
Texture and Anisotropy Correlations in Ceramic Composites 1,169K.J. Bowman, P. Miller, Z. Guo, R. Roeder, and K.P. Trumble
Characterization of Optical Fiber Embedded Aluminum and Fiber ReinforcedAluminum Composites 1,177
H. Asanuma, T. Kishi, K. Ichikawa, H. Du, K. Maeno, C Prat,T. Chandra, and D. Yu
Processing of Jn-Situ Composites for High-Temperature StructuralApplications 1,185
C.R. Kao
Fabrication and Wear Resistance Properties of In Situ TiCp/Al Compositesby the Interfacial Reaction Between SiCp and Liquid Al-Ti Alloy 1,193
K.D. Woo, J.S. Lee, and S.W. Kim