www.inl.gov Thermal-Hydraulic Experimental Facilities for Advanced Reactor Development at INL Piyush Sabharwall, Ph.D. Adv. Heat Transport Lead Nuclear Staff Researcher, Systems Integration Department Nuclear Science and Technology Division Idaho National Laboratory July 13, 2017, NSUF/GAIN Nuclear Thermal-Hydraulics Workshop, Idaho Falls, ID
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Thermal-Hydraulic Experimental Facilities forAdvanced Reactor Development at INL
Piyush Sabharwall, Ph.D.Adv. Heat Transport LeadNuclear Staff Researcher, Systems Integration DepartmentNuclear Science and Technology DivisionIdaho National Laboratory
July 13, 2017, NSUF/GAIN Nuclear Thermal-Hydraulics Workshop, Idaho Falls, ID
Contents• OBJECTIVE
• EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES
– ARTIST (Design-Phase)
• Salt Preparation and Purification Setup
• Molten Salt Transfer Experiment
– MISTER
– SPECTR
– MIR
• CONCLUSIONS
Advanced Reactor Technology Integral System Test (ARTIST) Facility
High-temperature multi-fluid, multi-loop test facility to support thermal hydraulic, materials, and thermal energy storage research for nuclear and nuclear-hybrid applications is being developed.
O’Brien, J. E., Sabharwall, P., and Yoon, S., and Housley, G. K., “Strategic Need for a Multi-Purpose Thermal Hydraulic Loop for Support of Advanced Reactor Technologies,” INL/EXT-14-33300, October, 2014.
Sabharwall, P., O’Brien, J.E., and Yoon, S.J., “Experimental facility for development of high-temperature reactor technology: instrumentation needs and challenges,” EPJ Nuclear Science and Technology, 2015
ARTIST Facility Engineering and Research Objectives• Performance evaluation of candidate compact heat exchangers such as printed
circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) at prototypical operating conditions for IHX and SHX applications
• Characterization of flow and heat transfer issues related to core thermal hydraulics in advanced helium-cooled and salt-cooled reactors, and evaluation of corrosion behavior of new cladding materials and accident-tolerant fuels for LWRs at prototypical conditions
• Provide V&V data for new TH codes • Demonstration of advanced instrumentation at prototypical conditions• Integration with co-located energy systems for characterization of dynamic
behavior
• INL has initiated development of a new multi-fluid multi-loop thermal hydraulic test facility at INL, and associated technology development
• Based on its relevance to advanced reactor systems, the new test facility has been named the Advanced Reactor Technology Integral System Test (ARTIST) facility
New INL Experimental Capability
3-D CAD model of the ARTIST Facility
O’Brien, J.E., Sabharwall, P., Yoon S.J., and Housley, G.K., “Strategic Need for Multi-Purpose Thermal Hydraulic Loop for Support of Advanced Reactor Technologies,” External Report, INL/EXT-14-33300, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, September, 2014.
Process flow diagram for the ARTIST test facility
High Temperature Test Section
Intermediate-T Test Section
He
Helium Circulator
Helium Supply and Pressurizer
He-He Recuperator
(60 kW)
Chiller
High Temperature Gas Heater
(60 kW)
Flow Meter (11300 SLPM)
Cooling Water
IHX(55 kW)
Salt Storage/ Drain Tank and
Circulation Pump
Helium Loop Liquid Salt Loop
Thermal Energy Storage
(275 kW hr)
Flow Meter(1 kg/s)
SHX/Steam Generator
(55 kW)
Auxiliary Heater (75 kW)
Water Storage and Deaeration
Tank
Chiller
Flow Meter(16.5 LPM)
Steam/Water Loop
Cooling Water
Process Feed
Process Return
Process Feed
Deae
ratio
n ve
nt
Deae
ratio
n ve
nt
Circulation Pump
Process Return
High Temperature Test Section
High
Tem
pera
ture
Te
st S
ectio
n
Heat Tracing
PT
T
T P
T
TT
P
T P
TP
Deae
ratio
n ve
nt
Vacuum Pump
T
T
T
Water Chemistry Control
Salt Chemistry Control
Vacuum Pump
Auxiliary heater
N2
Fill line
Vent
Accumulator
15 MPa
∆P ∆P
TP
Inert cover gas
7 MPa, 750°C 0.2 MPa, 480°C15 MPa,
325°C
6.8 MPa, 450°C
0.19
MPa
, 43
0°C
15 MPa, 50°C
7.1 MPa, 50°C
0.2 MPa, 430°C
15 MPa, 50°C
6.5 MPa, 100°C
TP
7.0 M
Pa,
400°
C
0.2 M
Pa,
430°
C
15 MPa, 275°C
15 MPa, 50°C
H2O-H2O recuperator/
condenser (200 kW)
∆P ∆P
15 MPa, 117°C
T
Fil l line
P
T∆P ∆P
TT
TT
T
TP
T
T P
T
T
T
∆P ∆P
∆P
∆P ∆P
∆P
∆P
6.4 M
Pa,
31°C
High-Pressure Water Flow Loop
• Designed to operate at PWR conditions
• Can support both forced and natural circulation modes
• Will be deployed at the INL Energy Systems Laboratory during FY17
• Co-located with various hybrid energy systems
• Currently in final design phaseH 2
O-H 2
O Rec
upera
tion /
co
nden
ser H
PW-CO
ND-01
High-pressure PumpHPW-PMP-02
N2
Circulation PumpHPW-PMP-01
Self-venting Regulator
N2-REG-0115 MPa
Accumulator TankHPW-TK-02
Flowmeter (0-20 gpm)HPW-FM-01
T
P
Chiller(Located Outside)
CWS-CH-01
Deaeration Vent
HPW-HV-08
HPW-CK-01
Auxiliary HeaterHPW-AH-01
HPW
-MOV
-06
Process Feed
2" HPW
Process Return
2" HPW
HPW-MOV-05
HPW-MOV-03
∆P ∆P
HPW-MOV-07
HPW
-MOV
-02
∆P
Heat
Excha
nger
and
Coole
rHP
W-H
X-01
Primary Water Storage TankHPW-TK-01
IW Water Fill
HPW-PRV-01
HPW-TC-08
Nitrogen Pressurizer Gas
N2-TK-01
N2-PRV-01
Vent
N2-H
V-01
HPW-HV-09
HPW-HV-05HPW-HV-04
HPW-PT-01
HPW-TC-01
HPW-PT-02
HPW-TC-02 T
P
HPW-TC-07
HPW-PT-03
HPW-TC-03
HPW-PT-04
HPW-TC-04
T
P HPW-PT-05
HPW-TC-05CWS-FM-01
CWS-TC-02
CWS-TC-01
2 ½" CWR
2 ½" CWR
FC Loop Pressure Relief
T
¼-in N2 line
¼-in tubing ¼-in tubing
Note: HPW-SV-01 and HPW-SV-02 should be automatically closed in the event of a PRV trip
Specific Research topics: Water Loop High-Temperature Test Section
• prototypic evaluation of new cladding materials accident-tolerant fuel materials• characterization of thermal, chemical, and structural properties of candidate
advanced fuel cladding materials and designs under various simulated flow and internal heating conditions to mimic operational reactor conditions prior to in-reactor testing
• evaluate performance of advanced heat exchanger designs such as PCHEs for high-temperature, high-pressure heat transfer with intermediate fluids such as molten salts
• flow-induced vibration of simulated sodium-cooled reactor fuel rod bundles• reactor-safety-relevant natural circulation studies• provide dynamic thermal energy source for co-located systems including HTE
and thermal energy storage systems
Supplemental Heat~315 C (600 F)
ARTIST PWR Flow Loop~325 C (600 F) Heat Source
INL 25kW High TemperatureElectrolysis Test Station
Chiller (heat sink)
RTDS Supervisory Control(issues commands based
on monitored grid conditions)
Computer controlled molten salt thermal energy storage
Overall DETAIL Facility Display and Data Acquisition
RTDS Data & CommandsThermal Supervisory Data & CommandsHeat FlowCoolant FlowElectrical Power Flow
Turnkey 25-100 kW High TemperatureElectrolysis Demonstration Infrastructure
Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL)
Salt Preparation and Purification Setup&
Molten Salt Transfer Experiment
Molten Salt Transfer Experiment
primary test vesselsalt storage vessel
500 sccm
heated fluid transfer line
He
P
T
molten salt line heater
coolingwater in
T
T
T
T T
tolaboratoryexhaust (4"stack)
filter
doll kiln
10psig
75 psigfloworifice
1/2"
1/4"spareinstrumentationpenetration(capped)
topurificationexperiment
T T
T
T
T
Hepurge linetopurificationexperiment
control
over-Temp
control
over-Temp
over-Temp
tube1/8"fromvessel bottom tube3/8"from
vessel bottom
over-Temp
controlcontrol
T
coolingwaterout10psig
T1/2"A
B
C
D
He-1He-2
He-3
R-3
• Liquid salts will be transferred from one pot to another to validate high temperature trace heating and flow measurement methods
• Primary system components include an inert gas supply, mass flow controller, pressure relief valve, pressure transducer, a water-cooled furnace assembly, a doll kiln, a primary test vessel, fluid storage vessel, a filter, and a heat-traced fluid transfer line
Salt Preparation and Purification to support ARTIST
Glove box for molten salt preparation and salt transfer/flow experiment.
Salt Preparation, property measurement, and flow experiment
Nickel (alloy 201) vessels for salt purification and transfer experiments
FLiNaK ingot top surfaceFLiNaK ingot and glassy carbon crucible
a) unpurified b) after one purification run
H2 He He+HF
to laboratoryexhaust (processgas with HF)
outlet gassensor
glovebox boundary
salt transfer guide tube(capped during purification)
ventilated gassafety cabinet
Psolonoidvalve
glovebox pressurerelief (0.18 psi)
floworifice
He purge
cooling waterin/out
T
T
ArorN2
Ar (or N2) outlet togas safety cabinet andlaboratory exhaust
Ventilation Air outlet tolaboratory exhaust (6 in)
Ar or N2
75 psig
H2+He
He/HF
He purge
H2
75 psig
50 SLPM
500 sccm
500 sccm
100 sccm
Antechamber
solonoidvalve
10 psig
to transferexperiment
0.18 psi
75 psig
75 psig
Ts
T
control
over-Temp
vent to room
T
Ts
Ts
H2 vent
T
850 psig
10 psig
Ar-2
Ar-3
Ar-4
HeHF-1
H2-1
He-1
He-2He-3 He-4
P-1
P-2
P-3
R-1 R-2 R-3R-4
R-5
H2-2
GasManifold
Salt Preparation and Purification (Hydrofluorination HF/H2/He)
• Gain experience with safe methods of fluoride salt mixture handling, preparation, and purification• Characterize salt impurities • Measure eutectic salt mixture thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity and specific heat
Yoon, S., O’Brien, J.E., Chen, M., Sabharwall, P., and Sun, X., “Development and Validation of Nusselt Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Laminar flow in Semi-circular Zigzag Channel of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger,” Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017
Component Test Facilities (Test Rigs)
Mixed Stream Test Rig (MISTER): Corrosion Testing of Small Specimens in Multiple/varied Gas Streams
Conceptual drawing of MISTER
• Provides high pressure/temperature gas mixtures to small test article
• Furnace temperatures up to 1000°C• Completed first test of HTSE alloys
Loading specimen into MISTER using quartz boats
• Completed start-up in January 2011 (L2 milestone)• 500 hour test of high temperature electrolysis “balance
of plant” specimens completed• Specimens undergoing analysis• Minor upgrades, additions to spares, etc., completed
in April 2011Kevin Dewall*
Small Pressure Cycling Test Rig (SPECTR): Mechanical Testing of Small (up to 8 in3 HX sections)
• Provides high pressure gas to primary and secondary of test article
• Furnace temperatures up to 1000°C
• Operational summer 2011 (L2 milestones)
• Capable of SOEC pressurized testing for TRL 5
SPECTR Purpose• Proof test diffusion bonded IHX
to draft ASME code case procedure
• Demonstrate IHX performance for cyclic pressures
• Used to answer several DDNs
SPECTR furnace fabrication at AVSBill Landman*
SPECTR system viewed from inside Bay W-3 of IEDF
Test article gas supply and exhaust system
Landman, W.H., “SPECTR System Operational Test Report.,” INL/EXT-11-22903, August 2011.
Main Display Screen for Control System
Matched Index of Refraction Flow Facility
(https://mir.inl.gov)
Stoots, C., S. Becker, K. Condie, F. Durst, and D. McEligot, 2001, “A Large Scale Matched Index of Refraction Flow Facility for LDA Studies Around Complex Geometries,” Exp. in Fluids, Vol. 30, pp. 391–398.
Conder, T.E., “Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in a Representative Gas Cooled Prismatic Reactor Core Model For the Estimation of ByPass Flow,” Doctoral Dissertation, December 2012.
MIR Experiment Facility• INL has a variety of 21st century (i.e. state of the art) flow facilities and
measurement techniques applicable to code/model for verification and validation
Match Index of Refraction Facility
Particle Image Velocimetry
• Bypass Flow Experiment (CFD under predicted the flow through the gap)– complex flow geometry– experimental results needed for CFD analysis
• To measure entropy generation rate within the bypass transitional region of the boundary layer ( ‘bypass’ is bypassing the Tollmein Schlichting waves of transition in quite laminar flow by introducing high turbulence in the freestream away from the plate)
Technical Specifications
Characteristic Specification
Test Section Cross Section
0.61 m × 0.61 m (24 in × 24 in)
Test Section Length 2.44 M (8 FT)
Contraction Ratio 4:1
Working Fluid Drakeol #5 Light Mineral Oil
Index-Matching Temperature (ºC)
Laser Wavelength Dependent
Mineral Oil Density Matching Temperature Dependent
Refractive Index of Mineral Oil and Fused Quartz
Matching Temperature Dependent
Mineral Oil Kinematic Viscosity
Matching Temperature Dependent
Temperature Control External
Maximum Inlet Velocity 1.9 m/s (6.2 ft/s)Inlet Turbulence Intensity 0.5%–15%
Data from old experiments
Conduct new experiments
Experimental guided models for validation
Assess new safety measures: Passive decay heat removal Natural circulation
Uncertainty quantification
Develop new instrumentation techniques (if required)
Demonstrate new reactor concept features and improved correlations
Conclusions• Exciting challenges ahead!
• Innovative ideas needed to drive down costs.
• Successful demonstration are needed to gain utility, regulator, and public confidence.