There are a series of English words which are frequently
confused by students
1. BRING VS. TAKE VS. CARRY VS. FETCH
2. CRITIC VS. CRITIQUE VS. REVIEW
3. KILL VS. MURDER VS. ASSASSINATE
4. WAIT VS. EXPECT VS. HOPE
5. FAULT VS. BLAME VS. ACCUSE
6. BESIDE VS. BESIDES
7.- CHAIR VS. SEAT
8.- CLASSIC VS. CLASSICAL
9.-COOK VS. COOKER .
10.- CONTROL VS. INSPECT
11.- DISH VS. PLATE
12.- ECONOMIC VS. ECONOMICAL
13.- EFFICIENT VS. EFFECTIVE
14.- FLOOR VS. GROUND
15.- ADVICE VS ADVISE
16.- ALONE / LONELY
17.- ALTOGETHER VS ALL TOGETHER
18.- ANY ONE VS ANYONE
19.- ANY VS SOME
20.- APART VS A PART
21.- BEEN VS GONE
22.- BESIDE VS BESIDES
23.- BORROW VS LEND
24.- FOR VS. DURING (durante)
25.- BY VS. UNTIL
26.- OPPOSITE VS. IN FRONT OF
26.- COME OVER (V) VS OVERCOME (N)
27.- COMPLEMENT (V) VS COMPLIMENT (N)
28.- TITLE / HEADLINE
29.- WHILE / DURING
30.- CONSCIENCE VS CONSCIOUS
31.- COUNCIL VS COUNSEL
32.- DISCREET VS DISCRETE
33.- DON'T HAVE TO VS MUSTN'T
34.- DOWNSIDE VS UNDERSIDE
35.- DRIVING TEST VS TEST DRIVE
36.- EITHER VS AS WELL / TOO
37.- EVERY DAY VS EVERYDAY
38.- PASSED VS PAST
39.- EXPERIENCE VS EXPERIENCE(S)
40.- FEWER VS LESS
41.- AMONG VS BETWEEN
42.- AMOUNT VS NUMBER
43.- FOR VS SINCE
44.- GOOD VS WELL
45.- HARD VS HARDLY
46.-CONTINUAL VS CONTINUOS
47.- HEAR VS LISTEN
48.- SEE VS LOOK AT VS WATCH
49.- FINISH /END
50.- LOOK FORWARD / FORWARDS VS LOOK FORWARD TO
51.- LOOK OVER VS OVERLOOK
52.- LOOSE VS LOSE
53.- MOST VS THE MOST
54.- MOST VS MOSTLY
55.- NOR VS OR
56.- OVERTAKE VS TAKEOVER / TAKE OVER
57.- RAISE VS RISE
58.- REGARD / REGARDLESS / REGARDS59.- REMEMBER VS REMIND VS
RECALL VS RECOLLECT
60.- SAY / SAID VS TELL / TOLD
61.- SHORTAGE VS SHORTNESS
62.- SO VS SUCH
63.- TAKE CARE VS TAKE CARE OF
64.- THAT, WHICH, WHO
65.- TRAVEL, TRIP VOYAGE OR JOURNEY?
65.- USED TO VS USED TO DO
66.- WHAT VS WHICH
67.- WRONG VS WRONGLY adverbs.
68.- LITTLE VS FEW
69.- ALL AND EVERY
70.- VACANCY - VACATION / HOLIDAY
71.- QUIET AND STILL
72.- OPEN AND OPENED
73.- MARRIAGE AND WEDDING
74.- MARMALADE AND JAM
75.- MADE OF - MADE FROM
76.- FUN AND FUNNY
77.- FIT AND SUIT
78.- FOREIGNER AND STRANGER
79.- CUISINE AND KITCHEN
80.- BRING UP AND EDUCATE
81.- APPOINTMENT DATE
82.- BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER
82.- SALARY AND WAGES
83.- BIG, GREAT, HIGH, LARGE, TALL
84.- DISABILITY, HANDICAP, IMPAIRMENT
85.- DEAD / DIED
86.- FEMALE / FEMININE
87.- ANXIOUS AND EAGER
88.- PRACTICABLE AND PRACTICAL
89.- OTHER, OTHERS AND ANOTHER
90.- ESPECIALLY VS SPECIALLY91.- DISINTERESTED OR
UNINTERESTED
92.- NOUGHT, ZERO, OH, NIL
93.- POSSIBILITY VS OPPORTUNITY VS CHANCE
94.- LAWYER , ATTORNEY , SOLICITOR , BARRISTER
95.- ON TIME, IN TIME, IN THE END , AT THE END
96.- ARBITRATOR VS UMPIRE VS REFEREE
97.- NOTICE VS REALIZE
98.- KNOW, FIND OUR, DISCOVER AND REALIZED
99.- 'REFUSE', 'REJECT' , 'DENY' AND DECLINE
100.-TOO VS ENOUGH
101.- AMOUNT OF VS QUANTITY OF VS NUMBER OF
102.-CLOTH / CLOTHES
103.- ECONOMIC VS. ECONOMICAL
104.- LAST / LATEST
105.- CASE / SITUATION
106.-REALISE / UNDERSTAND
107.- CONDITION VS CONDITIONS
108.- CAREER VS DEGREE
109.- PAY VS PAY FOR
110.- PLENTY OF VS A LOT OF VS A LARGE AMOUNT OF
111.- LIKE / AS / UNLIKE / SUCH AS
112.-ACTUALLY VS AT THE MOMENT
113.- AFTER VS AFTER THAT (AFTERWARDS)
114. - ASK VS ASK FOR115.- FUN VS FUNNY
116.- HOME VS HOUSE
117.- LANDSCAPE VS SCENERY118.- FOR VS BECAUSE OF
119.- IN SPITE OF / DESPITE / ALTHOUGH
120.- ABOUT VS AS FOR121.- ARGUE VS DISCUSS
122.- EVER MIND VS DONT CARE VS DOESNT MATTER
123.- AVOID VS PREVENT
124.- LOOK VS SEEM VS SOUND VS FEEL125.- CONSIST. COMPRISE.
CONSTITUTE. COMPOSE
126.-DIFFER FROM / DIFFER WITH
127.-HEALTHFUL / HEALTHY
128.- IMPLY / INFER
129.- LEAVE / LET
130.- DOWNSIDE VS UNDERSIDE
131.- DISINTERESTED / UNINTERESTED
132.-FIGURATIVELY / LITERALLY
133.-HISTORIC / HISTORICAL
134.-LIGHTENING / LIGHTNING
135.- BREATH vs BREATHE
136.-NEGLECT / IGNORE
137.-MODERN / CONTEMPORARY
138.-INHABITANT / RESIDENT
139.- COMPARE TO, COMPARE WITH; CONTRAST TO, CONTRAST WITH:
140.-CONSCIENCE, CONSCIOUSNESS, CONSCIENTIOUS, CONSCIOUS 141.-
DIFFERENT FROM, DIFFERENT THAN
142.-DILEMMA, PROBLEM:
143.- ENTITLED, TITLED
144.- ENVELOP, ENVELOPE
145.- ENVY, JEALOUSY
146.- FLAIR, FLARE:
147.-FULSOME, ABUNDANT:
148.-LOATH, LOATHE:
149.-NAUSEATED, NAUSEOUS:
150.-PEOPLE, PERSON:
151.-PERSONAL, PERSONNEL:
152.-MAINTAIN, RETAIN, HOLD, KEEP
153.- DELIVER VS SEND
154.- KEEN VS INTERESTED
155.- ACCUSTOMED VS ACQUAINTED
156.-FIT VS SUI VS MATCH
157.-BORDER VS FRONTIER VS BOUNDARY
159.- EXTEND VS EXPAND
160.-VIWER VS SPECTATOR VS AUDIENCE VS ONLOOKER
161.-REACH VS ACHIEVE
162.- FINISH VS END
163.- CRASH VS CRUSH
164.- LIKE VS ALIKE
165.-CONVEY VS PORTRAY
166.- DEVISE VS CONCEIVE
167.- CONSUMER VS CLIENT VS CUSTOMER168.- NAMED VS CALLED VS
KNOWN
169.-IN CASE VS IN CASE OF
170.-WHILE VS WHEREAS
171.- MUCH VS A LOT
172.- WISH VS DESIRE173.- LATE VS LATELY
174.-NEAR / CLOSE TO / TO CLOSE / TO BE CLOSED
175.- CLOSE VS SHUT
176.- CONVINCE VS PERSUADE
178.- STILL VS YET VS ALREADY
179.- EVER VS NEVER VS EVEN
180.- TRUE VS TRUTH
There are a series of English words which are frequently
confused by students. This article aims to identify them and
correct those mistakes.
1. BRING VS. TAKE VS. CARRY VS. FETCH
TO BRING (like "come") has the idea of movement towards the
speaker. Bring' is often used together with 'here' to indicate a
location close to the speaker.
TO TAKE (like "go") has the idea of movement away from the
speaker. 'Take' is often used together with 'there' to indicate a
location away from the speaker.
TO CARRY has the idea of going somewhere with sth. in your arms
or on your back, transporting it.
TO FETCH (like get) implies going somewhere, collecting
sth./s.o. and bringing it/him/her back to the place you started
from. Important Note: 'Fetch' is often used as a noun to speak
about the game of running and getting a ball or other toy with a
dog. Bring the book here.
Take the cat there.
Two African girls were carrying food on their heads.
We should offer to fetch uncle Tony from the station.
2. CRITIC VS. CRITIQUE VS. REVIEW
A CRITIC is a person who writes about films, books, etc.
A CRITIQUE is a text which criticises s.o. else's ideas or
policies.
A REVIEW is an article (by a critic) which evaluates a book,
film, etc.
The film critic wrote a damning review about the movie.
I have just read an excellent critique of Shakespeare.
3. KILL VS. MURDER VS. ASSASSINATE
TO KILL is the general word for taking the life of a person or
animal.
TO MURDER is to kill deliberately and unlawfully.
TO ASSASSINATE means to murder s.o. who is famous.
A body-guard was killed when the terrorists tried to assassinate
the President.
4. WAIT VS. EXPECT VS. HOPE
TO WAIT means to stay in a specific place until sth.
happens.
TO EXPECT means to believe that sth. is going to occur.
TO HOPE means to want sth. to occur.I'll wait for you here until
eight o'clock.
I expect my team will lose the match. I hope my team will
win.
5. FAULT VS. BLAME VS. ACCUSE
IT IS YOUR FAULT = YOU ARE TO BLAME. However, we don't say "to
have fault" but "to be to blame" "To find fault" means "to
criticise". To ACCUSE is to say that someone has acted wrongly.
They could have broken a law, or not acted in an expected way. The
wrong act can be positive or negative - someone did something or
did not do something. We ACCUSE S.O. OF DOING STH.
To Blame is to say that someone was responsible for something
that is wrong or goes wrong. We BLAME S.O. FOR STH.
Jack accused Jill of pushing him down the hill. He blamed her
for the fall and the bruises on his head.It's my fault and I only
can blame myself for what happened.Joe is to blame for the failure
of the project I blame Joe for the failure of the project
The failure of the project is Joe's fault
I accuse Joe of causing the project's failure.
6. BESIDE VS. BESIDES
BESIDE means "next to".
BESIDES means "in addition (to)", "also", "moreover"
You can sit down beside me if you want.
I don't like that TV programme. Besides, I don't have time to
watch it.
7.- CHAIR VS. SEAT
A CHAIR is a moveable seat for one person.
A SEAT is a place to sit in a cinema, train, bus, etc.
There are four chairs around the kitchen table. When I arrived
in the compartment someone was sitting in my seat.
8.- CLASSIC VS. CLASSICAL
CLASSIC means "best", "first-class" or "masterly".
CLASSICAL means "old and established" or "traditional".
His most recent novel is a classic.
I don't like classical music very much.
9.-COOK VS. COOKER .
A cook is a person who cooks.
A cooker is a machine for cooking food.
Jennifer is training to be a cook.
You should clean the cooker at least once a week.
10.- CONTROL VS. INSPECT
To CONTROL means "to have power over", "make s.o. or sth. do
what you want".
To INSPECT means "to check", "examine" or "verify".
Will the police be able to control the hooligans?
The ticket-officer inspected the passengers' tickets.
11.- DISH VS. PLATE
Both dish and plate can refer to round ceramic containers for
food. Food is often brought to the table in a DISH from which
people serve their individual PLATES. However, when plates (and
cups, etc.) are dirty they are called "the dishes". But when they
are clean they are called "plates". We use dish for a specific
combination of food.
Could you do the dishes and them put the clean plates away?
We need some more plates, could you fetch them?
Paella is my favourite dish.
12.- ECONOMIC VS. ECONOMICAL
ECONOMIC means "relating to the economy".
ECONOMICAL means "cheap", "inexpensive".
His thesis was about long-term economic growth.
I think you'll find out products very economical.
13.- EFFICIENT VS. EFFECTIVE
EFFICIENT means "quick and "without waste".
EFFECTIVE means "producing the result that you want"
This machine is very efficient, so you'll have a higher
production in less time with a lower electricity bill.
These pills are the most effective against headaches, though
they take slightly longer to take effect.
14.- FLOOR VS. GROUND
The FLOOR is what you walk on inside a building.
The GROUND is what you walk on outside a building.
Come indoors and clean the floor, will you?
In the morning the ground was frozen solid. 15.- ADVICE VS
ADVISE
ADVICE is a noun, (consejo).
ADVISE is a verb (aconsejar).
"I need someone to give me some advice.""I advise everybody to
be nice to their teacher."
Often in english the noun form ends in ...ice and the verb form
ends in ...ise.
16.- ALONE / LONELY
ALONE, can be used as an adjective or adverb. Either use means
without other people or on your own.
LONELY is an adjective which means you are unhappy because you
are not with other people.
"He likes living alone."
"I think we're alone now." = There are just the two of us
here.
"The house feels lonely now that all the children have left
home."
Just because you're alone, doesn't mean you're lonely.17.-
ALTOGETHER VS ALL TOGETHER
ALL TOGETHER (adv) means "together in a single group."
ALTOGETHER (adv) means "completely" or "in total ".
The waiter asked if we were all together.
She wrote less and less often, and eventually she stopped
altogether.
18.- ANY ONE VS ANYONE
ANY ONE means any single person or thing out of a group of
people or things.
ANYONE means any person. It's always written as one word.
I can recommend any one of the books on this site.
Did anyone see that UFO?
19.- ANY VS SOME
Any and some are both determiners. They are used to talk about
indefinite quantities or numbers, when the exact quantity or number
is not important. we use SOME for positive statements
ANY for questions and negative statements,
I asked the barman if he could get me some sparkling water. I
said, "Excuse me, have you got any sparkling water?" Unfortunately
they didn't have any.
!Note - You will sometimes see some in questions and any in
positive statements. When making an offer, or a request, in order
to encourage the person we are speaking to to say "Yes", you can
use some in a question: For example: Would you mind fetching some
gummy bears while you're at the shops?
You can also use any in a positive statement if it comes after a
word whose meaning is negative or limiting: For example:-
A. She gave me some bad advice.
B. Really? She rarely gives any bad advice.
20.- APART VS A PART
APART (adv) separated by distance or time.
A PART (noun) a piece of something that forms the whole of
something.
I always feel so lonely when we're apart.
They made me feel like I was a part of the family.
21.- BEEN VS GONE
BEEN is the past participle of be. Been is used to describe
completed visits. So if you have been to England twice, you have
travelled there and back twice GONE is the past participle of go.
If you have gone to England, you have not yet returned.22.- BESIDE
VS BESIDES
BESIDE is a preposition of place that means at the side of or
next to.
BESIDES is an adverb or preposition. It means in addition to or
also.
The house was beside the Thames.
Besides water, we carried some fruit. = "In addition to water,
we carried some fruit."23.- BORROW VS LEND
To LEND: prestar
To BORROW: pedir prestado
Banks lend money.
Libraries lend books.
"My mother lent me some money, and I must pay her back
soon."
You can borrow money from a bank to buy a house or a car.
You can borrow books for up to 4 weeks from libraries in
England.
"I borrowed some money off my mother, and I must pay her back
soon."
! For a happy life - Never a borrower nor a lender be.
24.- FOR VS. DURING (durante)
FOR se utiliza con unidades de medida de tiempo (minutes, hours,
days, etc.). For answers the question How long?
DURING se utiliza con otros sustantivos que hacen referencia a
situaciones con duracin, pero que no son unidades de medida de
tiempo. For answers the question When?I was on holiday for three
weeks during the summer.
They talked for a long time during the class.
25.- BY VS. UNTIL
Las dos preposiciones se relacionan con lmites en el tiempo. En
el caso de by, nos centramos en el final de la situacin, mientras
que con until nos centramos en la situacin
BY significa que una situacin tiene que acabar antes o en el
momento especificado por by.
UNTIL significa que una situacin contina hasta el lmite
introducido por until.:
You must be home by midnight. vs. I can stay out until
midnight.
I have to return the book by Friday. vs.I can keep the book
until Friday.26.- OPPOSITE VS. IN FRONT OF
IN FRONT OF significa delante, sin ninguna separacin de por
medio,
OPPOSITE significa enfrente, con una separacin entre los dos
lugares (por ejemplo, una calle).
The car is parked in front of the cinema. vs. The bus stop is
opposite the cinema.
26.- COME OVER (V) VS OVERCOME (N)
Come over is a phrasal verb, that can mean several things. To
move from one place to another, or move towards someone. To seem to
be a particular type of person. To be influenced suddenly and
unexpectedly by a strange feeling.
Overcome is a verb, which means to defeat or succeed in
controlling or dealing with something. (superar)
"Come over here."
"Politicians often come over as arrogant."
"Don't stand up too quickly or you may come over dizzy."
"Using technology can help many people overcome any disabilities
they might have."
27.- COMPLEMENT (V) VS COMPLIMENT (N)
Complement is a verb, which means to make something seem better
or more attractive when combined.
Compliment is a noun, which means a remark that expresses
approval, admiration or respect.
"The colours blue and green complement each other
perfectly."
It was the nicest compliment anyone had ever paid me."
Tip! Having problems with your spelling? Try these
mnemonics:-
If it complements something it completes it. (With an e.)
I like compliments. (With an i.)
28.- TITLE / HEADLINE
'title' is used with books and 'headline' is used with
newspapers.
The book's title is The Difficult Years.The article's headline
is Presidential Campaign Tight.
29.- WHILE / DURING
'While' is used with a full phrase and 'during' is used with a
noun or noun phrase.
She was cooking dinner while Mary was reading a book.She was
cooking dinner during the game.
30.- CONSCIENCE VS CONSCIOUS
CONSCIENCE-sense of right and wrong
CONSCIOUS-awake
ex: The student's conscience kept him from cheating on the
exam.
ex: I was conscious when the burglar entered the house.
31.- COUNCIL VS COUNSEL
COUNCIL-a group that consults or advisesCOUNSEL-to advise The
men and women on the council voted in favor of an outdoor concert
in their town. The parole officer counseled the convict before he
was released.
32.- DISCREET VS DISCRETE
Discreet is an adjective. It means to be careful or modest, not
to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by
keeping something secret.
Discrete is an adjective. It means something is distinct and
separate or has a clear independent shape or form.
To work for the royal family you have to be very discreet.
She painted using strong colours, discrete shapes, and rhythmic
patterns.
33.- DON'T HAVE TO VS MUSTN'T
Don't have to = Do not have to. We have to use don't have to to
say that there is no obligation or necessity to do something.
Mustn't = must not is a modal verb used to show that something
is not allowed. When you use mustn't you are telling people not to
do things. It has the same force as don't , as in: Don't do
that!For example: "You don't have to do the exercises at the end of
this page."For example: "You mustn't drink if you're going to
drive."
34.- DOWNSIDE VS UNDERSIDE
Downside is a noun that means the disadvantage of a
situation.
Underside is a noun that means the side of something that is
usually nearest the ground.
For example: "One of the downsides of living in London, of
course, is that it is very expensive."
For example: "Look at the underside of your iMac display. If you
see an Ambient Light Sensor, you have a second generation iMac
G5."
35.- DRIVING TEST VS TEST DRIVE
A driving test (also known as a driving exam) is a procedure
designed to test a person's ability to drive a motor vehicle.
A test drive is when you drive an automobile to assess it,
usually before buying it.
!Note - you need to have passed your driving test in order to
take a test drive.
36.- EITHER VS AS WELL / TOO
EITHER is used with a negative verb when you are agreeing with
something someone doesn't do or like etc.
AS WELL / TOO are used with an affirmative verb when you are
agreeing with something someone does or likes etc.
For example:- B agrees with A in the negative
A - "I don't like cheese." B - "I don't like it either."
A- "I haven't seen Lord of the Rings." B - "I haven't seen it
either."
For example:- B agrees with A in the positive
A - "I love ice cream." B - "I love it too." / "I love it as
well."
A- "I've seen Gladiator." B - "I've seen it too." / " I've seen
it as well."
37.- EVERY DAY VS EVERYDAY
EVERY DAY - here every is a determiner and day is a noun. When
you say every day you mean each day without exception.
EVERYDAY is an adjective. When you say everyday you mean
ordinary, unremarkable.
You have been late for school every day this week. My culture
pages offer an insight into the everyday life of Britain.
38.- PASSED VS PAST
PASSED-verb, past tense of "to pass," to have moved
PAST-belonging to a former time or place The tornado passed
through the city quickly, but it caused great damage. Who was the
past president of Microsquish Computers? Go past the fire station
and turn right.
39.- EXPERIENCE VS EXPERIENCE(S)
EXPERIENCE can be an uncountable noun. You use it when you're
talking about knowledge or skill which is obtained from doing,
seeing or feeling things.
EXPERIENCE(S) can be a countable noun. You use it when you are
talking about a particular incident or incidents that affect
you.
EXPERIENCE can also be a verb. It means something that happens
to you, or something you feel.
Do you have any experience of working internationally?
It was interesting hearing about his experiences during the
war.
When I first moved to Germany I experienced a lot of
problems.
40.- FEWER VS LESS
The general rule is to use FEWER for things you can count
(individually), and LESS for things you can only measure
!Note - "Less" has to do with how much. "Fewer" has to do with
how many.
There were fewer days below freezing last winter. (Days can be
counted.)
I drink less coffee than she does. (Coffee cannot be counted
individually it has to be measured).
41.- AMONG VS BETWEEN
AMONG involves three or more
BETWEEN involves just two
Who among us has not lied?
She couldnt decide between Chinese and Thai food.
42.- AMOUNT VS NUMBER
AMOUNT used for things not countable
NUMBER used for things that can be counted
We couldn't handle that amount of ill will.
The number of accidents increased by ten percent.
43.- FOR VS SINCE
FOR indicates a period of time.
SINCE indicates a point in time.
I have been working here for 2 years.
I have been working here since the year before last.
44.- GOOD VS WELL
GOOD is an adjective. We use good when we want to give more
information about a noun.
WELL is usually used as an adverb. We use well when we want to
give more information about a verb.
My dog Sam is very good. He's a good dog. She didn't speak very
good English. Her English isn't very good.
He usually behaves very well. She didn't speak English very
well.
Note! The exception to this can be when you talk about someone's
health:
She wasn't a well woman.
and when you describe sensations:
This pizza tastes/smells/ looks good.
If you say "You look good." It means they look attractive.
If you say "You look well." It means they look healthy.
Note! Younger people might reply to the question "How are you?"
with "I'm good." This is what I call MTV English.
45.- HARD VS HARDLY
HARD is an adjective. It can mean solid, industrious, or
difficult.
HARDLY is an adverb and means only just or certainly not.
(Apenas)Heating the clay makes it hard (solid) .
She is a hard (industrious) worker.
It was a hard (difficult) test.
The teacher spoke so quietly I could hardly (only just) hear
her.
You can hardly (certainly not) expect me to do the test for
you!
46.-CONTINUAL VS CONTINUOS
CONTINUAL repeated but with breaks in between; chronic
CONTINUOUS: without interruption in an unbroken stream of time
or space
The continual problem of our car not starting forced us to sell
it.
The continuous dripping of the faucet drove me crazy.
47.- HEAR VS LISTEN
HEAR is a verb that means to receive or become aware of a sound
using your ears, so you don't have to make an effort in order to
just hear something.
LISTEN is a verb that means to give attention to someone or
something in order to hear them, so you make an make an effort in
order to hear something properly.
She heard a noise outside.
She listened to the noise and realised it was only a cat.
Note! In some circumstances we use hear when we listen to
someone or something attentively or officially.
I heard a really interesting speech on the radio this morning.
These people need to be heard.
48.- SEE VS LOOK AT VS WATCH
SEE: significa percibir con los ojos; ver pero no observar; ver
involuntariamente.
LOOK: significa observar algo, por alguna razn especfica o con
una intencin; observar con detenimiento. Normalmente lo que
observas es un objeto esttico, sin movimiento
WATCH: significa ver, mirar, observar atentamente a personas y
cosas en movimiento; observar una accin.
Did you see that? (Viste eso?)
Look at this car! (Mira este coche!)
He likes watching the young people dance.Nota: Para las pelculas
(films) se utiliza see, es la excepcin.
I saw that movie yesterday. (V esa pelcula ayer.)
49.- FINISH /END Finish: es "acabar, terminar" en el sentido de
que alguien ejecuta esa accin.Ej. "tengo que acabar mis estudios" =
" I have to finish my studies" (aqu no puedes usar "end")
End: es "acabar, terminar" en el sentido de que algo concluye,
llega a su fin, como en tu ejemplo (donde no podras usar
"finish"?50.- LOOK FORWARD / FORWARDS VS LOOK FORWARD TO
If you look forward / forwards it simply means you are looking
ahead of you.
Look forward to is a phrasal verb. When you look forward to
something, you feel happy and excited about something that is going
to happen.
For example:- I always look forward to seeing my family and
friends when I travel to England.
51.- LOOK OVER VS OVERLOOK
Look over is a phrasal verb. When you look over something or
someone you quickly examine it or them.
Overlook is a verb. When you overlook someone or something you
fail to notice or consider it or them.:
For example:- I asked my teacher to look over what I had
written.
For example:I think my teacher overlooked some of my
mistakes.
52.- LOOSE VS LOSE
Loose is an adjective. If something isn't fixed properly or it
doesn't fit, because it's too large, it's loose.
Lose is a verb that means to no longer possess something because
you do not know where it is, or because it has been taken away from
you.
For example:- My headphones weren't working, because a wire was
loose.
For example: A lot of people will lose their job if there is a
recession.
53.- MOST VS THE MOST
Most without an article is usually used as an adjective, which
means almost all. It's also used to form the superlative where it
goes in front of most adverbs.
The most is usually used to form the superlative where it goes
in front of longer adjectives.
For example:- They ate most of the cake. Most days I go for a
jog. He objected to the results of the election most strongly.
For example:- The Miss World competition is held every year to
find the most beautiful woman in the world.
!Note - This is only a general rule - as ever there are
exceptions.
54.- MOST VS MOSTLY
Most without an article is usually used as an adjective, which
means almost all or the largest part. It's also used to form the
superlative where it goes in front of most adverbs.
Mostly is an adverb. It's not used very often. It means
generally, mainly, chiefly, usually etc.
For example:- Most days I go for a jog. They ate most of the
cake. He objected to the results of the election most strongly.
For example:- They're mostly good people, although they have
made a few mistakes.
55.- NOR VS OR
nor (conjunction) is always used in the negative, usually before
the second or last of a set of negative possibilities, we use it
after 'neither'.
or (conjunction) or is used to connect different
possibilities.
For example:-He drinks neither wine nor beer.
For example:- Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today?
Note - If you don't use "neither" you can use "or".
For example:- He doesn't drink wine or beer.
56.- OVERTAKE VS TAKEOVER / TAKE OVER
Overtake is a verb. It can mean to go beyond something by being
better, or if you're driving to come from behind another vehicle or
a person and move in front of it.
Takeover as a noun is used when one organisation gains control
of a company by buying most of its shares.
Take over as a phrasal verb means to get control of a company by
buying most of its shares.
For example: You should always check your rear view mirror
before you overtake another car.
For example: In September 2006 Merck announced their takeover of
Serono SA.
For example: Merck finally took Serono over in 2007.
57.- RAISE VS RISE
When used as a verb they both have the same general meaning of
"to move upwards", the main difference is that rise is an
intransitive verb (it does not take an object), while raise is a
transitive verb (it requires an object):
As you can see from these examples, (nobody is pushing up the
sun!), whereas (Mary moved her hand upwards/The government make
laws to increase taxes).
rise (v) Something rises by itself
For example:-
The sun rises in the east.
The chairman always rises to the occasion.
I will rise tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. to walk the dog.
Rise is an irregular verb: rise / rose / risen
raise (v) Something else is needed to raise something.
For example:-
Lynne raised her hand.
The government is going to raise taxes.
They can't raise the Titanic.
Raise is a regular verb: raise / raised / raised
58.- REGARD / REGARDLESS / REGARDS
Regard v. usually means to have an opinion about something or
someone. It can also mean to look carefully at something or
someone.
Regardless adv. means not being affected by something.
Regards is simply a greeting
For example: "I regard the theatre as the greatest of all art
forms." Oscar Wilde
For example: The students regarded me with horror as I entered
the classroom.
For example: I went ahead with the test regardless of the
students opposition.
For example: Please give my regards to your parents when you see
them.
59.- REMEMBER VS REMIND VS RECALL VS RECOLLECT
REMEMBER v. meaning to be able to bring back a piece of
information into your mind, or to keep a piece of information in
your memory.
REMIND v. meaning to make someone aware of something they have
forgotten or might have forgotten. REMIND SB OF STH RECALL/
RECOLLECT When you recall something, you remember it and tell
others about it We often say: as far as I can recall or as I recall
or I seem to recall to refer back to something that you have been
talking about (por lo que recuerdo). If a company recalls a
product, it asks for it to be returned because it has found to be
defective: If a player is recalled to a team, s/he is included in
the team again after being left out:The Prime Minister recalled his
visits to France and the six meetings he had had with the French
President.
I seem to recall that you were against the idea of Henry joining
the Board of Directors.
As far as I can recall, you were warned three times that you
would lose your job if you persisted in being late. I distinctly
recall warning you about this.
The pharmaceutical company is going to recall one of its drugs
because of possibly dangerous side effects.
Many people in Ireland still hope that Roy Keane might be
recalled to the Irish squad in time for the World Cup.I remember
when every home had clotheslines in the back yard or garden.
Could you remind me to check the forum?!Note - If you remind
someone of something, then they'll remember it.Note: RING A BELL
(ME SUENA). I have nerve met Peter Harry, but his name rings a bell
(No conozco a Carlie Parker pero su nombre me suena)60.- SAY / SAID
VS TELL / TOLD
Said v. is the past simple and past participle of to say. It can
be used in direct speech: It can be used in indirect (reported)
speech (followed by that).
Said adj. is used before the name of a person or thing you have
already mentioned:
Told v. is the past simple and past participle of to tell. It is
normally used in reported speech, i.e. it is used to talk about
what people say (followed by an object + that:):
When told has the meaning of "instruct", it can be followed by
an object and an infinitive.
For example: "I am sorry", said the criminal.
For example: "The criminal said that he was sorry.
For example: "The said party denied the charges"
For example: I told him that I would be late.
For example: He told me to leave.
61.- SHORTAGE VS SHORTNESS
Shortage is a noun meaning when there is not enough of
something.
Shortness is a also a noun meaning the condition of being short
spatially.
For example: There is a shortage of skilled workers in the
industry.
For example: Shortness in children and young adults nearly
always results from below-average growth in childhood.
62.- SO VS SUCH
SO when used as in front of an adjective or an adverb means
very.
SUCH when used as a determiner can be used in front of a noun or
an adjective and a noun to show extremes, you can't use it in front
of adverbs.
For example: "My English teacher is so patient. She teaches us
so well."
For example: "She is such a patient teacher."
!Note - Remember that without the noun you need to use "so."
such + a + patient + teacher
so + patient
63.- TAKE CARE VS TAKE CARE OF
Take care is used when saying goodbye to someone. It actually
means "Take care of yourself."
Take care of means to look after someone or something:
For example: "Bye! Take care. "
For example: "You should take care of your new car, it cost a
lot of money."
64.- THAT, WHICH, WHO
"Who" (or whom) is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or
object of a verb to show which person you are referring to, or to
add information about a person just mentioned. It is used for
people, not things.
"Which" is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a
verb to show what thing or things you are referring to, or to add
information about the thing just mentioned. It is used for things,
not people.
"That" is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a
verb to show which person or thing you are referring to, or to add
information about a person or thing just mentioned. It can be used
for people and things. It can sometimes be omitted.
Example:
The girl who was hungry.
The boy whom I talked to.
The dog that wagged its tail.
The software ( that) I wrote.
The company, which / that hired me.
65.- TRAVEL, TRIP VOYAGE OR JOURNEY TRAVEL (v) is used in
general terms as a verb - it usually means to change location. The
word travel is very rarely used as a noun.
TRIP (n) is often substituted for the word 'holiday'or journey
when the travelling distance was short. It is often used in
connection with business
TRIP (v) has a totally different meaning. It means to nearly
fall over.
VOYAGE (n) is usually a long journey by boat. The word voyage is
very rarely used as a verb.
JOURNEY (n) is used more in British English than American
English. It means the 'piece' of travel between 2 or more points.
The word journey is very rarely used as a verb.
For example: I have to travel a lot for work.
For example: How was your trip?
For example: I have to travel a lot for work. I am off on
another business trip next week.
For example: I tripped over the carpet and sprained my
ankle.
For example: The voyage to South Africa took over six weeks.
For example: The journey from Darmstadt to Nottingham takes 12
hours.
65.- USED TO VS USED TO DO
Used to can be used as an adjective and we use it to talk about
things that have become familiar, and are no longer strange or new.
You can also be used to doing something.
Used to do - If we say something used to happen we are talking
about repeated events and actions in the past, usually things that
happened a long time ago and are now finished.
For example: "I am used to mistakes now."
For example: "I am used to making mistakes now."
For example: "I used to smoke."
66.- WHAT VS WHICH
What is used to ask a question when there are an unknown number
or infinite possibilities for an answer. You know that there are
many, many ways that exist to address your question, and you want
to find outfrom all those possibilities that you might not even
know aboutthe best way.
Which is used if you are choosing between two items, already
defined, in a different sentence. You can use which when you have a
very small or limited field to choose from. Certainly use which,
not what, when there are only two choices, or if both speaker and
listener can visualize all the items under consideration:
For example: "What movie did you go to see?"
For example: "Which shoes should I wear with this dressmy blue
ones or my black ones?"
For example: "Which foot did you break?"
Often which or what can be used for several choices, depending
on what is in the speakers mind:
For example:-
a - "Which bus goes into the centre?"b - "What bus shall I
take?"
Both sentences are fine. The speaker is probably thinking about
fewer buses in sentence (a) than in sentence (b).
67.- WRONG VS WRONGLY adverbs. Wrong can be used informally
instead of wrongly after a verb. In fact it is taking over from the
word wrongly.
However, when the adverb comes before the verb we use
"wrongly".
For example:-
Sean Hodgson was wrongly convicted of murder.
I'm sorry if I've written anything wrong. / I'm sorry if I've
written anything wrongly
68.- LITTLE VS FEW
little + uncountable noun
few + plural noun
Examples:
There's little water left in the bottle.
I've put a little sugar into your coffee.
Yesterday I wrote a few letters.
He has a few pounds left.
There were few people in the cinema. It was nearly empty.
69.- ALL AND EVERY
All and every can both be used to talk about people or things in
general. There is little difference of meaning. Note that these two
words are used in different structures.
Every is used with singular countable nouns. To give the same
meaning, all is used with plural nouns.
Every house in the street is yellow.
All the houses in the street are yellow.
With Uncountable Nouns
We can use all with uncountable nouns. Every cannot be used with
them.
I like all music. (not every music.)
I like all food
70.- VACANCY - VACATION / HOLIDAY
VACATION (US) = a holiday, especially when you are travelling
away from home for pleasure.
HOLIDAY is a general word in BrE and vacation in the general
word in AmE .Note: we often use the plural HOLIDAYS to refer to
long periods off work or school.
VACANCY = a job that no one is doing and is therefore available
for someone new to do; a space or place which is available to be
used
Examples:
Were on vacation / holiday.
Most children enjoy their summer holidays.
They went to France on vacation.
There is a vacancy for a shop assistant on Saturdays.
Lauren wanted to book a hotel room in July but there were no
vacancies.
71.- QUIET AND STILL
still => staying in the same position; not moving
quiet => making very little noise
Example:
Young children find it difficult to sit still for long.
Please be quiet (= stop talking)!
72.- OPEN AND OPENED
OPEN adjective => not closed or fastened
OPENED past tense and post participle of the verb open =>
make something change to a position that is not closedExamples:
You left the bag open.
Are the banks open this afternoon?
She opened her eyes and saw she was alone.
After nearly three hours of work the safe was opened.
73.- MARRIAGE AND WEDDING
Marriage describes the relationship between husband and wife or
the state of being married.
A wedding is a marriage ceremony which is held in church or a
registry office and also includes the party or special meal which
follows the ceremony.
Examples:
They had a long and happy marriage.
Many marriages these days do not last.
You may have a civil Marriage Ceremony in the City Clerk's
Office.
Do you happen to know the date of Judy and Michael's
wedding?
74.- MARMALADE AND JAM
MARMALADE - a soft substance with a sweet but slightly bitter
taste, made by cooking fruit such as oranges with sugar to preserve
it. It is eaten on bread, usually for breakfast.
JAM - (US also jelly) a sweet soft food made by cooking fruit
with sugar to preserve it. It is eaten on bread or cakes
Examples:
Marmalade is usually eaten for breakfast on bread.
Scottish marmalade is made from oranges and contains more peel
and zest than most other marmalades.
I love jam made from fresh strawberries.
Store plum jam in a cool, dry place.
75.- MADE OF - MADE FROM
We use made of if something keeps its form.
We use made from if the form is changed during the process of
making.
Examples:
Our house was made of wood with an iron roof.
Many things nowadays seem to be made of plastic.
Paper is made from wood.
Wine is made from grapes.
76.- FUN AND FUNNY
FUNNY = (adjective) amusing; causing laughter
FUN = (noun) pleasure, enjoyment, amusement
It's a really funny book.
It's not funny - don't laugh!
Have fun!
Daves great fun to be with.
77.- FIT AND SUIT
FIT refers to size and shape: if your clothes fit you, they are
neither too big, nor too small.
SUIT refers to style, colour, etc. Suit can also be used to say
that something is convenient and cause the least difficulty for
someone
Examples:
That jacket fits you perfectly.
I think my car's too big to fit in this space.
You should wear more blue - it suits you.
Short skirts don't really suit Laura - she hasn't got the legs
for them.
Blue and white are colours that suit me very well.
Wednesday would suit me very well for a meeting.
78.- FOREIGNER AND STRANGER
FOREIGNER = a person who comes from another country
STRANGER = someone you do not know
Examples:
Even though she had lived in England for five years, she still
felt like a foreigner.
My mother always warned me not to talk to strangers.
79.- CUISINE AND KITCHEN
CUISINE => a style of cooking. Haute cuisine => cooking of
a high standard, typically French cooking. Haute cuisine (literally
"high cooking" in French) refers to the cooking of the grand
restaurants and hotels of the Western world.
KITCHEN => the place in a house or restaurant where the
cooking is done
Examples:
They do French regional cuisine at this bistro.
We are having a new kitchen fitted.
80.- BRING UP AND EDUCATE
BRING UP and the noun UPBRINGING are mostly used for the moral
and social training that children receive at home
EDUCATE and EDUCATION are used for the intellectual and cultural
training that people get at school and university
Examples:
He was brought up by his grandparents.
Their kids were brought up to respect authority.
Their daughter is very badly brought up always screaming and
fighting.
How much does it cost to educate a child privately?
It's important for children to get a good education.
81.- APPOINTMENT DATE
APPOINTMENT: If you make an appointment with someone, you have
an official meeting with him or her.
DATE: When you fix a date for something then you choose a time
for something. If you have a date with someone or you go on a date
you arrange to meet someone with whom you are having or starting a
relationship.
Example:
Weve made an appointment with our bank manager tomorrow.
Theyve finally set a date for their house-warming party.
Sandra and Tom had a date last weekend.
82.- BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER
Both: Subjects connected by both meaning two take a plural
conjugation.
'EITHER OR' is used in sentences in a positive sense meaning
"one or the other, this or that, he or she, etc." in other words it
is used to offer a choice between two possibilities
'NEITHER NOR' is used in sentences in a negative sense meaning
"not this one nor the other, not this nor that, not he nor she,
none of them etc." - in other words it is used to deny both
possibilities
Examples:Both Steven and Anthony attended the training.
Mary has two children. Both are married. (both children are
married)
Last summer I went to Paris and Cannes. I liked both cities very
much.
Im not sure where Laura is from. Shes either German or
Italian.
Would you like tea or coffee? - Either. I dont mind.
There are two ways from here to the airport. You can go either
way.
Is your friend British or American? - Neither. Shes
Australian.
Neither of the restaurants I went to was (or were)
expensive.
Neither Mike nor my other friends care about their future.
82.- SALARY AND WAGES
salary - a fixed amount of money agreed every year as pay for an
employee, usually paid directly into his or her bank account every
month
wage / wages - the money paid in return for a person's work,
esp. when paid weekly or daily rather than monthly
Examples:
Her net monthly salary is 2500.
Salary negotiation is asking for a salary increase, a pay rise,
or simply more money.
A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily, or monthly wage that
employers may legally pay to employees or workers.
Low-wage workplaces are often physically damaging.
Mike's death hit his parents hard as he was the only wage earner
in the family.
83.- BIG, GREAT, HIGH, LARGE, TALL
big:large in size, degree or amount
great:much bigger than average
high:measurement from the bottom to the top; greater than
normal
large:big in size and quantity
tall:greater height than average
Note: We use high or tall when we talk about buildings.
a big stone
a great success a great time
a high mountain a high level
a large country a large number of people
a tall man
84.- DISABILITY, HANDICAP, IMPAIRMENT
Disability: used to refer to an on-the-job injury. One is "On
disability" when they are being paid by their employer while
recovering from the injury. Handicap: a specific ailment, injury,
or infirmity that a person suffers from which limits their abiltity
to function in a normal capacity. This is the official term used
when the Department of Motor Vehicles issues a special permit to
allow the driver to park their car in a designated area, for
example. Impairment: the broadest term - it can mean that there is
a disability or handicap, OR it can mean that the person has had
too much too drinkAll three terms are pretty much interchangeable
in many instances but most of the time each is used in a certain
wayExamples:
When you are disabled it can be even more difficult to find a
job, especially if you have limitation because of your
disabilityHandicap parking spaces are restricted to authorized
verhicles 24 hours daily
The man was driving a car while impaired by alcohol.
85.- DEAD / DIED
dead: adjective meaning 'not alive'
died: past tense and past participle of the verb 'to die'
Examples:
Unfortunately, our dog has been dead for a few months.
Don't touch that bird. It's dead.
His grandfather died two years ago.
A number of people have died in the accident.
86.- FEMALE / FEMININE
female: the sex of a woman or animal
feminine: adjective describing a quality or type of behaviour
that is considered typical for a woman
Examples:
The female of the species is very aggressive.The question
'female or male' means 'are you a woman or a man'.
He's an excellent boss with a feminine intuition.The house was
decorated in a very feminine manner.
87.- ANXIOUS AND EAGER
Anxious means "troubled" or "worried."
Eager means "having keen interest" or "impatient expectancy."
When anxious is used to describe someone's expectancy, it is often
incorrectly used to mean "eager," which has a far more positive
connotation. One may be anxious about an impending report card, but
one would be eager to go on a long-awaited vacation.
88.- PRACTICABLE AND PRACTICAL
Practicable means "usable,"
practical means "useful."
Not all practicable things are practical, and not all practical
things are practicable.
89.- OTHER, OTHERS AND ANOTHER
ANOTHER (=ONE OTHER) antes de un sustantivo contable y
singular.1) cuando presentamos a alguien o a algo por primera vez
en una conversacin. .Another person signed up for the course. 2)
cuando indicamos que es uno ms de varios. Nagpur is one of Indias
most beautiful cities. Another one is Chandigarh.3) cuando
indicamos que algo es adicional, es decir que algo es otro ms. I
like this wine. I want another. 4) cuando referirnos a una cosa
distinto. This glass is dirty. Can you bring me another? Ten
cuidado de no utilizar another con sustantivos incontables o
plurales. :There are another books on the table. > There are
other books on the table.
OTHER + un sustantivo plural. cuando indicamos algunos de los
restantes, pero no todos.Some of my friends called me to wish me
good luck. Other friends sent me an email. In general I don't care
what other people think. (people es plural en ingls) - Por lo
general no me importa lo que piensen los dems. THE OTHER - Cuando
nos referimos a algo o alguien especfico.Put them in the other
box.Put them in the other boxes. Write the order in the other
folder.
Al igual que en espaol, decimos the other day, (el otro da) para
referir a un da en el pasado. Tambin decimos another day (otro da)
para referir a un da en el futuro.
OTHERS - puede traducirse como otros.Besides Mary and John,
there are others who live near me. Podemos usar la construccin
numero + others para especificar el nmero de elementos a los que
nos referimos.
Three people were arrested for burglary and three others for
fraud in Pamplona
Nota que se uso other slo con un sustantivo plural. Ejemplo: I
have three other matters to attend to. - Tengo tres otros asuntos
que atender.
THE OTHERS puede traducirse como los otros o los dems. Usamos
the others cuando referirnos a los restantes.Most arrived on time.
The others arrived later.
The others are still in hospital. - Los dems estn en el
hospital.90.- ESPECIALLY VS SPECIALLY
SPECIALLY is its adverb form. Specially means "particularly, in
a disintguishing manner, or for a particular purpose."
SPECIALLY+ADJ ESPECIALLY =particularly, its adverb form, is much
more common. Especially means "exceptionally, in a noteworthy
manner, or particularly." Particularly: Refers to something done in
a particular manner; specifically; individually. ESPECIALLY
+NOUNThis program has specially designed macros for word
processors. (A distinctive purpose)He did especially well in
All-Star Game. (A noteworthy performance)
91.- DISINTERESTED OR UNINTERESTED Disinterested means
"impartial" or "not taking sides." (In other words, not having a
personal interest at stake.)
Uninterested means "not interested." (In other words, not
showing any interest.)
Correct: A good referee should be disinterested.
(He does not take sides.) Incorrect: He was disinterested in
Jill's hobby. Correct: He was uninterested in Jill's hobby.
(He shows no interest.)92.- NOUGHT, ZERO, OH, NIL NOUGHT in
general (British English)
ZEROin general (American English)
-in measurements of temperature (British and American
English)
-in count-downs (British and American English)
-score in team games, e.g. football (American English)
OHwhen each figure is said separately (e.g. in phone numbers,
account numbers etc.)
NIL-score in team games, e.g. football (British English).
LOVE-in tennis and similar games
93.- POSSIBILITY VS OPPORTUNITY VS CHANCE POSSIBILITY means the
fact that something might happen or be true and is used with of or
that
OPPORTUNITY suggests it is possible for you to do something
because the circumstances are good or lucky at the time
CHANCE is a noun = a possibility /accidental occurence eg there
is a chance you can catch this train. how much probability there is
that something will happen, or a gamble or risk, or a good time for
an event, or an unseen force (the universe?) that makes things
happen. Chance and opportunity are very similar, but chance refers
a little more to the things that are out of your control (like the
odds of rolling the dice maybe you have a 1 in 3 chance of really
getting the job).We only met at the movies by chance.
There is no chance he will recover. (The probability that he
will recover is zero.) You're taking a chance by drinking that old
milk. (You're taking a risk because the milk might be spoiled.) I
didn't have a chance to tell her I loved her before train departed.
(There wasn't a good time to tell her my feelings because we were
running for the train.) We had a chance encounter. (There were some
cosmic forces that made us cross paths and we could not have
planned for this.) There is a possibility that I might go to London
to study for 2 years.
I had the opportunity to spend 2 years in London while I was a
student.
94.- LAWYER , ATTORNEY , SOLICITOR , BARRISTER LAWYER is a
general word for someone who has professional training in legal
work.
SOLICITOR who give legal advice to clients and prepare legal
documents and cases. Solicitors often specialise in different
areas. The term "solicitor" is not used in the US. (It is used in
Britain, where they have solicitors and barristers.)
ATTORNEY is American English word for a British English
lawyer.
A BARRISTER in British English is a lawyer who operates in the
higher courts of law in Britain
In both American and British English, someone's COUNSEL is the
lawyer or group of lawyers who represent them in court.
95.- ON TIME, IN TIME, IN THE END, AT THE END ON TIME = at the
planned time; neither late nor early:
IN TIME = with enough time to spare; before the last moment:
IN THE END = finally, after a long time, eventually. After
waiting a long time. AT THE END = at the point where something
stops. I refers to position within a complete thing. Usado con un
nombre (At the end of the concert)Peter wants the meeting to start
exactly on time.
He would have died if they hadnt got him to the hospital in
time."
In the end, I got a visa for Russia.
I think the films a bit weak at the end. 96.- ARBITRATOR VS
UMPIRE VS REFEREE
ARBITRATOR is the person that takes care of legal matters and
tries to resolve the legal issues outside the court.
A REFEREE is an official who supervises certain games, such as
American football and basketball, and British soccer and rugby.
This person makes sure that all the rules are followed.
An UMPIRE, like a referee, supervises in certain games. He, too,
makes sure that the game is played fairly and that the rules are
not broken. In England, the umpire officiates at cricket games.
In tennis, there are both a referee and an umpire. The umpire is
the one who sits on the high stand.
97.- NOTICE VS REALIZE NOTICE: to see, hear, or feel
something
REALIZE 1: to know and understand the importance of
something
REALIZE 2: to start to know something that you had not noticed
before
He spilled the tea, but Mrs. Whitley did not notice.
He was too tired even to notice how tired and hungry he was.
I realize how much she means to you.
None of us realized the danger we were in.
I suddenly realized that he was crying. Later, we realized that
we had met before in Paris.
98.- KNOW, FIND OUR, DISCOVER AND REALIZED. Know describes a
state of knowing about something, a state that continues for a
period of time, so it sounds strange to use the verb know when you
are describing the moment a person first comes to know something.
Instead, find out, discover, and realized are usually better, as in
the examples below.
Strange:
When I first knew my sister's secret, I was shocked.
Better:
When I first found out about my sister's secret...
When I first discovered my sister's secret...
When I first realized my sister's secret...
Find out and discover are used if you learn about something from
an outside source, for example, if your find out your sister's
secret by reading her diary. Realize is better if you have come to
know something as a process of your own thinking, (for example, if
you realize what your sister's secret is after thinking about a
recent conversation with her). Learn can also be used to describe
coming to know something. Here are some more examples.
Strange:
I was shocked to know that Japan is nearly last in the world in
TOEFL scores.
Better:
I was shocked to find out that...
I was shocked to learn that...
Strange:
I felt sad to know how J.R. [the train company] does
business.
Better:
I felt sad to discover how J.R. does business.
99.- 'REFUSE', 'REJECT' , 'DECLINE' AND DECLINEOne useful way of
seeing the difference between words is to look at the opposite of
each one...
'Accept' could be the opposite of 'refuse', 'reject' and
'decline', so we can see that these words have very similar
meanings.
DENY (opposite =admit) The main meaning of 'deny' is to say that
something is not true. If the police are questioning somebody, the
suspect might deny that he committed a crime, for example. 'Deny'
also has a less common use, which is quite similar to 'refuse' - if
you deny somebody something, you 'refuse' to give it to them - for
example: "The guards denied their prisoners food and water"
Finally, if you 'deny' someone, you say that they aren't connected
to you at all - but this use is rather old-fashioned.
REFUSE (opposite=accept) To 'refuse' is the opposite of to
'accept' - if you refuse to do something you choose not to do it,
or say firmly that you will not do it. You could also refuse
something, which means that you don't accept it. For example: "I
offered him a cold drink but he refused it" 'REJECT'
(opposite=accept) is quite similar to 'refuse' - the opposite of
both would be 'accept'. If you reject a proposal or a request, for
instance, you decide not to agree with it..."Judge Dread rejected
the lawyer's request for more time to study the case". If you
reject a belief or a theory, you decide that you do not believe in
it and you do not wish to follow it... "The rebels rejected the
authority of the central government." 'Reject' often carries the
added meaning that you don't think something is good enough - if an
employer rejects a job applicant, or a machine rejects a credit
card it is because something is considered unsuitable, invalid or
wrong in some way. If someone rejects a lover, their family or
friends, they behave with cruelty or indifference towards them and
perhaps do not want to see them any more. 'DECLINE' (
opposite=accept) can be a rather formal synonym for 'refuse' - if
you decline something or decline to do something, you politely
refuse to accept it or do it... "The princess is believed to have
declined various proposals of marriage"
So, in conclusion then, we might
deny an allegation
refuse an offer
reject a suggestion - and
decline a formal invitation.
100.-TOO VS ENOUGH
TOO
too + adjectiveThis shirt is too expensive. It costs $30 and I
have only $25.
too much + uncountable nounI drank too much water; now I really
need to go to the bathroom!
too many + countable nounShe put too many eggs into the cake.
The recipe said 3 and she used 5.
verb + too muchHe complains too much. He has such a negative
attitude.
ENOUGH
enough + noun (countable or uncountable)We dont have enough
peoplefor a soccer team.We have 8 people and a team needs at least
11.
adjective + enoughSorry kid, youre not old enough to buy
alcohol. Youre 19 and the minimum age is 21.
verb + enoughI dont exercise enough. I need to go to the gym
more than once a month.
101.- AMOUNT OF VS QUANTITY OF VS NUMBER OF
Use 'AMOUNT OF' before singular things you cannot measure. (See
non-countable nouns). It usually precedes a singular word.
Use 'QUANTITY OF' before singular or plural things you can
measure. (See countable nouns). It is usually applied to inanimate
objects.
Use 'NUMBER OF' before plural things you can measure. The term
'number of' precedes a plural, countable noun. It can be applied to
both animate and inanimate objects.
Amount Of
I undertook an inordinate amount of work. (work - singular and
cannot be measured or counted)
She had a certain amount of respect(respect - singular and
cannot be measured or counted)
It is not difficult to see where that amount of hate derives.
(hate - singular and cannot be measured or counted)
The amount of women in London who flirt with their own husbands
is perfectly scandalous. (women - plural and can be counted. 'The
number of women...' )
Quantity Of
I took control of a large quantity of money. (money - singular
and can be measured or counted)
The ship was only carrying a large quantity of mangoes. (mangoes
- plural and can be measured or counted)
Number Of
The disease affected a large number of camels in the town.
(camels - plural, animate and can be counted)
The ship was only carrying a large number of mangoes. (mangoes -
plural, inanimate and can be counted) ('Quantity of' could also be
used in this example.)
102.-CLOTH / CLOTHES
CLOTH is a noun (usually as a non-count noun) that means
"material or fabric."
CLOTHES is a plural count noun meaning "garments used to cover
the body.
She bought some cloth to make a new dress.
She bought a lot of clothes in Paris.
I feel nice when I wear new clothes.
103.- ECONOMIC VS. ECONOMICAL
ECONOMIC means "relating to the economy".
ECONOMICAL means "cheap", "inexpensive".
e.g. His thesis was about long-term economic growth.
e.g. I think you'll find out products very economical.
104.- LAST / LATEST
LAST = coming at the end
LATEST = most recent
When was the last time you saw him?
Ann always follows the latest fashion trends.
Did you hear the latest news about the hijackers?
105.- CASE / SITUATION
CASE = the actual state of affairs
SITUATION = set of circumstances
There is a case for doing nothing at present.
The judge stated the case.
He has just come out of a very difficult situation
106.-REALISE / UNDERSTAND
REALISE = be aware of
UNDERSTAND = (a) get the meaning of (character, language,
difficulty) (b) take for granted (c) grasp the significance or
nature of something
I realised that I was wrong.
Haven't you realised that they don't want to see you again ?
Do you understand German ?
They're great friends and understand each other.
I quite understand your difficulty.
I understand that expenses were to be paid.
Am I to understand that you have resigned?
I just can't understand why he didn't keep his promise.
107.- CONDITION VS CONDITIONS
CONDITION: physical state
CONDITIONS: circumstances
The conditions in his workplace make it impossible to
concentrate"
"The ship set sail in good weather conditions." "I have worn
these boots for a year, but they are still in good condition."
Although the building is old, it is in good condition.
108.- CAREER VS DEGREE
CAREER: course of study at university
DEGREE: professional life
I am doing a chemistry degree at university
She had a successful career as a lawyer
109.- PAY VS PAY FOR
PAY: The verb "to pay" is intransitive in English when you refer
to something being purchased. Give money that you owe to a person
or organisation PAY FOR: (.buy) You pay for something. The verb is
transitive when you don't mention the thing being purchased. Give
money in exchange for somethingYou pay the bill.I paid for the meal
(intransitive). I gave money in exchange for the meal. I paid the
bill (transitive). I settled the check.
110.- PLENTY OF VS A LOT OF VS A LARGE AMOUNT OF
A LOT OF/ LOTS OF ( a large quantity of) These are rather
informal. There is not much difference between a lot of and lots
of. They are both used mainly before singular uncountable and
plural nouns, and before pronouns. When a lot of/lots of is used
before a plural subject, the verb is plural. PLENTY OF - more than
sufficient for our needs. Plenty of means enough and more. It is
used before singular uncountable and plural nouns.
A LARGE AMOUNT OF, A GREAT DEAL OF AND A LARGE NUMBER OF: These
expressions are rather formal. A large amount of and a great deal
of are generally used before uncountable nouns.
A lot of my friends live abroad.
Lots of time is needed to learn a language.
There is plenty of time.
Plenty of shops accept credit cards.
She has spent a great deal of time in Europe.
A large number of is used before plural nouns. The following
verb is plural.
A large number of issues still need to be addressed.
111.- LIKE / AS / UNLIKE / SUCH AS
LIKE: it is followed by a noun or a pronoun. it is used to
compare things. it means ' similar to ' AS: it is used to refer to
something or someone's appearance or function. Before she became a
waitress she worked as a cleaning lady. in the same way , to refer
to the degree of something, as a conjunction ( to connect two
clauses )
Like and As - they can both be used to show how things are
similar
He runs like a panther.
He runs as a panther does.
UNLIKE: not alike, dissimilar, not equal- not typical or
characteristic for someone or something- when using to contrast
somebody or something with another person or thing
SUCH AS: to introduce an example or series of examples
Such as and Like: they can both be used to introduce examples.
In formal academic writing ' such as ' is better than ' like '. it
means ' for example ', ' of a kind '
She is like her mother.
You speak like a native speaker.
Ann looks like a princess.
I always drink strong black coffee as they do in my country.
Your son will soon be as tall as his father.
As they were leaving, Mary called.
For twins, the girls are very unlike.
I am unlike my sister in many ways.
It is unlike her to be late.
Unlike the old generation of computers, the next generation of
computers will be more efficient.
Animals such as elephants and lions...
112.-ACTUALLY VS ACTUAL VS AT THE MOMENT VS PRESENT VS CURRENT
VS CURRENTLY ACTUALLY/in fact = Realmente, en realidad AT THE
MOMENT right now, currently,: Actualmente The concert wasnt on
Monday as you said. Actually it was on Sunday
No, Im not an architect. Actually, Im a doctor
ACTUAL does not mean current or present. It means real or exact,
and is often used in contrast with something that is not seen as
real or exact: I need the actual figures, not an estimate.
PRESENT means existing or happening now: How long have you been
in your present job?
CURRENT also means existing or happening now, but can suggest
that the situation is temporary: The factory cannot continue its
current level of production.
ACTUALLY does not mean at the present time. Use CURRENTLY, at
present or at the moment instead.
113.- AFTER VS AFTER THAT (AFTERWARDS)
We use AFTER to put the two events into one sentence. It is used
with the first event, but can be at the beginning or in the middle
of the sentence.
We usually AFTER THAT (AFTERWARDS) use at the beginning of the
second sentence to talk about the second event. However, sometimes
we can use it in the middle of the sentence, after a word like AND
or BUT. It means the same as AFTER THAT.First she went to
university. Then she travelled round the world.
After she went to university, she travelled round the world.
She travelled round the world after she went to university.
She went to university. Afterwards, she travelled round the
world.
She went to university, and afterwards she travelled round the
world.
114. - ASK VS ASK FOR ASK FOR: significa pedirle a alguien que
te de algo.
ASK: significa pedirle a alguien que diga algo.
Cuando hablamos de dinero, se suele omitir "for"
- Please, ask the price. - How much are they asking for the
house? Nota: Aqu no omitimos "for".
- They are asking 200,000 euros. Cuando tenemos un complemento
indirecto y uno directo, se puede omitir "for" .
- She'll ask the boy a pen - I wanted to ask you a favour
- They asked Maria a bottle
"Ask" en estructuras con infinitivo
- She asked to come
- They asked him to leave
- They asked me to do it.
ask + for + complemento directo (objeto)+infinitivo
- They asked for the box to be delivered at home.
- She asked for the people to come earlier.
115.- FUN VS FUNNY
Both can be used as adjectives (words that describe
something)
FUNNY = it makes you laugh
FUN = when you enjoy yourself and have a good time (*But Fun can
also be a noun see below)
A comedian is. FUNNY (because he makes you laugh)
Going to an amusement park is FUN (because you enjoy yourself
and have a good time)
John is a fun guy. (I have a good time when I am with John)
John is a funny guy. (John makes me laugh)
Going to a dentist is not fun!
Doing a long boring exam is not fun.
Nobody laughed because his joke was not funny.
An accident is never funny. (Well, its not supposed to be
funny!)
A party with your friends is Fun
A clown is Funny
Playing a game is Fun
Visiting new places is Fun
A friend tells you a great joke. The joke is Funny
FUN (noun) = enjoyment or pleasure. Fun (noun) can also be used
to describe the good humor and playful behaviour of a person.
I had lots of fun at the party last night.
We hope you have fun at the beach tomorrow!
She is not boring at all, she is actually full of fun.
Are you a fun person or funny person?
116.- HOME VS HOUSE
A HOUSE is the BUILDING where the majority of people live.
A HOME is a PLACE where someone lives. Normally it is a house
but it can be other things too: a narrowboat (a boat on a canal
which someone lives in), a caravan or an apartment. Home is often
associated with a family and/or the place you feel attached
to.Animals have homes but they dont have houses (apart from dogs a
doghouse is the small wooden house where a dog sleeps outside).
What do we call a foxs home? A den (the hole in the ground where a
fox lives). And a rabbit? A warren (the maze of tunnels underground
where a large group of rabbits live).
Phrases and Idioms associated with Houses and Homes
Home Sweet Home It means that the best and most comfortable
place is your home. Make a house a home This means to change a
house (just a building) into a home (somewhere comfortable where
you can relax). To move house: This means to change the house that
you live in. To call somewhere home A common phrase is So, where do
you call home?. This means where do you come from? or where is your
home? You might be living in another city or a foreign country for
a while (months or years) though you may not consider it your home,
just somewhere where you are living for now.
117.- LANDSCAPE VS SCENERY LANDSCAPE is a countable noun
(usually singular) to talk about the view or a large expanse of a
particular area and how it is arranged or positioned. We can also
use the term urban landscape to talk about the same thing but of an
urban scene.
When we want to talk about the natural features of a particular
area that we can see, we use the word SCENERY. Scenery is an
uncountable noun. Scenery is normally natural beauty. Scenery also
has another meaning. It is the painted background of a stage (where
a play is performed). A common mistake is to use nature in place
ofscenery. We only use the word nature to talk about the general
world of animals and plants in their natural form.
I took many pictures of the landscape of the Lake District.
Old buildings dominated the landscape.
New Zealand has such a varied landscape.
The scenery was absolutely beautiful.
You will almost never hear scenery used in a negative way.
I love watching nature documentaries on the TV
118.- FOR VS BECAUSE OF
BECAUSE OF: as a result of
FOR: introduces the purpose or function of something , the
person who is meant to have or benefit from it.
We arrived late because of the traffic
You cant park here. This is for disabled drivers
119.- IN SPITE OF / DESPITE / ALTHOUGH
IN SPITE OF and DESPITE + -ing/noun. The only difference between
in spite of and despite is the of.
IN SPITE OF /DESPITE THE FACT THAT + subject+ verb
ALTHOUGH + subject+ verb EVEN THOUGH is a slightly stronger form
of although. Like although, even though is followed by a subject
and a verb.
We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain.Despite the
pain in his leg he completed the marathon.Despite having all the
necessary qualifications, they didnt offer me the job.Despite of
the bad weather, there was a large crowd at the match.We enjoyed
our camping holiday although it rained every day.Although he worked
very hard, he didnt manage to pass the exam.The holiday was great
although the hotel wasnt very nice.In spite of the fact that he
worked very hard, he didnt manage to pass the exam.Despite the fact
that he worked very hard, he didnt manage to pass the exam.We
decided to buy the house even though we didnt really have enough
money.You keep making that stupid noise even though Ive asked you
to stop three times.120.- ABOUT VS AS FOR
AS FOR: introduces a new point to be dealt with in a
discussion
ABOUT: is used to refer back to a previous incident or
comment
I agree that we need to reduce the number of cars in the city
centre. As for banning cars altogether, I dont think this is the
best solutionAbout that money you lent me .Could I pay you back
tomorrow?
121.- ARGUE VS DISCUSS
ARGUE (verb)1 [v] ~ (with sb) (about / over sth) to speak
angrily to sb because you disagree with them. So, to argue means
that there is an element of anger or disagreement involved the
conversation. DISCUSS(verb) 1 ~ sth (with sb) to talk about sth
with sb, especially in order to decide sth: [vn] And, to discuss
means that your conversation is friendly and often involves making
a decision or learning more about a topic.
Have you discussed the problem with anyone? Im not prepared to
discuss this on the phone.
My brothers are always arguing. Were always arguing with each
other about money.
122.- EVER MIND VS DONT CARE VS DOESNT MATTER
Never mind - I don't care - It doesn't matter
"NEVER MIND" significa: "no te preocupes", "no te importe" o "no
tiene importancia" y siempre va dirigido a una tercera persona. "TO
MIND" significa = "importar". Nota: "Mind" sin "to", es decir, como
sustantivo/cosa, significa "mente". Con "never mind" es a la otra
persona la que le afecta la accin. "I DON'T CARE" significa "no me
importa" o "me da igual". Va dirigido a uno mismo
IT DOESN'T MATTER" significa "no importa" en general. No va
dirigido especficamente a nadie.
Por ejemplo, le echas accidentalmente el caf a alguien encima y
le manchas la camisa.T te afanas en limpirsela y l te dice: "Never
mind": No te preocupes. No tiene importancia.
"Do you mind if I smoke?"
Alguien te dice: "Si no vienes enseguida a la mesa se te va a
enfriar la comida". "I don't care"--> No me importa.
I really don't care if the movie is good or bad. Realmente no me
importa si la pelcula es buena o mala.
It doesn't really matter whether you are good or bad. Realmente
no importa si eres bueno o malo.
It doesn't matter what you do, she is always unhappy. No importa
lo que hagas, siempre est descontenta.
123.- AVOID VS PREVENT "AVOID" means to stay away from
something. "PREVENT" means to stop something from happening.I'm
avoiding you.
I'm preventing you from working.
Do x to prevent colds and flu.
Do y to avoid colds and flu.
Don't avoid doing the dishes.
Don't prevent your brother from doing the dishes.
124.- LOOK VS SEEM VS SOUND VS FEEL
We use LOOK when talking about something that we can physically
see with our eyes. We use SEEM when talking about a situation that
we have experienced for a very short time and we want to give our
impression of it. We use SOUND when we are listening to another
person talking about a certain situation and we want to talk about
our impression of it. Finally, we use FEEL whentalking about the
physical or emotional feeling something gives us. For example:
I saw a picture of Bills new house. It looks really nice.
This looks like a really expensive restaurant. I think we should
go to another place.
I only talked to the new manager for a couple of minutes, but
she seems really nice.
Ive only just arrived in this city, but it seems like a really
good place to live.
A: My new boyfriend is so sweet and romantic. Last night, he
took me out for dinnerto an expensive French restaurant.
B: He sounds wonderful.
A: My new apartment has three bedrooms, a big kitchen and theres
a great view from the balcony.
B: It sounds like a great place.
I love going to a hot spring. The hot water feels so good and
relaxing.
I really like this restaurant. It feels like a place that I used
to go to in my hometown.
125.- CONSIST. COMPRISE. CONSTITUTE. COMPOSE
CONSIST: To consist of something is to be made up of it:
COMPRISE: To comprise something has the same meaning as to consist,
often implying that the whole is regarded from the point of view of
its individual parts CONSTITUTE: To constitute something is to form
a whole, especially of dissimilar components: COMPOSE: To compose
means the same as to constitute, but implies that the components
have something in common:The chain is comprised of many links, and
is only as strong as its weakest.
Love and hate can constitute a balanced relationship.
A lethal dose of nerve agent VX consists of only 10
milligrams.
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.126.-DIFFER FROM /
DIFFER WITH
To DIFFER FROM is "to be dissimilar." To DIFFER WITH is "to
disagree with."
Men differ from women physically.
I differ with you on this issue. (I disagree with
you)127.-HEALTHFUL / HEALTHY
HEALTHFUL means "good for ones health." HEALTHYmeans "in a good
condition of health." Vegetables and fruits are healthful foods.Due
to their outdoor lifestyle, all of his children are healthy.128.-
IMPLY / INFER
To IMPLY is "to suggest without saying directly." A speaker or
writer can imply. To INFER is to "to make a conclusion based on
evidence not stated."
Susan implied that she was not happy with her studies.
Only a listener or reader can infer.
I inferred from the report that our taxes would be raised
again.129.- LEAVE / LET To LEAVEmeans, "to go away from." To
LETmeans, "to permit." He leaves work at five o'clock every
day.Jane let me borrow her bike.130.- DOWNSIDE VS UNDERSIDE
Downside is a noun that means the disadvantage of a situation.
Underside is a noun that means the side of something that is
usually nearest the ground.
"One of the downsides of living in London, of course, is that it
is very expensive."
"Look at the underside of your iMac display. If you see an
Ambient Light Sensor, you have a second generation iMac G5."131.-
DISINTERESTED / UNINTERESTED DISINTERESTED is an adjective that
means unbiased or impartial: UNINTERESTED is an adjective that
means not interested or indifferent:
We appealed to the disinterested mediator to facilitate the
negotiations.
They seemed uninterested in our offer.132.-FIGURATIVELY /
LITERALLY
FIGURATIVELY is an adverb that means metaphorically or
symbolically: LITERALLY is an adverb that means actually:
Happening upon the shadowy figure, they figuratively jumped out
of their shoes.
I'm not exaggerating when I say I literally fell off my chair.
It also means according to the exact meaning of the words: I
translated the Latin passage literally.133.-HISTORIC / HISTORICAL
In general usage, HISTORIC refers to what is important in history,
while HISTORICAL applies more broadly to whatever existed in the
past whether it was important or not: a historic summit meeting
between the prime ministers; historical buildings torn down in the
redevelopment
134.-LIGHTENING / LIGHTNING
LIGHTENING is a verb that means to illuminate; LIGHTNING is a
noun referring to the electrical charges the cause flashes of light
during storms:
The lightning struck, lightening the sky.
135.- BREATH vs BREATHE BREATH: The word 'breath' is a noun. It
denotes the air that is either inhaled or exhaled during breathing.
Colloquially, it can also mean a short pause (e.g., Take a breath
and try again.)
BREATHE: The word 'breathe' is a verb. It has the following
closely related meanings: To inhale and expel air from the lungs.
To allow gas or moisture to pass through. To impart (often used
figuratively).
Paul pinched his nose, took a breath and jumped off the
boat.
He would fight until his last breath.
Is she breathing? Virtually all fish breathe through gills.
The new synthetic material can breathe to prevent moisture
building up against the skin.
He breathed new life into the project.
He breathed a sigh of relief.
136.-NEGLECT / IGNORE NEGLECT = (a) not to take enough care of,
(b) disregard
IGNORE = take no notice of
Susan was complaining about being neglected by her husband.Paul
has been neglecting his studies lately.John ignored the manager's
instructions, so he got sacked.
137.-MODERN / CONTEMPORARY
MODERN = of the present times
CONTEMPORARY = belonging to the same time
Michelle's house is equipped with all modern conveniences.I have
recently visited an exhibition of contemporary Japanese
prints.138.-INHABITANT / RESIDENT INHABITANT = person living in a
place
RESIDENT = personliving in a place contrasted to a visitor
Most of the inhabitants of our city spend the weekend at the
countryside.
The residents of this area don't like tourists.139.- COMPARE TO,
COMPARE WITH; CONTRAST TO, CONTRAST WITH: To compare things means
to describe their similarities, differences, or both. Use COMPARE
TO when stating a likeness between things. Use COMPARE WITH when
showing similarities, differences, or both. prevention was small,
but both amounts were increased from last year To contrast means to
point out differences only. Use CONTRAST TO when showing things
with opposite characteristics. Use CONTRAST WITH when juxtaposing
things to illustrate their differencesThe final scene in the novel
can be compared to the final scene in the play, since both show a
reconciliation of opposing forces. Compared with what was budgeted
for prisons, the amount budgeted for crime. The Garcias' peaceful
marriage is in contrast to the Nelsons' bitter relationship.. They
contrasted Mr. Headley's plan for bringing in new businesses with
Ms. Friedman's proposal.140.-CONSCIENCE, CONSCIOUSNESS,
CONSCIENTIOUS, CONSCIOUS Conscience is an inner voice, a sense of
right and wrong; consciousness is simply awareness, or the ability
to think and feel. conscientious means scrupulous, painstaking, or
acting in accordance with conscience conscious means awake or
aware.Consciousness of the woman's plight didn't seem to bother his
conscience.; 141.- DIFFERENT FROM, DIFFERENT THAN When comparing
two things, use different from: If different introduces a
subordinate clause, use the subordinating conjunction thanThe movie
is different from (not than) the book. My goals are different from
(not than) yours.. The true story was different than I had
believed.
142.-DILEMMA, PROBLEM:
Don't use dilemma to mean problem. A dilemma means a choice
between two unattractive alternatives. A problem doesn't
necessarily involve such a choice.Her dilemma was whether to put up
with her neighbor's noise or to give up the inexpensive apartment.
The problem of how to provide universal health care plagued us143.-
ENTITLED, TITLED Use entitled to mean the right to have or do
something. Do not use it to mean titled. The book is titled (not
entitled) The Habitats of Wolves.
The Doyles were entitled to the money.144.- ENVELOP, ENVELOPE
Envelop is a verb meaning to cover completely or surround. Envelope
is a noun meaning something that covers, such as an envelope for a
letter.The fog enveloped the town.145.- ENVY, JEALOUSY Although
sometimes used synonymously, envy and jealousy have different
meanings. Envy is the desire for something that someone else has,
or a feeling of ill will over another's advantages. Jealousy is a
resentful suspicion that someone else has what rightfully belongs
to the jealous person. Out of jealousy, he followed his wife. By
favoring their daughter, they created jealousy in their son.My envy
of your success has made me bitter.146.- FLAIR, FLARE:
If you have a flair for something, you have a natural talent for
it. A flare is a flame or bright light. Flare as a verb means to
blaze brightly or burst out suddenly.Flair is never a verb.Her
flair for putting people at ease impressed us.147.-FULSOME,
ABUNDANT:
Don't use fulsome when you mean abundant (profuse or great
quantity). Fulsome means excessive or offensive. Therefore,
receiving fulsome praise for an action is not something to be happy
about, while receiving abundant praise is.148.-LOATH, LOATHE:
Loath is an adjective meaning reluctant. Loathe is a verb
meaning to despise.I am loath to admit that I loathe
David.149.-NAUSEATED, NAUSEOUS:
When you're sick to your stomach, you're nauseated. The thing
that made you sickfor example, rotten meatis nauseous. Twirling the
baby and throwing him up in the air makes him nauseated (not
nauseous). The baby would be nauseous only if the sight of him made
someone else feel nauseated.150.-PEOPLE, PERSON:
Use people rather than persons to refer to a group of human
beings. Use person to refer to one human being. A group of people
sharing a culture can be referred to as a people.She is a person of
integrity. The Lakota are a people of the plains.I wish more people
appreciated his artwork. He picked four people (not four persons)
for the management team151.-PERSONAL, PERSONNEL:
Personal means private or individual; Personnel pertains to
staff, workers, a company's employees. The human resource