Therapy and Sports Medicine Chapter Apply therapeutic skills for rehabilitation and injury prevention
Feb 14, 2016
Therapy and Sports Medicine Chapter
Apply therapeutic skills for rehabilitation and injury
prevention
Demonstrate Assistive and Therapeutic Techniques Range of motion When patients have
limited movement range of motion exercise help keep muscles and joints functioning
An example of a psychological benefit of massage therapy is relaxation
Range of Motion ROM Ordering by physician, Administered by
physical therapist, nurse assistant or other authorized person
Done during daily bath or at other times.
Using massage on strained muscle can help increase circulation
ROM is done to avoid Contractures
(tightening/shortening of muscle causing permanent flexing of joint, for example foot drop)
ROM exercise are done to prevent contractures
Muscle atrophy or stiff joints Circulatory impairment
(leading to blood clots or decubitius ulcers
Mineral loss Other problems, poor appetite,
constipation, urinary infections, respiratory problems, and hypostatic pneumonia.
Active ROM Active ROM-Performed by patients who are able to move each joint
without assistance.
The term that describes the ROM movement when a straight leg is bent at the knee is flexion.
Passive ROM Another person moves
each joint for a patient who is not able to exercise.
If a person has a cast on their wrist, the motion that can still be done to the wrist and hand is rotation.
Resistive ROM Performed by a
therapist against resistance provided by the therapistThe training a certified athletic trainer must have a bachelor’s degree.
The medical practice that would use a massage therapist as an associate is an orthopedics office.
Movements Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Hyperextension Rotation Pronation Supination
Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion
Principles for Performing ROM Movements should be done slow, smooth,
and gentle to prevent injury Support should be provided to the parts
above and below the joint being exercised Never force joint beyond range or to the point
of pain If patient complains of pain, stop exercise
and report it to the supervisor
Repeat three times or as ordered Encourage patient to assist as much as
possible Prevent unnecessary exposure of patient Close door, provide privacy Use correct body mechanics at all times
Principles of Ambulatory Assistance Crutches-Usually
prescribed by physician Therapist or authorized person fits crutches
Appropriate gait must be taught
Must be properly fit (axillary pressure can cause damage to radial nerve).
When ambulating a pt. with crutches, be sure: the pat supports his/her weight on the hand bars and not the axillary support.
When fitting crutches: Patient should wear good fitting walking shoes with
low, broad heels If possible, position patient against wall for support
(use chair for additional support) Position crutches 4-6” in front and 4-6” to the side of
patient’s foot Allow 2” space between armpit and axillary bar. Adjust hand pieces so that each elbow is flexed at
25-300 angle.
Crutches Gait taught depends
upon condition Patients must be taught
to support weight on hand bars, NOT axillary supports
Cane Provides balance and
support Some have 3 or 4 legs
for additional support Used on unaffected
(good) side
Walker 4 legged device Often used for weak
patients without leg injuries
Must be properly fitted to the pt.
Patient must lift walker, place it in front of the body, and walk into it
Patients must NOT slide walker
When helping a client’s who is recovering from a stroke the nurse aide should assist on the clients weak side.
Gait Belt Band of fabric or leather around patient’s waist During transfers or ambulation, health care workers
can hold gait belt to provide additional support Gait belt must be the proper size-secure fit around
waist but not too tight Belt may have loop to hold, or use an underhand
grasp to hold below Grasp belt at the back during ambulation Grasp the belt on both sides while facing the patient Apply gait belt over the patient's clothing at the
waist
Safety Checks Remain alert when ambulating patient Walk on weak side and slightly behind patient If the patient starts to fall, use your body to brace the
patient Ease the patient to the floor as slowly as possible Protect the patient’s head and neck Stay with the patient and call for help If a patient falls, an incident report must be filled out
in most agencies
Massage A traditional backrub uses
primarily friction. The massage technique
involving making fine, tremulous movement with the fingers or the use of a mechanical device is vibration.
During childbirth the massage technique that is used when light, circular strokes over the lower abdomen done during controlled breathing is called Effleurage.
During a massage you should encourage the pt. to understand the potential source of healing in his/her own consciousness.
Taping an ankle… When taping an ankle under
wrap is used to protect the skin.
When taping an ankle, the first piece of tape to go on is a single strip of tape around the ankle, approximately 5 or 6 inches above the malleous. The strip of tape is called an anchor.
Test Your Gray MatterWhen you are ambulating a pt. with a gait belt, how should you hold the gait belt?
When ambulating pt. with crutches, be sure:
You go into a pt.’s room and note that the humidifier attached to the oxygen is empty. What should you do?
What statement about the walker is true?
Sheena has a cast on her wrist. What motion can she still do with her lower arm, wrist and hand?
A physician wishes to treat a pts. Hemorrhoids with moist heat. Which of the following applications might be ordered?
What term describes the ROM movement when a straight leg is bent at the knee?
A pt. has shallow respirations, rapid pulse, restlessness, and cyanosis. The physician will likely order?
Hold the back of the belt using an underhand grasp.
The pt. supports his/her weight on the hand bars and not the axillary support Notify your
supervisor immediately
The walker should be properly fitted to the pt.
Sitz bath FlexionOxygen