1 Theory X Managers! Where do they come from? What makes them tick? What do they eat? © 2011 Project-Management- Course.info . All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Theory X Managers
Oct 21, 2014
http://www.project-management-course.info/theory-x-manager-eeek/
We've heard of the Theory X and Theory Y beliefs about worker motivation, but what is it that makes the Theory X manager come into existence? What makes them stay with us despite the wealth of subject matter expertise we've developed over the years?
We've heard of the Theory X and Theory Y beliefs about worker motivation, but what is it that makes the Theory X manager come into existence? What makes them stay with us despite the wealth of subject matter expertise we've developed over the years?
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1
Theory X Managers!
Where do they come from?What makes them tick?
What do they eat?
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Learning Objectives2
Theory X DefinitionOrigin of Theory XUnderstand Theory X Manager
BehaviorTheory X Manager StyleTheory X Manager PerformanceTheory X Manager Examples
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Origin of Theory X3
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Douglas McGregor used the concept of the Theory X manager to represent the prevalent way to manage employees during the 50’s.
Douglas McGregor
In the 1960’s, freedom was a popular concept for postulation about how life should be, and in 1960 McGregor penned his work, The Human Side of Enterprise.
He proposed the “ideal” management theory which he called Theory Y in contrast to the prevailing Theory X style of employee management of the day.
Theory X Manager Definition4
A person responsible for building a team who thinks that humanity is full of self-centered, lazy, childish, creativity free, unintelligent and irresponsible people. Theory X managers think that a precious few representatives of humanity have what it takes to lead, and that this sliver of humanity was born with the traits of an effective leader. McGregor’s called this management style "management by control."
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Theory X Management Style5
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Theory X manager style:
Theory X versus Theory Y isn’t about Good Cop vs. Bad Cop
AutocraticAuthoritarianMicromanagingNot “bad manager”Not “neurotic”
Theory X Management Style6
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Theory X Theory Y
Increased use of authorityDegree of freedom
Theory X People are basically lazy, and
must be coerced to work.
Theory Y Under the right conditions,
people will work.
Worker = Machine Worker = Beast of Burden
Theory X manager thinks:
Theory X Examples7
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The Bible Adam and Eve needed to be punished Tower of Babel Heaven (Carrot) vs. Hell (Stick)
Slavery Workers are no better than cattle
Caste Systems Worst jobs to the least educated
Characteristics of Theory X Managers8
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Autocratic and Authoritarian Pessimistic view of employees Micromanages exactly how things get done, rather than being
interested in a successful outcome. Threatens workers in order to get them to act properly Rewards workers when they act the proper way May thank or praise, in order to manipulate the worker Delegates tedious tasks rather than truly delegating authority Withholds raises or bonuses to manipulate worker behavior Assumes that employees dislike work and will avoid
responsibility Assumes that workers must be coerced into pursuing
company goals Blames people rather than processes when things go wrong
Conclusion9
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
What creates the Theory X Manager?
Behavior by subordinates, coupled with responsibility of management
Environmental factorsJaded perspective
X Theory Management Quiz10
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
How would a Theory X manager view employees?
a) needs to be coerced in order to meet goals.b) seeks responsibility.c) exercises self-control.d) views work as a regular daily activity.
Answer: a. needs to be coerced in order to meet goals.
A Theory X manager views employees as requiring coercion in order to meet goals.
X Theory Management Quiz11
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
A Theory X manager assumes that employees would:
a) seek to be responsible.b) enjoy work.c) exercise self direction.d) need external control.
Answer: d. need external controls.
A Theory X manager would assume that employees need external control in order to be productive.
X Theory Management Quiz12
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
All of the following are workforce assumptions by a Theory X manager except:
a) hates work.b) shirks responsibilities.c) exercises self direction.d) requires formal direction.
Answer: c. exercises self direction.
A Theory X manager assumes that employees hate work, shirk responsibilities, and require formal direction.
References13
© 2011 Project-Management-Course.info. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
• Project Management Course: Theory X Manager: Eeek! http://www.project-management-course.info/theory-x-manager-eeek/ (Accessed 11 Sep 2011)
• The Human Side of Enterprise (Douglas McGregor, 1960)
• Envision Software: Douglas McGregor – Employee Motivation Theory X vs. Theory Yhttp://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html (Accessed 11 Sep 2011)
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