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Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich The Origin of Elemental Abundances of the Terrestrial Planets
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TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$...

Aug 04, 2018

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Page 1: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich

The  Origin  of  Elemental  Abundances  of  the  Terrestrial  Planets  

Page 2: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Bulk  chemical  composi;on  •  „What  are  rocky  exoplanets  made  of?“  

Predic;on  of  chemical  composi;on  of  extrasolar  planets    (e.g.  C-­‐rich  planets,  Bond  et  al.,  2010)  

•  „Can  life  form  on  those  planets?“  Abundance  of  biologically  important  elements    (H,C,N,O,P  and  S)  

•  „Do  N-­‐body  simula;ons  work  properly?“  Test  for  dynamical  simula;ons,  reproducing    Solar  System    bulk  composi;ons  (Bond,  LaureQa  and  O‘Brien,  2010)  

Ø  Goal:  study  dependence  on  model  assump;ons  and                planet  proper;es  

 

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Page 3: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Methodology  (Based  on  Bond  et  al.,  2010)    

 

 

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

Gas  in  protoplanetary  disk  

 

Dust  par;cles  

 

Planetesimals  

 

Planets  

 

Dynamical  N-­‐body  simula;ons    (Morishima  et  al.,  2010)

Page 4: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Methodology  (Based  on  Bond  et  al.,  2010)    

 

 

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

Gas  in  protoplanetary  disk  

 

Dust  par;cles  

 

Planetesimals  

 

Planets  

 

Disk  model  (T  and  P  profile)  at  t=0,  Equilibrium  condensa;on  calcula;ons

Ini;al  condi;ons  of  dynamical  N-­‐body  simula;ons    (Morishima  et  al.,  2010)

Dynamical  N-­‐body  simula;ons    (Morishima  et  al.,  2010)

Page 5: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Methodology  (Based  on  Bond  et  al.,  2010)    

 

 

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

1. Source regions

Page 6: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Methodology  (Based  on  Bond  et  al.,  2010)    

 

 

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

2. Abundance profiles

1. Source regions

Page 7: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Methodology  (Based  on  Bond  et  al.,  2010)    

 

 

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

2. Abundance profiles

1. Source regions

3. Bulk chemical abundances

Page 8: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

1.  Source  regions  

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

Num

ber o

f pla

nete

sim

als

Page 9: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

Depends on location and mass of final planet.

High mass Low mass a b c d

Page 10: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

2.  Radial  abundance  profiles  

O  

Fe  

Si  

S  

Al  

„cold“ disk „warm“ disk

O  Fe  

Si  

S  Al  

Page 11: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

3.Bulk  chemical  composi;on  

+ = ?

Page 12: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

„warm“  disk   „cold“  disk  

Merkury Venus Earth Mars

vola

tility

normalized to Si:

Page 13: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion

•  Source  regions:  massive  planets  and  close-­‐in  planets  have    flaQer  source  regions  than  smaller  planets.    

•  Cold  disk:  effects  of  dynamics  are  surpressed.  

•  Warm  disk:  limited  variety  in  bulk  composi;on  of  refractory  and  vola;le  elements.  Dependence  on  mass  and  semi-­‐major  axis  of  the  final  planet.  

•  Solar  system  bulk  abundances  are  not  reproduced  in  detail.    

Conclusions  

Page 14: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$
Page 15: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Disk  model  (2  one-­‐dimensional,  1  two-­‐dimensional)  

Sigma(r)  ,  T(r),  P(r)  at  beginning  of  dynamical  simula;ons  

Ini;al  condi;ons  of  dynamical  simula;ons  (2  disk  masses)  (Morishima  et  al.,  2010)  

wt%.  of  elements  in  solids  

dynamical  simula;ons    (Morishima  et  al.,  2010)  

Bulk  composi;on  of  ini;al  planetesimals  

Ini;al  loca;on  of  planetsimals  (Morishima  et  al.,  2010)  

Bulk  composi;on  of  planets  

Abundance  profiles  

Source  regions  

1.  

2.  

3.  

Equilibrium  condensa;on  calcula;ons  (14  major  rock  forming  elements)  

Page 16: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Bond  et  al,  2010b  

Initial planetesimal disk

Final planets

Abundance profile

Page 17: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

•  Constraints  on  Solar  system  bulk  composi;on?    

•  Dependence  on  ini;al  condi;ons  of  dynamical  simula;ons?  

•  Transi;on  from  dust  to  planetesimals  (;me  scales,  loca;on)  ?  

•  Conserva;on  of  bulk  composi;on  during  mergers?  

Outstanding  ques;ons  

Page 18: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Hydrogen  

Only the two coldest disks provide H condensation inside 4 AU.

Page 19: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Extreme  composi;ons  

Page 20: TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ … · Sebastian Elser Universität Zürich Michael. R. Meyer ETH Zürich Ben Moore Universität Zürich TheOrigin of$Elemental$Abundances$ of$the$Terrestrial$Planets$

Extreme  composi;ons