Theories of International Relations PPT

Theories of International RelationsTheories of International Relations

RealismRealism Idealism (Liberalism)Idealism (Liberalism) ConstructivismConstructivism

Realism IRealism I Power: the ability to influence othersPower: the ability to influence others Irrelevance of morality and ethics and Irrelevance of morality and ethics and

lawlaw Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Irrelevance of domestic political systemsIrrelevance of domestic political systems Why is power the only thing that Why is power the only thing that

matters?matters? Human natureHuman nature Anarchic world: no rulesAnarchic world: no rules

Realism IIRealism II All nations are self-reliantAll nations are self-reliant To preserve peace use Balance of To preserve peace use Balance of

PowerPower US vs. USSR in Cold WarUS vs. USSR in Cold War US—China—Japan in East AsiaUS—China—Japan in East Asia

Unipolarity cannot lastUnipolarity cannot last Nations will balance against US powerNations will balance against US power

England’s Balancing ActEngland’s Balancing Act

EnglandEngland

RussiaRussia Prussia/Prussia/GermanyGermany

FranceFrance Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary

The Cold War Balance of Power The Cold War Balance of Power 1945-19901945-1990

IsraelIsrael Syria/EgyptSyria/EgyptEthiopiaEthiopia SomaliaSomaliaTaiwanTaiwan ChinaChinaS. KoreaS. Korea N. KoreaN. KoreaS. Viet NamS. Viet Nam N. Viet NamN. Viet NamW. BerlinW. Berlin E. BerlinE. BerlinW. GermanyW. Germany E. GermanyE. GermanyBritain/France/JapanBritain/France/Japan Poland/CzechPoland/CzechUSUS USSRUSSR

Unipolar WorldUnipolar World

EUEUJapanJapanRussiaRussiaChinaChinaIndiaIndia

USUS

Power?Power?

US: Weak Neighbors, Big OceansUS: Weak Neighbors, Big Oceans

PowerPower

Power?Power?

Power: InformationPower: Information

Power: Political Unity/StabilityPower: Political Unity/Stability

Power? Shanghai, ChinaPower? Shanghai, China

Power? Jaipur, IndiaPower? Jaipur, India

Power?Power? ThailandThailand Algeria Algeria South South

Korea Korea

Power?Power?

Idealism/Liberalism IIdealism/Liberalism I Power is not the only thing that Power is not the only thing that

matters matters States have common interests and States have common interests and

common valuescommon values Trade is the key common interestTrade is the key common interest

Idealism/Liberalism IIIdealism/Liberalism II Global MarketplaceGlobal Marketplace InterdependenceInterdependence Desire for rules Desire for rules Desire for predictability and stabilityDesire for predictability and stability International system is based on laws International system is based on laws

(Treaties) and institutions (UN, WTO)(Treaties) and institutions (UN, WTO) International lawInternational law

UN General Assembly, New YorkUN General Assembly, New York

International Court of Justice,International Court of Justice,The Hague, NetherlandsThe Hague, Netherlands

WTO, GenevaWTO, Geneva

International LawInternational Law SovereigntySovereignty VoluntaryVoluntary Choosing cooperation over rivalryChoosing cooperation over rivalry Multilateral Treaties DepositoryMultilateral Treaties Depository

Constructivism IConstructivism I Nation-states are not all alikeNation-states are not all alike Political culture shapes foreign policyPolitical culture shapes foreign policy Form of government shapes foreign Form of government shapes foreign

policypolicy History shapes foreign policyHistory shapes foreign policy Domestic political trends and Domestic political trends and

debates shape foreign policydebates shape foreign policy

Constructivism IIConstructivism II States have identityStates have identity State identity influences the way State identity influences the way

states interact with each otherstates interact with each other Examples:Examples:

China sensitivity to any policies of other China sensitivity to any policies of other states that threaten its unity and states that threaten its unity and sovereigntysovereignty

US desire to transform the worldUS desire to transform the world

Russian fear of invasionRussian fear of invasion

China 21China 21stst Century Century

China: Qing Dynasty 1644-1911China: Qing Dynasty 1644-1911

China: ColonizedChina: Colonized

US: Woodrow Wilson, 1917US: Woodrow Wilson, 1917 ““The world must be made safe for The world must be made safe for

democracy. Its peace must be planted upon democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them. “of nations can make them. “

US: GW Bush, 2005US: GW Bush, 2005 ““And we have declared our own And we have declared our own

intention: America will stand with the intention: America will stand with the allies of freedom to support allies of freedom to support democratic movements in the Middle democratic movements in the Middle East and beyond, with the ultimate East and beyond, with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world. “ goal of ending tyranny in our world. “