THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH TO THE CAPACITY OF THE SECURITY SYSTEM "NEVER AGAIN"- SYBOLIC PROFILING

Mr. Zoran MilosavljevcScientific Researcher in the Institute for Political Studies in BelgradeMr. Jovan KrsticSenior Councilor to the Office of the Public Prosecutor of Serbia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH TO THE CAPACITY OF THESECURITY SYSTEM - SYBOLIC PROFILING

SYMBOLIC APPROACHES

The Symbolic Approach to System Security Reform (SSR) is acollection of ideas and concepts which sends a clear message tothe environment that Serbia has broken with authoritarian regimesand their corresponding security systems of the past.1 For anillustration of how epochal this approach can be, we can use asan example based on recent events, a very hard and largelyunfinished reform of the security services in Pakistan. It isharder and more painful, but also historically important processof balancing democracy in Turkey.

At our national level, a bit of research and scientificprojects have not contributed enough to all of us, as an activecivic public, to reach a better idea of the causes of our own

1 Petar Zeman, “The Transformation of the Intelligence Services,” Transformation -Chez Experience, Hugo Printing Company, Prague, 2006, p.115, “The primary task fornewly emerging free societies immediately after the defeat or collapse ofauthoritarian or totalitarian power is to destroy the existing secret police services– it is a task that plays a major role in determining the success of transformation.There are at least two reasons for this. By dissolving their authority, an opensociety ensures the situation does not turn around and return to the old order,confirming, in a highly symbolic and visible way, its divorce with it before its ownpublic and the world in general. However, in an open society a number of threats thathad up to then been hidden beneath the blanket of oppression emerge with aninflationary tendency, the most visible of which is the appearance of new forms ofserious crime. The new political elite is faced with the task of building newintelligence and security services (for simplification, I shall use the term “secretpolice” from here on) or transform the remains of the old ones almost immediatelyafter the fall of a totalitarian regime.."

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insecurity and achieve greater impact on the public officials(military/police sector of the society) to more working to reduceapathy and suffering of citizens in relation to a serious threatto the constitutional order and security of the state! But aboveall, one must know the answer: who is "we "? People who think they arepart of a nation should know who they are (!) As "we", we should recognizewhat is common and what unites us, because it is as important aswhat each of us needs to know who I am, recognizing "I" as acitizen of their city and their country. The general problem of

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the level of Security Culture2 in societies in transition from theauthoritarian past to a stable democracy is that most people havea vague feeling of who are they as citizens and as members of anation, or minority group, where they were and where they wereheaded. Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Church, all of what isconsidered the social elite, Government and Non-GovernmentalOrganizations , the powerful media that have risen to the highest

2 Glossary of Security Culture, Centre for Civil-Military Relations, Belgrade 2009, Stajić, LjubomirS. Mijalković, Sasha and Stanarević, Svetlana. Youth's security culture: how to live safely, Belgrade,2006: Draganic, Johnston, Alastair I. "Thinking about Strategic Culture," International Security,Vol. 1 9, No. 4, (1995) Katzenstein, J. Peter Culture of National Security, New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, in 1996. http://www.scribd.com/doc/19945269/pojmovnikbezbednosnekulture. "Security Culture has its own internal and external events. Interior relating to theconsideration of security and external security relating to the behavior and theattitude and approach to security, by which is primarily related to the willingnessand ability to, any material of any spiritual answers to the challenges and threats.How culture shapes the National Security, is best seen through the behavior of statesin international relation, and accordingly, the exercise of such a position from whichcan significantly affect other countries in the international arena. When viewed /analyzed the sphere of action of Security Culture recognized then, three areas /fields where she often finds use in international relations and to the related fieldsof political, strategic and organizational culture. In studies of internationalsecurity is often used precisely the concept of Strategic Culture. According to JanAlastair Johnston, it can be defined as "an integrated system of symbols, establishinglong-term strategic preferences by formulating concepts of the role and efficacy ofmilitary force in international relations at showing that the strategic, as well asfactual preferences that they look unique realisitic and effective ." And Security andStrategic Culture are part of the Political Culture of a political community. Sincethe time of creation of modern Nation-States, it became clear that culture can beshaped structures and deliberate policy, but it can also be a tool by which people canshape their opinions, prejudices, emotions, behaviors and policy preferences. Unlikethe political, strategic and organizational culture, Safety Culture should allow todetermine the behavior of some security in the system as a whole, its individual partswithin a particular group ( subculture ), as well as the security key pointsinitiatives and decision-making at the level of state or any other entity. Culture andCode of Conduct of security are changing, evolving and becoming more complex inaccordance with the changed role of the state and the change of the security area /environment inside or outside the state territory / territories."; Stajić, Ljubomir S.,Mijalković, Sasha and Stanarević, Svetlana. Youth's security culture: how to live safely, Belgrade:Draganic, 2006th Johnston, All Star "Thinking about Strategic Culture," International Security,Vol. 1 9, No. 4 (1995); Katzenstein, Peter J., ed.Culture of National Security, New York:

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authority in the community (with the TV studios where would theHollywood be envied on), do not give the correct answer to thecitizens of Serbia!

How wouldn’t it be, when a large number of citizens of theRepublic of Serbia do not recognize themselves in the vision ofthe nation and globalization that gives TV series "My Cousin fromthe Country" with the ambitious slogan: The major role plays -Serbia! Therefore, the main security problem is that manycitizens do not participate in public political life or resistsaccepting different standards and in that way similarlyproclaimed social values, as generally they generally do notrecognized themselves as the subjects of national security.

Profiling of the National Legislative Framework and NationalPolitical Framework in this area is based on the fact that thesense of individual and general uncertainties within the naturalstate of insecurity and unpredictability. In the conquest andcontrol of these natural conditions that were already recognizedby modern physics is largely decided within its theories, hasundergone previous history of the world. One of the tasks of thesocial sciences is to make a global assessment of the state ofHuman Security. The United Nations has addressed the theme, buton our national level we need serious review of the common values (theGeneral Security Object of Protection to be built) and interest (so-called the General Policy of Persecution to meet the people’sneeds in this area). Why? Because the interests of citizenstypically neglected by the bureaucracy in the favor of thevarious collectives, ranging from interest groups across thepolitical parties to the State itself (i.e., to that very samebureaucracy).

Previous studies have led to the development of many newSecurity Concepts, which sought to explain the new Security

Columbia University Press, in 1996;

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Reality, and one of the new key notion for understanding our RealSecurity and so to speak: the global awareness is the notion ofHuman Security. Human Development Report of the UNDP in 1994explains the concept of Human Security as "the universal humanfocused concern for human life and dignity."3 It defines sevenCategories of Human Security: Economic Security, Food Security,Health Security, Environmental Security, Personal Security,Political Security and Community Safety.

Essentially, the Capacity of the Security System, or anextent of protection provided by the system, refer not to it asour national profile in the field of building security systemenough civilian controlled and effective enough to protectsociety and derive some additional capacity to the globalsecurity, but refer to whether the national profile is narrower than desiredprofile of Human Security by the standards offered by international organizationssuch as DCAF4 ( and their Code of Ethics Politico-MilitaryAspects of Security5) and the RAND Corporation and their leadingideologue6 (by the Report prepared for the Advisory Team forSecurity Sector Reform in Great Britain7), in order not to repeat

3 UN Development Programme (UNDP). UN Human Development Report, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 3;

4 Dimitrijević, Vojin. Social and Cultural Prerequisites for Promotion andImplementation of the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Working Paper Series No.67), Geneva: Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2002. 5 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), Occasional Paper -№.11, Implementation of democratic control of armed forces In the OSCE Region: LessonsLearned from the OSCE, Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security,Alexandre Lambert, Geneva, July 2006.6 Fukuyama, Francis, The End of History and the Last Man, CID, Podgorica, 1999, claimsthat the foundation of a new world order "universalization of liberal democracy as thefinal form of human government," Author's comment: it does not automatically mean thatthe leading democracy of the Western Countries but "Leading Democracies" around theworld with all regional challenges and contradictions (EU, Brazil, India, the U.S.,Australia, South Africa, etc.).

7 Greg Hannah, Kevin A. O’Brien, Andrew Rathmell, Intelligence and Security Legislation for Security Sector Reform, RAND Corporation, Report was prepared for the UK’s Security Sector Development Advisory Team, www.rand.org

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the case of the inadequacy and ineffectiveness of NationalSecurity System8 such as in the case of NATO's intervention inthe former Yugoslavia9. There is no security system that is self- sufficient, and evens the global one, nor can it be copied.Because of Security Systems that are assessed as these mentioned,have been insufficient measured by some standards and should beestablished as autonomous in relation to the other precisely because of theircapacity expansion, in the sense that in order to avoid thesuffering outside intervention caused by the incompatibility, orif it ever comes to that international intelligence community tobe authorized to influence the appropriate way in terms ofreforms. Otherwise there is a danger of the internationalinstruments of control over the UN and their standards to beadministered inappropriately by saying: “If all you have a hammer, then

8 Matic, Goran, "The Angels of Mercy," MEDIAGRAF, Belgrade, 2005 , p. 344, Author'snote: on this statement Matic does not agree;

9Annan, Kofi A."Two Concepts of Sovereignty." The Economist, 18 September 1999.www . un . org / Overview / SG / kaecon . htm > (01/19/2000), In his speech in 1999 and again inhis speech in 2001 on the occasion of receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mr. Annansupported the idea that the "General Interest of Humanity" has to be in front of thesovereignty of the states. The Secretary-General has argued that the UN armedintervention in support of this General Interest was the only occasion in which theuse of force can be justified. Souverenity of states, in the most basic sense,redefines the forces of globalization and international co-operation ... (until) thesovereignty of individuals...increased by revived awareness of the right of everyindividual to control his own destiny... Massive and systematic violations of humanrights, wherever they are going on, cannot be tolerated."

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every problem begins to resemble a nail.”10 This logic we canshow in a simple empiric research:

Personal Safety of the citizens in Serbia is not high due tothe increasing extremism, which is defined as an extension of man(society) beyond the reach of his limbs (borders) and relatedconditions such as: blaming someone else, a sense of inferiority,cruelty toward subordinates and servility to powerful,xenophobia, militant exhibitionism, especially militant extremism"corresponded to times of crisis and intensified to the point ofbeing unbearable." Conclusion is based on the results of acriminal prosecution for offenses involving violence and simplerecital of the facts of Hate Speech and Hate Crime, intolerancethat breeds conflict from which it follows that at first glancewe can see and conclude that the threat to personal safety ismuch higher than the level in the stable democracies (EU). Thisis because many citizens have nothing for decent living, lookingfor work but cannot find it, and many of those having jobs arenot able to live out of their work.

Hence, the Security Culture is reduced to simply navigateand reliance on "everyone and everything" except the

10 Milosavljević, Zoran T. The role of the global political community in thepreservation of world peace," University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Science,Department of Political Violence and State, Master thesis, Belgrade, 2009, p. "Often,paradoxically or not, the steps toward the resolution of the dilemma of Human Securityoccur only after the use of force, mostly military forces of National Security. Butsuch an outcome should not prove to be as true for some of the problems of HumanSecurity in the future (which are created today). Thus, there is a real need foralternative perspectives allow engross one's opinion. They point out that MilitarySecurity, especially American analysts and policy makers at the expense of other formsof security, can bring a fundamental paradox of self-sufficiency: When someone usingmore effort to avoid a military intervention, it is more compelled to intervenemilitarily due to the inability to recognize the conflicting aspects of security andto deal with them in a preventative manner. Old phrase that describes the trap is alsoa handy reminder: “If you all have a hammer, then every problem begins to resemble anail.” Certainly, as the intervention in Somalia, the Balkans, Afghanistan and Iraqillustrate, the traditional use of Military Security may not be the best one, and notonly one strategic instrument that is applicable."

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institutions.11 From the ground, through the institutional to theoutside space, (lack of the) Security Culture manifests itself inthe way that is politically assessed by influential internationalcircles as expansionism, 12 fueled by certain "government centersexpansionism,"13 as a synonym for the tendency to expand onsomeone else's premises as they may be bounded and as it could beconsidered as the potential threat to world peace, as well as apotential reason for foreign intervention. In this way, our society and thecountry begins to look like the "nail" mentioned above, by comingunder the international criticism of the political attitudes ofthe Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Orthodox Church, theSerbian Government and the National Assembly.11 Maya Bjeloš, "What are the citizens thinking of their own security and the securityof Serbia?" BCSP (Belgrade Centre for Security Policy), the Research in Cooperationwith CeSID in April and May 2010. They conducted a public opinion survey on theperceptions of citizens on personal, collective and national security. Answering tothe question of who is responsible for their personal safety, nearly three-quarters ofwomen (66%) and men (65%) do not believe that the state authorities contributed tothem to feel safe, but a sense of security as an attribute to their lifestyle, goodneighborhood, the environment in which they live or the ability to selfprotection.However, answering on the specific question on which institution contributes most totheir sense of security, slightly more women (30%) than men (28%) said that this is sobecause the Police, while 5% of men as at the second placet of the importance fortheir personal security selected by the Military, and only 3% of women.12 Simeunović, Dragan, Definition of extremism from the perspective of politicaltheory, Serbian Political Thought, Vol. XVI vol 24, no. 2/2009, p. 15; From theabstract: "... The author analyzes a multidisciplinary point of the fundamentalcharacteristics of political extremism, its causes and consequences for the socio-political system. While it is tolerable only as long as marginal in a society,extremism typically corresponded to times of crisis and intensified to the point ofbeing unbearable and unaccepted. Extremism is expressed as a militant exhibitionismfor fear of impersonality and ultimately the cancellation of personal identity.”

13 Miroljub Jevtic, S. Orthodoxy and the Serbian National Identity, Serbian PoliticalThought , 1998 , vol . 5, no. 1-4, p. 63-78," Unlike other forms of identification,religious identification has always been a powerful and indivisible. That is why,under the influence of pro - elite churches and expansive government centers inYugoslavia was particularly difficult inter - cultural reapproachement.Underestimation of religious differences in the formation of the South SlavicCommunities and their effect on the slow development of other values and culturalfoundations of South Slavic Unity over time has become an important cause ofdifficulty, crisis and the collapse of two of the Yugoslav states, which in any casedeserves more attention in contemporary political studies."

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However, what is the most important; Economic Security (FreeMarket) is low, because we have no Long Term Developing Strategy,as the foundation of the good Security Culture. What's more, theconcept of National (State) Security refers to goods/values thatare protected or are tried to be achieved, so the overallprotective facility and special protected buildings alreadyobsolete offenses against the security and the constitutionalorder of the Republic of Serbia in the Criminal Code, and threatsthat threaten these resources, such as for example: underminingor weakening of the national economic and financial power. Butthe real object of protection are natural resources, rather thana political regime, especially in the regime where the market isfraught monopoly and oppression, which creates a breeding groundfor corruption and money laundering, smuggling, and in whichmarket the natural resources are exploited without control andsocial character of the whole national production does notadequately used by society, but the total Gross NationalProduction (GNP) is reduced to oligarchy. Oligarchy createstycoons - inappropriately wealthy individuals who actuncontrollably and unsafe for the whole of society from thestandpoint of the public interest ahead of the specified safetyfield because they protect their narrow economic interests andcriminal activities (e.g. smuggling).

If you consistently consider hat and such a Security System,we see that in the list of protected goods/values as priorities,lacking the protection of certain human rights from the corpus iurisof human rights (specifically the right to equal access ofcitizens to private property and private enterprise, not justtycoons). The legislation lacks an anthropocentric kind of normswith environmentally constraints (rather than ethnocentric normswith utilitarian extensions for tycoons to allow uncontrolledextraction resources such as of sand from rivers, drillingmachines for dispensing oil, mineral resources, hunting wildbirds, etc.). In our academic circles, there is no supporter of

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the theory and practice that should shape the Penal Code in sucha way that this norms are adorned by an important chapter of theCode, such as specific crimes against the constitutional order,designed in an anthropocentric manner, not state-centric aspresent, in order to reach a binding contact of our legislativeframework with framework imaginary world the concept of humansecurity. But if you believe in such a generally accepteddefinition of protected resources, and just think of the nationaleconomy and finance, from which we can conclude that certainpolitical parties who, when they were in power, made decisionsthat were detrimental to national security with impunity. But whois the one that shall forthwith send a message to the Government?The general feeling of the laity is that the public perception ofsafety is such that it appears that there was no time to standtrial for people for bad decisions. Why there are countries intransition, shifting mode, and relatively less variable servicedoes not respond or respond only when they have to order?

Generally, only equal, free, and democratic participation inpolitical and economic life of citizens in the country orcommunity can build national security and contribute to theconstruction by establishing an integrated security. Justcomplete Guarantees of Human Rights, participatory governance,the rule of law, sustainable development and equal access toresources that can provide the human and national security tocontribute to democratic decision-making and internationalcooperation."14

It is the ruling feeling of inadequacy that has coincidedand conducted social change in countries in transition, the mainempirical evidence of lack of capacity of the Security System. When weanalyze the perception of citizens about what they perceive asthe main factors endangering National Security, then we see that

14 Gaćinović Radoslav, "Democracy and Security in the Nation-State", Serbian PoliticalThought, 2010, no. 1, p. 151-168

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the "voice of the people" (vox populi) indicates that securityservices are fare from the priority, for the citizens put in thefirst place of danger so called "The White Plague" *insufficientbirth rate) as the main source of existential fear of thepopulation, of course, far ahead of "endangering the territorialintegrity" which imposes and suggesting media or politicians andfar away of the will of citizens considering as the mostimportant for them. In doing so, the female respondents showedtheir atavistic security features (intuition), and it is to be sensitiveto the risk of loss of the people in the matter (substance)15,just the concept of security applies to humans, so the personalsubstance of the state, and not on things belonging to the state.

Seems like in the fable of the “Emperor's New Clothes,” weare waiting for an innocent boy to announce that "the emperor isnaked,"16 thus, to be in the area of constitutionally guaranteedrights of the people and the security of the state, to demystifythe sort of simple distinction between light and darkness, thatmeans, to realize that the democratic transition is not reducedonly to give people to have only vote as a kind of punishment forGovernment for bad conduct of the people and the state, but itboils down to and summarizing special kind of criminal responsibility -Historical Responsibility. We have publicly expressed the viewthat at the 5th of October 2000 our country has missed anhistoric opportunity to create a different and better world!There are court, but for now these of the regular proceedings,because for such a trial they are unprepared, but the Courts of

15 May Bjeloš, "What do Serbian citizens think about their own safety Serbia?" BCSP(Belgrade Centre for Security Policy), in cooperation with CESID, when asked what themain threat to the security of the nation they belong to men and women gave thefollowing answers: "white plague"(insuficient national birth rate) - men 37.2%, women35.6%," secession of Kosovo and Metohija "- men 19.6%, women 14.2% of all"strengthening nationalism and ethnic tension "- men 11.9%, women 12 8%, "migration" -men 9.8%, women 10.3%.16 Svetislav Basara, 30/09/2009, “Danas” daily, “Basara - the Famous "Emperor's oldclothes."

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History. It is high time to better examine a specific type ofjudgment based on a historical responsibility. On the governmentsin the transition a huge load of historical responsibility hasbeen transferred for errors committed in the name of the allgovernments and the authorities in the past. So if there is ahistorical responsibility, and if this responsibility is easiestunderstood as a simple sum of the products of accumulated political mistakesfrom the past, then the security of the entire system must bediscussed from the point of civilian control from the point ofview of the insufficiency and inefficiency - ineffectiveness.There are not a few examples from history when governments orrulers apparently had no proper assessment of the degree ofvulnerability of the people and the state, otherwise, simplywould not bring some wrong decisions, or if they were aware ofthe facts if they were known and yet made that decision, then whynot being scheduled/alarmed by proper security system. Due tothe time elapsed since the events in which the actors wereinfluenced by, among other things, the security services thatstarted avoiding complying with the rules of profession, it isnecessary to correct our historical memory.

Judgment of History, therefore, requires the existence of aHistorical (State) Memory. But in the Balkans of course, unevenlyintertwine and complement both our and the EU standards ofcivilized governing and civilized relation to the past. But, notonly in the Balkans, there is present tension "betweentransnational and EU anti-totalitarian memory of the Holocaust asa symbol on one side and the national memory of the victims,centered around individual communities, on the other hand.Between t17he various countries in the region and on continentsit leads to a kind of “war of memories." Conflicted histories are

17 Todor Kuljić, "Politika daily", 2011, Feuilleton from the broader unpublished studies "Remembering Titoism: long shadows of the past"

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retroactively source of conflict. Conflicts of this kindundermine the security of the EU, which has already achievedpolitical unity and seeks to achieve resolution on non-conflictrelationship to the past. In order to prevent conflicts betweencommon past attempts to be centered on around the negative imageof the authoritarian system of governing.

The process of reforms of the security services weresymbolically based just on the fact that we ended with theauthoritarian past. Changes in the field of Civil-MilitaryRelations suggesting us to approach slowly and inconsistently, nomatter how thoroughly inaccessible to researchers, so that someauthors found that nothing had changed. In doing so it is left asit is evident, that the changes in the symbolic values that areprotected. While a one of the sovereign of Serbia - Tito wasderived from the global policy making to socialism bond ofbrotherhood and unity, today Аnti-Тitoizam in a multi-partydemocratic society is nexus of nationalism. In theseconsiderations it is estimated that the situation is similar inother countries. Is it because there are an official memory ofall the Eastern European member states socialism labeled as anti-national social system, but not as anti-nationalist system. Shiftfrom an authoritarian past as a measure of progress of societiesin transition had serious consequences: extreme nationalism istherefore left without the necessary supervision and control in manycountries, including Serbia. That causes a slowing down of thetransition and damaging the interests of the safety of citizensand the state.

Capacity of knowledge relating to the real world determinesthe capacity the security. Reducing the capacity of the securityservices, there is all the selected wrong symbolically rejoins,for example, rather than anthropocentric social system and thesystem of law, the corpus of human rights at the center of publicinterest and welfare, as a desirable state, the public expects to

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achieve through peaceful means. There is impression that theselected ethnocentric system, with the public interest bounded byethnicity, not to human rights limits. Some intellectuals are"right" when they claim that this is their life, but it isextremely autistic to try to their perception applied to allother citizens of the Republic of Serbia. Dogmatic avant-gardeand false consciousness with of the commissar, without anyrespect for their fellow citizens, the public pays part of theSerbian intelligentsia, primarily members of their own people,using outdated rhetoric of public policy, and it seems now thatwe are part of global insecurity and probably the subject of thethreat of foreign intervention.

In contrast to today's relation of an intelligentsia actingnot in accordance with citizens, when Dositej Obradovic came toSerbia in 1806 and also found a huge primitivism, with greatwisdom and respect for their own people, he worked on changes inconditions that some chroniclers compared with the "stone age,”as described by Milos Obrenovic’s hairdresser, whom Dositej in1811 accidentally saved life as a clerk, and not to be executedby his captains. He has seen Serbian Dukes acting extremelyprimitive referred to each other as " giants among men and tigers" Unfortunately for our philosophical and political thought, suchan approach to building a Serbian Civil Society after Revolution(1804) which is rightly called The Third Bourgeois Revolution,behind the American Revolution and the French BourgeoisRevolution at the beginning of eighteenth century, the epochaland dignity surpasses our most intelligent heads at the beginningof XXI century, just when it is necessary only to reestablishmiddle- class that has yet to bear the burden of epochal change,after being destroyed in socialist revolution.

IN USA the reforms were going on since the establishing ofCentral Intelligence with warning prediction that we must haveconstantly in mind “in the global and totalitarian war,

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intelligence must be global and totalitarian.”18 In Argentina,the process of reform of the security system lasted and lastedmore than 200 years, and only the Law on National Security wasenacted in 2001 after twenty years of discussion!19 Changes inthe security culture in Serbia lasting also since the man of theformat of Dositej advised Karađorđe,20 and when still notlistening advises for “to engage played troops for Serbian headsnot to fall” Karađorđe ordered "to move all the gun can handle"having no strong regular army. Than, in response to failures inthe fight against Insurgent army, Ottoman Empire pulled thesafety lessons and decided to abolish the Janissary Army becausethey judged "that the empire will collapse...If instead, it doesnot establish a regular, educated and disciplined army."21 Andsince the first security activities in the territory of Serbia,from which time encouraged by the first intelligence activitiesdescribed as "double games" or i.e. double engaging agents inOttoman age22 and until today, when we create the first SerbianProfessional Army, then, after suffering enormous loses in a long

18 Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes – The History of CIA, Doubleday Publishing Group,Random House, Inc. 2007, New York, Chapter 1, p. 3, General William J. Donovan: fromthe letter addressed to the Us President Roosevelt in November 18th 1944,

19 Thomas, C. Bruneau and Steven C. Boraz, Reforming Intelligence Obstacles toDemocratic Control and Effectiveness, Chapter 8 Establishing democratic control ofintelligence services in Argentina (Priscila Brandão Carlos Antunes), p. 195;20 Stojkovic Andtija BK, “Life Path Dositeja Obradovic,” Beletra, Belgrade, Firstly,instead of social utilitarianism bourgeois individuals who Dositey preached in theWest, there is a general precedence over personal interest, "Cursed is every one thatits loves more the general benefit than his own." His plan puts education where itshouldbe even at that times where there was a war for the preservation of bare life,the right place - and that is the end: after the military, taxes, "the laws ofChristians", than comes "establishment of schools."21 Resurrection Serbian state: political-historical study of the first Serbianuprising, 1804-1813, p. 80, p. 13;22 MilitarySecurity Agency, Chronology of the Security Service in the Army http://www.mod.gov.rs/lat/organizacija/vba/vba_istorijat.php ,

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time when implementing the doctrine of "armed people,"23 whichmade from Serbia a demographic havoc.

National historiography for a long time argues in the waythat the summary is communicated to as following: "Great powersfor their own interest used Serbs at the turn of this century andforced to defend their national identity and statehood. Ekmečićis the first historian who discusses these issues in a broader,five centuries of civilization and national historical context.Active participation of the lone superpower, with the assistanceof its satellites, at the time of a one-polar world led tofragmentizing Serbian ethnic area and threatened sovereignty thatstill continues."24If one accepts that the Serbian people livingin the territory of which were dealt major powers for theirinterests, that the Serbian state was repeatedly disruptivefactor in the territorial and political aspects of security, wecertainly have to accept the necessity of the Serbian people andall citizens that must have a secure state, primarily for all,not just only for that and for the Serbian people itself.According to this view of our past and moving into the future itis necessary to have precisely the wisdom of reformers who wouldskillfully avoid being judged as an ideological enemy of thechurch, either party, or any nation, globalization, regardless ofanything or anyone, either here, or in the world, just as it wasDositej Obradovic. The symbolic target of changes is not only ashift from an authoritarian system of government in the past, butalso to achieve Dositej’s mission in XXI century. Dositej’s23 Dobrila Gajic - Glisic, “From the office of Minister of War - Serbianarmy,""Litopapir,”Čačak, 1993 p. 30; "From the statement of the Minister of DefenceTomslav Simović…Public information ", no. 1077/91-01 date: 05. 11. 1991; "... today inBelgrade held the first meeting of the Commission for drafting the Law on the SerbianArmed Forces”; Page. 23; "Given that Croatia has already had a mercenary army," the“Boss Jezda" suggested that ... we take from the world of commandos to fight insteadof people. Such mercenaries are everywhere in the world and it was not hard to getthere. But that was not an option."24 Milorad Ekmečić, “The long movement between slaughter and plowing: A History ofSerbs in the New Century: 1492-1992, ” Belgrade, Textbook, 2007, p. 600, from thedisplay by Staniša Nesic,

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historical mission is rightly celebrated and evaluated as acreative synthesis of eastern and western culture on the basis ofpositive folk tradition, as a synthesis of the contradictionsbetween old and new,25 as we still badly needed in the area of security that would be re-professionalized and understood as asynthesis of old and new professionalism in relation ofconvergence.

At the same time, we must bear in mind the scientificcriticism of Dositej for "westernization" of Serbia and theBalkans, as "yet another hegemonic approach to transition."26

25 Sojković, Andtija BK, “Life Path Dositeja Obradovic,” Beletra, Belgrade, "Obradovichas avoided the tragic fate of many burned" heretics," although he had opponentsespecially from the ranks of the clergy. He did not want to be a preacher or apostleof the new religion, which acts as gall old critic like Erasmus, Rabelais, andVoltaire. He could not stand not conducted any violence - believing in the spirit ofthe epoch that truth itself paves the roads, and that reform and progress does notcome from above, but from below - education and culture."26 Fischerm, Wladimir “The Role of Dositej Obradovic in the Construction of SerbianIdentities During the 19th Century”, www.yorku.ca/soi/Vol_3/_HTML/Fischer.html,“Today, nearly a hundred years after the first centennial of Obradovic’s death, whatmatters is which meanings are now attached to Dositej Obradovic. The last struggleover his image took place in 1999 when two of his statues were overthrown in Kosovo.If Albanian activists were behind it, as the Yugoslav press agency claimed, the deedshows that the symbol of Dositej did not lose its hegemonic character in CommunistYugoslavia. It is, of course, not clear which kind of hegemony it stood for:Communist, Serbian national, Western, or for the educational system as such. In thecase cited, the Serbian national and the Western hegemonic traits seem to have playeda role, as in a clipping from the Yugoslav press agency from September 21, 1999, takenfrom the homepage of the Serbian Unity Congress. Interestingly, in order to presentYugoslavia as a Western country, Obradovic is foregrounded, while “Albaniannationalists” appear as anti-Western outlaws: NATO aggression against Yugoslavia. New bits Pristina – On Saturday, ethnic Albaniannationalists pulled down a monument to Dositej Obradovic, Serbia’s enlightener,philosopher and writer, which had been located in front of the Pristina Universitychancellor’s office.Obradovic (1742-1811), author of a large number of works writtenin Serbian and other languages, established cultural and educational links between theBalkans and Europe, creating a basis for the Serb’s modern literature. ...Since the deployment of the U.N. peacekeeping force KFOR in the province, ethnicAlbanian extremists have also pulled down monuments raised in Pristina, the main cityin the Yugoslav Republic of Serbia's Kosovo and Metohija province, in memory of VukStefanovic Karadzic, Serbia’s nineteenth-century language reformer, and Petar PetrovicNjegos, Montenegro's nineteenth-century ruler, poet and bishop. They have alsodestroyed a monument in Prizren to Emperor Dusan, who ruled Serbia in the thirteenthcentury, and a monument in Gnjilane dedicated to Emperor Lazar, who died in the battleof Kosovo in 1389 making it impossible for the Turkish army to continue its advance

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It's not about the revision of historical facts, but to drawlessons from how our past has been seen by others and see whatother safe and peaceful behavior is expected of our environment.And only then to consider the scientific criticism of Serbiannationalism in public policy starting from Grashanin’s Memorandum"Načertanije" to the Memorandum of the members of the group fromSerbian Academy of Science and Art in 1986 and conflict thatfollowed the disappearance of the former Yugoslavia in 1992, thanof conflict with NATO forces in 1999, the scientific analysis ofthe legal nature of the “Kumanovo Agreement," and then orderthe critique of public policy after the political changes ofOctober 5th, 2000. There are three key moments of security systemweakness: 1) the release from detention of members of the "ZemunClan" and mutiny of the Unit for Special Operations (JSO) withoutarmed response of the state, 2) the murder of Prime MinisterZoran Djindjic and a proclaimed State of Emergency and 3) onlypartially implemented police action "Saber."List of criticism ofpublic policy is not at the end, because after that, there wasfrustration about rapid accession to the EU and to strengthen theextreme right of Serbia to the fifth cause civil war if we commiterrors in Risk Assessment to National Security regarding thedanger threatening from extremism, as it seems happened inNorway.

In seminars devoted to security system reform and to theapplication of DCAF standards and its code of ethics, amounts tothe claim that the military and civilian sector does not haveenough internal arguments for radical reform if the reform in theprofessional sense is not significantly different in accordanceto the methodology of implementation, the technological changesin a profession. We need reform that by the level of knowledgeand wisdom should be exhibited much higher. Some scientificresearch on alternative development strategies of professional advocacyand advocacy for reforms itself can serve as an example of propertowards Europe.”

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professional approach to reform through a creative blend of the old andthe new professionalism.27 Awareness of the need of changing one-self,if you're successful, letting alone a profession as the mainmotivating factor.

Therefore, we must proceed from self-awareness. But how to getgenuine political will of the people, when the political will isconstantly falsified by the influence of powerful media, whichare said to be under the control of the intelligence services,deliberately say so, because we does not know that and is notscientifically established on facts ? There are only empiricaldata on the selfish and reckless conduct of Serbian tycoons whoown these media, as mismatched as Serbian dukes from the FirstSerbian Uprising in 1804. It is not a simple reminder andsimplified symmetry historically and fundamentally differentsituation. In the circumstances, as used in ancient times to thecobbles on the information highway big Internet, as the rollingelements for us now broken into pieces and shared collectiveconsciousness, split personality some politicians, even severecases solved by political autism, according to some estimates.Their behavior builds reactions of influential members of theinternational community who tries to find the least painful wayto resolve conflicts in the territory of the Balkans. Thecontents of blogs where people comment on public policy isempirically the reference: One blogger as Quique ex populo (ofcourse, so to speak by people, but because blogs are writtenintelligence!) suggest that it is important that the citizens ofSerbian nationality, and the Serbs, above all, stay safe in theirdaily lives in the places where they live, whatever the politicalregime and state problems. On the other hand, it should always beborne in mind that the perspective of solving the state problemsuch as Kosovo and Metohija "depend on complex international

27 A new Advocacy Strategies of Professional Value of the Security Services is needed (Comment of the authors);

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geopolitical relations ... and it's designed to stay much longerNATO than they want to Albanians."28

Previous self-knowledge and self-awareness is a key elementof every national and global security system. Globally, therevisionist schools of history strive to provide better and moreaccurate picture of the past of the world, 29 and vice versa, tothe instrumentation and obscure, relativism or put down thehistoric responsibility tot certain states for violation ofglobal security. For example, in our field appeared a translationof the book “The Myth of the Holocaust" by Jürgen Graf, who in avery primitive way diminishes the responsibility of the Nazi WarCrimes committed on Jews30 and contains a unique satanic approachto the history of Western Civilization and Culture.31 The mediapaid attention to prohibit publication follows the template thatthe condemnation denial of Holocaust as the "cornerstone" of theworld and European deflection of war crimes, but failed topublicly condemn the crime in the announcement. It is hoped that thepersons twisted in the printing of this publication will bepublicly announced that they are under surveillance, so that we areall the other citizens, we were assured that this is done for oursafety in the future! This is dangerous play with a translator andinterpreter issues (who even gave a press statement appealing tobe protected from prosecution as a privately funded edition oftranslations which is normally printed abroad) is part of faremore serious dispute between the European and Russianhistoriography about the cause of another World War II.32 Statesare trying to fight against changing history, and the influence

28 Simeunović Dragan, “The Battle of Kosovo and Metohija - the history, currentsituation and perspectives, military action,” Militarz Review, Belgrade ,2000, vol.52, no. 1, p. 16-3929 Todor Kuljić "Remembering Titoism: long shadows of the past", “Politika daily”,Belgrade, Feulleton from a broader unpublished studies,30 Jürgen Graf, "The myth of the Holocaust", Belgrade, "Zuhra", 2010, self-edition, 500copies, Prohibited publication by the decision of the Higher Court in Belgrade,31 Jirgen Graf, "The myth of the Holocaust",, Chapter “Ness’ Shirt”

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to change the course of history,33and this should be truth inSerbia.

However, in Serbia there is revisionist historiography justenough to appreciate this, since it is ignored: by months (booksrelease of an authors convicted of organized criminal and warcrimes) by years (conflict with NATO in 1999), by decades(People’s Liberation Struggle in the WW2 (NOB) and socialistrevolution and Chetnik movement 1941 - 1945) and by centuries(the migrations of Serbian people in the Ottoman empire and thenthe former Serbian, but now declared as the Bosnian Diaspora inTurkey), all of which prevents a better understanding of thepast, and thus tracing the movement towards the future.

We agree with authors who think we ought to be concernedabout the claim that there are apparently so called "Ethno-Nationalist Identity Projects" in Serbia which are said to havefocused on symbolic (re) affirmation and "recycling" of militantnationalist safety culture in social life and in the media duringthe transition process, as it apparently does, and the TV filmseries "My cousin from the countryside."34 There the plot is

32 Russian President Medvedev's decree establishing the Special Committee for thePrevention of trying to falsify history to the detriment of Russia.33 After the events of September 11 in 2001 when happened the terrorist attacks in theUnited States, has been said that the world is not the same. The reaction of the worldwas the adoption of the Resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations no.1373 September in 2001. State and Government Organizations and Institutions as well asrelevant International Organizations such as the UN, OSCE, NATO and others establishedthe forum for the coordination and facilitation of joint actions in the fight againstglobal terrorism.34 Tijana Cvjetićanin, "Whose Cousin is "The Cousin from the Country"? Ideological reada media text", Center for Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Studies, Master Program :Gender Studies (2008/2010) , University of Sarajevo, Bulletin of the EthnographicInstitute SASA , 2010, vol . 58, no. 1, p. 57-68, "…suggested that the "Anti-PeoplePro-Western Forces," after a change of Government, tried to set up the EuropeanIntegration Process and that the main cause of the suffering of the main character, anintelligence officer that suddenly appeared in one Shumadia’s village. Observed aretwo Negative Symbolic Approach to the transformation of our society into a democraticsociety with strong civil elements: the first in the social life of rural families,and than with all others in the field of Civil-Military Relations (CMR) all about themain character."

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related to the beginning of the transition process in Serbia to astable democratic society, and that the conflict with NATO andthe political changes after October 5th 2000. 35 If this is takenseriously in the research, it can lead to the concluded that theassessed risk to society as said in that TV film series suggeststhat a major source of insecurity assumed dominance of pro-European civil and political options, not an Ethno nationalistright-wing political parties that were advocated and defended asa ruling (from an actors in the role of the military personnel inthe film). The question is why not at least insist on theequality of the above mentioned policy options in the society?Lack of balancing democracy is obvious and in reality and in fictionart.

BALANCING DEMOCRACY

In addition to the symbolic and institutional capacitybuilding of the security system, as the first main reformproceedings, with a second course consisting of number of relatedissues of symbolic reform, there is a third, dynamic andcontemporary public policy most accessible set of activities tobalance the official (military) and civilian sectors in Serbiansociety. It must be recognized that "true democracy still doesnot work in practice, however, as the security situation and theprocess is under the jurisdiction of the state and itsgovernment, which themselves are the product of democratic

35 Tijana Cvjetićanin , "Whose Cousin is "The Cousin from the Country"? Ideologicalread a media text": "Nationalist chants were turned to “clean" the Symbolic Space,spinning inside the simulacrum whose main Symbolic Activity - simultaneously calmingand inciting "National Pride." Ethno- Nationalist autistic matrix repeats this cycleby talking to herself and the dropdown itself in the pursuit of "internal enemiesdesire": sensational stories (reviled soon as inaccurate) about the alleged request bythe Chief Hague Prosecutor to a series to be banned because it promotes Anti - Haguevalues given by this identification a new momentum. Due to the inertia ... purecirculation but played no national story, and Local National Media Service becamegreat refuge of hope, a hub of all Serbian illusions. (Savić, 2004: 7) http://www.glasjavnosti.rs / article / week / glasjav nosti-26-04-2009/azdaha is disgusting forgery.

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elections."36 Now the elected politicians, commanding to theexecutive, are to promote the process of democratization andcivilizing society. This simple fact indicates the dominance ofthe military sector in relation to the civil society sector, soit is necessary to balance the system of a democratic politicalsystem in favor of civil society.

The European Union is trying to act in balancing democracyas their own, and in countries in transition and in turningprocesses of changing the history of the Balkan countries,however, "despite the pronounced political tool handled the past,there are tensions, conflicts and competition between globalpolicy and local memories EU memories of Western and EasternEurope."37 The term globalization has been replaced by theconcept of glocalization. G-local means localization of globaltrends and standards in the local national to local and nationalintegration in the global. This process essentially covers anarea in which to measure public or general interest thatdetermines the path of reform of the security system.

Glocalization in the areas of preservation of nationalidentity imposes bordering of national symbols, including thehistoriography involved in changes in historical memory in termsof overcoming the boundaries between existing national, regionaland continental patterns of memories and their translation intothe global memory of which depends on the correctness and wisdom36 Gaćinović, Radoslav, “Democracy and Security in the national state,“ SerbianPolitical Thought , no. 1/2010 . year. 17, vol. 27, p. 151-168;

37 Kuljić, Todor, "Nationalism and glorious past," "Today daily," 2011, series ofarticles, "The memory of Titoism", "Politika daily", 2011, Feuilleton from unpublishedstudies from the broader "Remembering Titoism: long shadows of the past": "Thecountries affected by the transition far more defending national than socialist past.Thus by that they have encouraging the nationalist resistance to the processes ofglobalization, mutual interaction and hybridization affects to the image of the past."http://www.danas.rs/danasrs/feljton/procesi_globalizacije_uticu_i_na_slike_proslosti.24.html?news_id=204619;

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of world politics. If we start from the premise that the publicinterest for the protection of the fundamental values of oursociety should be compatible with regional, continental andglobal interest, so that it can indicate that the risk factorsfor national security should be classified within a well-articulated and defined public interest. The most dangerous to oursecurity compatibility with the region of South East Europe, theEuropean Union and the World is emphasizing the nationalsentiments of belonging to a particular nation, over the feelingof belonging to a certain social stratum of the population andonly a partial rejection of the authoritarian socialist system ofgovernment, so as to retain authoritarian party rule and theentire socialist social policy rejected (as opposite to Sweden,Norway and Finland, where the reverse situation).

There are other alternative approaches to Symbolic Global IntelligenceCommunity Reform and to the expansion of the security system, andthat is the privilege of the great powers, or for "external use"of those powers.38 It is the approach that denies globalizationor globalization is equated with violent Islam and converted toextreme Catholicism, neo-communism, neo-colonialism, occupationor any other form of ideological or factual subjugation. Theemergence of globalization thesis that it has harmful effects ofthe natural expression of the search for serenity and happiness,politically-driven options. If superficially touch upon topicsthat would have the basis for understanding the world as it isnot vitally connected to the way it is for now empiricallyproven, and analyzes the key positions of "anonymous authors" that38 Group Anonymous autorra Project, Russia , messages from the past - lessons for thefuture , - the three books Translator: Radoslav , Boskovic , Editor: NenadDjordjevic ; Original title : Rossi Project , Academy for Diplomacy and Security ,Public Official Gazette , Beogrd , 2009 , ISBN : 978-86-87545-04-5 three of " ProjectRussia " published by the Academy of Diplomacy and Security , 2005th year. "... Whatis a utopia ? Political intrigue in the lobby of the parliamentary and presidentialelections? Or prepare citizens for a new type of government in Russia ? Judge foryourself ... "http://www.vidovdan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16614:projekat-rusija-ii-ta-nas-eka-posle-predsednikih-izbora-2012-godine&catid=41:svet&Itemid=68

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might come from the intelligence and security communities andcertain circles held by the academic community, we can noticethat according to this concept the ethical basis for thestandardization of human behavior generally, alternatively soughtin religion, so in this case refers to some kind of the "OrthodoxChurch Way" (our comment),39 as a global solution. However, whenwe look at the author's vision on how to achieve such a project,unfortunately, there is no word on the management of knowledge,but rather on a "human resources," nor on the knowledgediplomacy, but rather a kind of (enlightened) absolutism. Someauthors who were directly involved in the implementation of theconcept of security system of the former Yugoslavia in counteringattacks of NATO advocate of not changing the symbol of resistanceand opposition to the matrix of external aggression and othertypes of threats to the security of the Republic of Serbia,describing then applied propaganda techniques, tactics andmethods to NATO as enslaving and claim their counter-measures tobe successful. 40 The revolutionary defense doctrine in China hasalso considered similar concept that is based on the resistanceto external influences, so that the observed similarities interms of engagement "The Staff: ...a millions of successors ofproletarian revolution," but this kind of security systems canonly imagined only by the great powers.

CONCLUSION APPENDIX IN FAVOUR OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE SECURITYSYSTEM OF THE PRESENT SECURITY-INTELLIGENCE STATE INTO THE SYSTEM

OF DEMOCRATIC STATE

39 Project Russia , too , the second book , in the " Output ", p . 68;

40 Goran Matić,“U milosti anđela”, Mediagraf, Beograd, 2005, Leksikon propagande, str.329, Goran Matic, "The angel of mercy," MEDIAGRAF, Belgrade, 2005, Lexicon ofpropaganda, p. 329;

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The shift from time intelligence and security state as anauthoritarian model to model according to the times of democracywith a strong influence of civil institutions (we would say the"red shift" exactly substantial for society as it is in theastronomy wthin the changes in the light spectrum due to theinflunence of the speed of moving the galaxies) is the key factorin increasing the capacity of the security system and it is basedon the assumption that in established democracies thistransformation process usually already enabled so that there arecontrolled domestic security agency, such as the Federal Bureauof Investigation (FBI) in the United States or, for example, thesecurity services in the UK (MI5) performing some cunter-intelligence work. That was not the case in authoritarianregimes. A feature of theat security system is that theboundaries and functions of security agencies and policeorganizations overlapped or did not differ much from each other.

Typical authoritarian regimes have relied upon organizationsthat are mainly engaged in the identification of domesticopponents/enemies (category "internal enemies" ) and neutralizingthe opponents of their government, and in many ways affixed mediaunder control and created, if not the desired level of security,then the state of apathy in the society. In authoritarianregimes, the treats were in most cases, organized by the securityservices. It is because of the heavy reliance the governing onthese organizations and their staffs, security apparatus grew insize and power, with the result that it is often a self-contained, independent and even within authoritarian regimesthemselves. In these countries, the role of security agencies wasto protect state secrets from external threats, meaning fromanyone who was outside the center of political power. And sinceit is in these conditions, almost all of those out of the centerof power, could be defined as a state secret enemies and must becontrolled, and so the scope of what had to be brought undercontrol was huge. Although in most cases the security services

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rhetorically linking the internal opponents of the regime toalleged foreign enemies, and it is beyond doubt that the focus oftheir work - the focus of security agencies in most authoritarianregimes was domestic opposition, not opposition to or defense ofother countries.

Deviations in the distribution of power are consisted of thefacts that these security agencies functionally operated morelike a "political police" / domestic intelligence institutions.Over time, they gained greater autonomy from politics and becomeisolated from any type of testing. They gathered politicalinfluence and inevitably gather intelligence about the hugenumber of people, including legislators and the judiciary (ifthey existed as an independent power in the system of separationof powers), although many information were usually not associatedwith a particular criminal offenses. It is suggested that ascientific analysis of the research, carried out in countriessuch as Argentina, Brazil, Romania, South Africa, Taiwan. Inthese cases, authoritarian security agencies were created whatsome authors call an independent security system of the state as anextreme form of security intelligence organization that ischaracterized by the absence of any external control of intelligenceactivities.

If the elected government does not control the intelligenceservices, it is by definition not a consolidated democracy. Wethink it's important because democratic consolidation requiresthe institutions and culture of democracy. Central place in thethe security culture has the legitimacy. It is clear that if thegovernment does not monitor and control services, although theoccasional "blackmail," it is likely that if not preciselycertain intelligence activities, then thus the legitimacy of thegovernment has to be limited. We believe that the confidence ofthe citizens in the institutions of democracy will never beachieved if the question posed to this fundamental rule is

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resolved. With intelligence backward behind the authoritarianregimes that were in fact government oversight, the trust cannever be realized. Democratic consolidation is a major challenge,and in the best of circumstances, let alone after the politicalcollapse of a security system. Transition in many countriesmonitor the social and economic disadvantage, especially one thatis as critical, characterized by the political regimes of NorthAfrica, is the lack of legitimacy of the government. It’s one ofthe obstacles to such a transition occurs that is impossibleobstacle to overcome , because the the most stable democracies"overwhelming control Intelligence Community in the executivebranches of the government," and we would add : it is impossible,but just without thinking and scientific research.

The effectiveness of security - Intelligence Community in societies intransitionshould be in accordance with the efficiency that is achieved atthe level of the international intelligence community. Itshypothesis that almost everywhere in democracies "that have beenestablished to a greater extent," there is a separation intreatment between different organizations within theinternational community. Coordination of these agencies is amajor challenge to democracy in ensuring the effectiveness oftheir intelligence communities (IC). Of course, the problems arethe obstacles to coordination among agencies. Such barriers aredue to bureaucratic obstacles in normal inter-departmentalcooperation, such as greens and protect and fight for resources.In the specific context of the concept of the intelligencecommunity - IC, these obstacles have tremendously magnified andmultiplied its unique characteristics, all of which stem from theneed to work in secret, leading to concerns in providing itsproducts to other organizations that could not be kept secret. Anadditional factor is the competition among organizations for saleto product information the users, which is ultimately thecompetence of policy-makers.

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Its hypothesis is that in societies in transition, thisresearch can be used to change of goals and capacity of the wholesystem of security in case of new democracies as part of theoverall process of democratic consolidation. So it is even withinthe increased emphasis on efficiency in more establisheddemocracies (US, UK, etc.). And among them is still a problemwith the democratic, civilian control. We must continue to bearin mind repeating that it's just inherent in the nature ofintelligence as a process and as an organization, and that theserelationships are still troubled. However, it is democracy as asystem of government based on the responsibility of governmentsto manage. On one hand the requirements of transparency, on theother hand, the system of security and confidentiality of theservice requests. There is constant tension and dilemma in thedesign and management of security and intelligence community -IC, which is reflected in the democratic civilian control andeffectiveness. Knowledge of how to deal with this dilemma remainsthe biggest challenge in new democracies in the field of securitysystems. It remains unanswered the same institutional question:who will send a message to the Government?

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Mr. Zoran Milosavljevc

Mr. Jovan Krstic

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH TO THE CAPACITY OF THESECURITY SYSTEM - SYBOLIC PROFILING

Summary

The Symbolic Approach to Security System Reform (SSR Symbolic PolicyCapacity Building) is a set of ideas and concepts that sends aclear message to the environment that Serbian broke withauthoritarian regimes and their corresponding safety systems ofthe past. As an illustration of the epochal meaning of thisapproach can be used laborious and based on the latest events,largely incomplete, reform the security services in Pakistan.Оone of the tasks of social science is making a global assessmenton the situation of Human Security. The United Nations has toaddress it, but to our national need a serious reconsideration ofCommon Values (the general safety values to be protected) andPublic Interest (so-called policy of persecution in order to meet inthis area). Why? Because the interest of the citizens isgenerally neglected by the bureaucracy by prioritizing theinterests of various collectives from the state itself to theinterest groups, political parties across the country (that samebureaucracy) Concept of the Economic Security is weak (althoughthe most important, including freedom of the market, environmentprotection, protection of consumers etc.) because we have nolong-term Development Strategy, which would be the basis of goodSecurity Culture. If we consistently consider a system andsecurity as such, we note that something missing in the list ofprotected property, as priorities, lack of protection of certainhuman rights in the corpus iuris of Human Rights (specifically theright to equal access of citizens to private property and private

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enterprise, but not that specially - to the tycoons). But if youbelieve in such a generally accepted definition of protectedresources, and just think of the national economy and finance,from which we can conclude that certain political parties who,when they were in power, made decisions that were detrimental tonational security with impunity.

Key words: Symbolic Approach to Reforms, Institutional Approach, BalancingDemocracy, Security State, Democratic State

Зoрaн Mилoсaвљeвић, Институт зa Пoлитичкe студиje, БeoгрaдJoвaн Крстић,Виши саветник у Републичком јавном тужилаштву

TЕОРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТИ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА КAПAЦИTETA СИСTEMA БEЗБEДНOСTИ -СИМБОЛИЧКО ПРОФАЈЛИРАЊЕ

Сaжeтaк

Симболички приступ реформама (изградње капацитета политикeбезбедности) је скуп идеја и концепата који шаљу јасну поруку да је српскодруштво прекинуло са ауторитарним режимима и њиховим одговарајућимсигурносним системима из прошлости. Као илустрација епохалног значењаовог приступа могу се користити напорне, а на основу најновијих догађаја, увеликој мери и непотпуне, реформе безбедносних служби у Пакистану. Један одзадатака друштвених наука чини израда глобалнне процене о стању људске

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безбедности. Уједињене нације се тиме озбиљно баве, али наше националнеслужбе треба озбиљно да преиспитају заједничке вредности (опште сигурносневредности да буду заштићене) и јавни интерес (тзв. политику прогона у циљузадовољења у овој области). Зашто? Због тога што се интереси грађанагенерално занемарује од стране бирократије која даје приоритет интересимаразних колектива и саме државе, па до интереса група (најчешће се под тимподразумевају политичке партије). Концепт економске сигурности је слаб (маданајважнији: укључујући слободу тржишта, заштиту животне средине,заштиту потрошача и сл), јер ми немамо дугорочне стратегије развоја, штоби било основа добре безбедности у читавом друштву (друштвена кохезија).Законодавству недостају норме стандардизације са еколошким ограничењима(уместо утилитаристичких норми које омогућавају тајкунима неконтролисановађење песка из река, минералних сировина, лов дивљих птица, итд). Али акоприхватимо општеприхваћену дефиницију екологије у функцији заштитересурса, и ако само помислимо на националну привреду и финансијскиприраштај, за које можемо закључити да су одређене политичке партије које субиле у власти, одлучивале на штету националнe безбедности без санкција.

Кључне речи: симболички приступ, институционални приступ,балансирање демократије, безбедносна држава, демократска држава

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