THEO 5958 中國基督教專題研究 I 當代中國的政教教關係(中華人民共和國) Special Topics on Christianity in China I: State-Church Relations in the PRC 香港中文大學研究院 神學學部 2020 – 2021 上學期 ___________________________________________________________________________ 講師:邢福增教授([email protected]) 辦公室:KKB 309 電話:3943-6747 上課時間:星期六 0930-1215 上課地點:ZOOM 課程簡介 宗教乃人類社會生活及制度的重要環節,其發展深受政治、社會、經濟狀況的影 響。中華人民共和國成立以還,政治更是制約宗教發展的重要因素。本課程就政 教關係的脈絡探討 1949 年迄今中國宗教政策與法規的發展,並討論基督新教在毛 澤東時代、鄧小平時代、鄧後時期及習近平新時代的發展空間及制約。 學習成果 1. 掌握新中國成立迄今黨國宗教政策的演變 a. 對政策文本的批判研讀 b. 對政教議題個案的批判思考 2. 認識基督新教在當前中國的發展空間 a. 認知整體政教關係 b. 對基督新宗的政教處境有較深入的掌握 3. 認識中國宗教自由的現況及限制 a. 作為普世價值的宗教自由 b. 作為中國特色的宗教信仰自由 基本教科書 1. Kindopp, Jason & Carol Lee, Hamrin,. God and Caesar in China: Policy Implications of Church-State Tensions. Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. [Electronic resource available] 2. Yang, Fenggang. Religion in China: Survival and Revival Under Communist Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. [Electronic resource available] 3. 邢福增:《當代中國政教關係》(香港:建道神學院,1999,2005二版)。 4. 邢福增:《新酒與舊皮袋──中國宗教立法與〈宗教事務條例解讀〉》(香港: 中文大學崇基學院宗教與中國社會研究中心,2006 )。[Electronic resource available] 5. 邢福增:《新時代中國宗教秩序與基督教》(香港:德慧文化,2019)。
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THEO 5958 中國基督教專題研究 I 當代中國的政教教關係(中華人民共和國)
Special Topics on Christianity in China I: State-Church Relations in the PRC
1. 掌握新中國成立迄今黨國宗教政策的演變 a. 對政策文本的批判研讀 b. 對政教議題個案的批判思考
2. 認識基督新教在當前中國的發展空間 a. 認知整體政教關係 b. 對基督新宗的政教處境有較深入的掌握
3. 認識中國宗教自由的現況及限制 a. 作為普世價值的宗教自由 b. 作為中國特色的宗教信仰自由
基本教科書
1. Kindopp, Jason & Carol Lee, Hamrin,. God and Caesar in China: Policy Implications of Church-State Tensions. Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. [Electronic resource available]
2. Yang, Fenggang. Religion in China: Survival and Revival Under Communist Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. [Electronic resource available]
4 月),參 http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1626514/1626514.htm。 3. U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, Annual Report of the United
States Commission on International Religious Freedom: China, 2002-2020, http://www.uscirf.gov/countries/china。
4. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 18, http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx。
5. Spiegel, Mickey, “China: Religion in the Service of the State: Statement to the U. S. Commission on International Religious Freedom,” (March 2000),
https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/03/16/china-religion-service-state。 6. Ramet, Sabrina P. “Sacred Values and the Tapestry of Power: An Introduction.” In
Render Unto Caesar: The Religious Sphere in World Politics. Washington, D.C.: The American University Press, 1995.
5. Ying, Fuk-tsang. “The CPC’s Policy on Protestant Christianity, 1949-1957: An Overview and Assessment.” in Journal of Contemporary China 23:89 (Sept. 2014), 884-901. [Electronic resource available]
年 3 期。 8. Ramet, Sabrina P. “Adaptation and Transformation of Religious Policy in
Communist & Post Communist Systems.” In Adaptation & Transformation of Religion in Communist & Post-Communist Systems. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992, 141-183.*
《道風:基督教文化評論》,期 44(2016 年春),頁 25 至 61。 5. “Special Issue: The Cross of Chinese Christians and Their Resistance to
Suppression.” in Review of Religion and Chinese Society (Boston: Brill) 5:1 (2018). [http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/22143955-00501001]
1. Chan, Kim-kwong. “China’s Socioeconomic Changes and the Implications for the Religion-State Dynamic in China.” in Brigham Young University Law Review (2004: 2): 325-356.
2. Chan, Kim-kwong. “Religion in China in the Twenty-first Century: Some Scenarios.” in Religion, State & Society, 33:2 (June 2005): 87-119.
3. Yang, Fenggang. “The Red, Black, and Grey Markets of Religion in China.” in Sociological Quarterly 47 (2006): 93-122.
a) 選擇與本課程相關研究專題一本,撰寫不超過讀 3000 字的閱讀報告 b) 內容簡介 [10%]:不用對全本書作撮寫,將有關史著作一概括介紹 c) 組織及分析 [10%]:整理及分析史著的研究問題、研究進路及結論 d) 評論 [10%]:對作者立論及觀點的評論 e) 註釋及參考書目 [5%]:格式及相關著作的參考 f) 死線:2020 年 10 月 31 日
Assessment Rubric for Book Report Excellent
100%-90% Good 89%-75%
Fair 74%-50%
Poor 49%-0%
Summary (5%)
The author provides a detailed summary that shares the main idea of the book. The summary is informative.
The author provides a summary that shares the main idea of the book. The summary is informative.
The author provides a partial summary that shares some of the main ideas of the book. The summary is limited.
The author provides no clear summary of the book. The summary is incomplete or missing.
Organization (10%) The author has organized the review into detailed paragraphs. It is easy to follow the author’s ideas because they flow nicely together.
The author has organized the review into paragraphs. It is easy to follow the author’s ideas.
The author has attempted to organize the review into paragraphs. It is somewhat difficult to follow the author’s ideas.
The author did not organize the review into paragraphs. It is difficult to follow the author’s ideas.
Opinion/Critique (10%)
The author shares his/her personal opinion of the book, commenting on the book’s strengths and weaknesses. The author provides many specific examples from the book to support his/her opinion.
The author shares his/her personal opinion of the book, commenting on the book’s strengths and weaknesses. The author provides examples from the book to support his/her opinion.
The author briefly shares his/her personal opinion of the book. The author provides limited examples from the book to support his/her opinion.
The author does not share his/her personal opinion of the book. The author does not include examples from the book to support his/her opinion.
Format of citations and reference (5%)
High accurate Accurate Not quite accurate, with some omissions
Inaccurate, with substantial omissions
6
(2)個案報告(65%)
1. 藉個案研究,分析政教關係 2. 要求及內容:
a) 選擇 80 年代迄今中國大陸的個案,探討其中涉及的政教關係,並作評論。字
數不超過 5000 字 b) 個案說明[15%]:相關個案介紹及其重要 c) 研究問題及進路[10%]:清楚界定研究問題及方法 d) 全文組織[15%]及分析[15%]:整理及分析資料,立論 e) 註釋及參考書目 [10%]:格式及相關著作的參考 f) 死線:2020 年 12 月 21 日
Assessment Rubric for Case study Report Excellent
100%-90% Good 89%-75%
Fair 74%-50%
Poor 49%-0%
Introduction and background (15%)
Very Clear
Clear Quite clear Barely clear
Research Questions and Methods/ Approaches (10%)
Thesis is clear and well developed. The thesis dentifies the question and evaluates the relevance of the issue addressed in the report prompt.
Thesis is partially developed, but only superficially addresses the significance of the issue in the report prompt.
Thesis is underdeveloped and does not directly address the significance or relevance of the report prompt.
Thesis merely paraphrases the report prompt or report has no thesis.
Organization (15%) The author has organized the review into detailed paragraphs. It is easy to follow the author’s ideas because they flow nicely together.
The author has organized the review into paragraphs. It is easy to follow the author’s ideas.
The author has attempted to organize the review into paragraphs. It is somewhat difficult to follow the author’s ideas.
The author did not organize the review into paragraphs. It is difficult to follow the author’s ideas.
Opinion/ Critique(15%)
Demonstrates a sophisticated understanding and careful, critical analysis of the research topic and thesis (argument).
Demonstrates an understanding and some critical analysis of the research topic and thesis (argument).
Demonstrates general understanding with limited critical analysis of the research topic and thesis (argument).
Demonstrates a lack of understanding and inadequate analysis of the research topic and thesis. Analysis is superficial based on opinions and preferences rather than critical analysis.
Format of citations and reference (10%)
High accurate Accurate Not quite accurate, with some omissions
Inaccurate, with substantial omissions
7
Grade Descriptor: A Outstanding performance on all learning outcomes. A- Generally outstanding performance on all (or almost all) learning outcomes. B Substantial performance on all learning outcomes, OR high performance on some learning
outcomes which compensates for less satisfactory performance on others, resulting in overall substantial performance.
C Satisfactory performance on the majority of learning outcomes, possibly with a few weaknesses.
D Barely satisfactory performance on a number of learning outcomes F Unsatisfactory performance on a number of learning outcomes, OR failure to meet specified
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2005年1期。 葉小文:〈社會主義的宗教論〉,《紅旗文稿》,2003年1月。 葉小文:〈社會主義與宗教的歷史新編〉,《中國宗教》,2002年1期。 葉小文:〈與時俱進話宗教〉,《中國宗教》,2001年6期。 蕭志恬:《當代中國宗教問題的思考》(上海:上海社會科學院,1994)。 馮今源:《三元集──馮今源宗教學術論著文選》,上下冊(北京:宗教文化出版社,2002)。 龔學增:《社會主義與宗教》(北京:宗教文化出版社,2003)。 四、宗教工作與宗教政策 Chan, Kim-kwong & Carlson, Eric R. Religious Freedom in China: Policy, Administration, and
Regulation, A Research Handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Institute for the Study of American Religion, Hong Kong: HK Institute for Culture, Commerce and Religion, 2005.
趙匡為:《我國的宗教信自由》(北京:華人出版社,1999)。 龔學增:《宗教問題幹部讀本》(北京:中央黨校出版社,2000)。 朱維群:《民族宗教工作的堅持與探索》)(成都:四川人民,2016)。 五、宗教政策評論與研究 “China: Persecution of a Protestant Sect.” in Human Rights Watch/ Asia Vol. 6, No. 6 (June 1994):
1-22. “Religious Persecution Persists.” in Human Rights Watch/ Asia Vol. 7, No. 16 (Dec. 1995): 1-49. “Special Feature: Religious Reconfigurations in the People’s Republic of China.” China Perspectives
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1989. Maclnnis, Donald E. Religious Policy and Practice in Communist China. New York.: Macmillan Co.,
1972. Marsh, Christopher. Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival.
London: Continuum, 2011. Merle Goldman, “Religion in Post-Mao China,” in Religion & the State: The Struggle for Legitimacy &
Power, ed. Robert J. Myers, The Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, Vol. 483 (Beverly Hills: Sage Pub., 1986).
Sabrina P. Ramet, “Adaptation & Transformation of Religious Policy in Communist & Post-Communist Systems,” in Adaptation & Transformation in Communist & Post-Communist Systems, ed. Sabrina P. Ramet (Boulder, Westview Press, 1992), 141-183.
Yang, Fenggang. “The Red, Black, and Grey Markets of Religion in China.” in Sociological Quarterly 47 (2006): 93-122.
Ying, Fuk-tsang, “Church-State Relations in Contemporary China and the Development of Protestant Christianity.” in China Study Journal (Churches Together in Britain and Ireland) 18:3 (Dec. 2003): 19-48.
Ying, Fuk-tsang, “Mutual Adaptation to Socialism: TSPM and Church-State Relations.” in Concilium: International Review of Theology (London: SCM Press), 2008:2 (June 2008): 1-87. Special Issue: China and Christianity: A New Phase of Encounter?
Ying, Fuk-tsang, “New Wine in Old Wineskins: an Appraisal of Religious Legislation in China and the Regulations on Religious Affairs of 2005.” in Religion, State & Society (UK, Abingdon: Routledge Press) 34:4 (Dec.2006): 347-373.
督教與城市現代性變遷》(香港:香港大學,2013)。 Hunter, Alan & Chan, Kim-kwong. All Under Heaven: Chinese Tradition and Christian Life in the
People’s Republic of China. Kampen: Uitgeversmaatschappij J. H. Kok, 1992. Hunter, Alan & Chan, Kim-kwong. Protestantism in Contemporary China. Cambridge, Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1993. Jones, Francis P. ed. Documents of the Three-Self Movement: Source Materials for the Study of the
Protestant Church in Communist China. New York: National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., 1963.
Lambert, Tony. China’s Christian Millions: The Costly Revival. London: Monarch Books, 1999. Lambert, Tony. The Resurrection of the Chinese Church. Wheaton, Illinois: Harold Shaw Pub., 1996. Liao, Yiwu. God is Red: The Secret Story of How Christianity Survived and Flourished in Communist
China. NY: HarperOne, 2011. 中文版:廖亦武:《上帝是紅色的》(台北:允晨文化,2013)。 Lozada, Eriberto P. Jr. God Aboveground: Catholic Church, Postsocialist State, and Transnational
Process in a Chinese Village. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001. Madsen, Richard. China’s Catholics: Tragedy and Hope in an Emerging Civil Society. Berkeley: Univ.
of California Press, 1998. Myers, James T. Enemies Without Guns: The Catholic Church in the People’s Republic of China. N.Y.:
paragon House, 1991. Special Issue: China and Christianity, eds. by Wilfred, Felix, Tang, Edmond & Evers, Georg.
Concilium 2008:2. Tang, Edmond & Wiest, Jean-Paul ed. The Catholic Church in Modern China: Perspectives.
Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1993. Vala, Carsten T. & O’Brien, Kevin J. “Attraction without Networks: Recruiting Strangers to
Unregistered Protestantism in China.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 12:1 (2007): 79-94.
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12
Yang, Fenggang. “ Lost in the Market, Save at McDonald’s: Conversion to Christianity in Urban China.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 44:4 (2005): 423-441.
1997)。 賴恩融著(Leslie T. Lyall)、王永信譯:《風雨中的教會》(臺灣:中國信徒佈道會,1980)。 賴恩融著(Leslie T. Lyall)、唐華等譯:《萬有主宰》(台北:中國信徒佈道會,1988)。 羅冠宗編:《中國基督教三自愛國運動文選(1950-1992)》(上海:中國基督教三自愛國運動委員
9 月 24 日。 梁潔芬:《中共與梵蒂岡關係(1976-1994)》(新莊:輔仁大學出版社,1995)。 陳方中、江國雄:《中梵外交關係史》(台北:商務印書館,2003)。 陳方中、吳俊德編:《中梵外交關係六十年史料彙編》(新莊:輔仁大學出版社,2002)。 陳聰銘:《中梵外交史:兩岸與教廷關係(1912-1978)(台北:光啟,2016)。 劉金光:《主教任命制的歷史嬗變及其對國際關係的影響》(北京:宗教文化,2017)。 八、其他宗教發展研究 Chau, Adam Yuet. Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China. Stanford,
Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 2006. Chen, Nancy N. Breathing Spaces: Qigong, Psychiatry, and Healing in China. New York: Columbia
Univ. Press, 2003. Dean, Kenneth, Lord of the Three in One: The Spread of a Cult in Southeast China. Princeton, N. J.:
Princeton Univ. Press, 1998. Dean, Kenneth. Taoist Ritual & Popular Cults of South-East China. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ.
Press, 1993. Feuchtwang, Stephan. “Religion as Resistance.” in Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance.
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Republic of China.” China Quarterly 202 (June 2010): 400-420. Palmer, David A. Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China. New York: Columbia University
Press, 2007. Pas, Julian F. ed. The Turning of the Tide: Religion in China Today. Hong Kong: Oxford Univ. Press,
1989. Spiegel, Mickey. Dangerous Meditation: China’s Campaign Against Falungong. New York: Human
Rights Watch, 2002. Yang, Fenggang & Tamney, Joseph B. State, Market, and Religions in Chinese Societies. Leiden Brill,
2007)。 陳紅星、戴晨京編:《「法輪功」與邪教》(北京:宗教文化出版社,1999)。 九、台灣政教關係及宗教政策發展研究 Katz, Paul R. and Murray A. Rubinstein eds. Religion and the Formation of Taiwanese Identities. New
York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Madsen, Richard. Democracy's Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan.
Berkeley : University of California Press, 2007.【趙文詞(Richard Madsen)著,黃維銘譯:《民
主妙法:臺灣的宗教復興與政治發展》(臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心, 2016)。】 Rubinstein, Murray A. The Protestant Community on Modern Taiwan: Mission, Seminary, and Church.
N. Y.: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991. 中央研究院台灣研究推動委員會主編:《威權體制的變遷:解嚴後的台灣》(台北:中研院台灣史
2017)。 瞿海源:《台灣宗教變遷的社會政治分析》(台北:桂冠圖書公司,1997)。 十、政教關係與宗教自由:理論與歷史 Ashiwa, Yoshiko & David L. Wank, Making Religion, Making the State: The Politics of Religion in
Modern China (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford university Press, 2009). Chau, Adam Yuet. Religion in Contemporary China: Revitalization and Innovation. New York, NY:
Routledge, 2011. Church & State: Opening a New Ecumenical Discussion. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1978. Goossaret, Vincent & David A. palmer. The Religious Question in Modern China. Chicago: Univ. of
Chicago Press, 2011. Hansen, Valerie. Changing Gods in Medieval China, 1127-1276. Princeton, N. J. : Princeton Univ.
三聯,1999)。〕 Ramet, Sabrina P. & Tredogold, Donald W. eds. Render Unto Caesar: The Religious Sphere in World
Politics. Washington, D.C.: The American University Press, 1995. Ramet, Sabrina P. Nihil Obsta: Religion, Politics, and Social Change in East-Central Europe & Russia.
Durham & London: Duke University Press, 1998. Ramsay, William M. The Wall of Separation: A Primer on Church & State. Louisville:
Westminster/JKP, 1989. Swomley, John M. Religious Liberty and the Secular State: The Constitutional Context. New York:
文集》(台北:漢學研究中心,1994)。 鄭樑生編:《第二屆中國政教關係學術研討會論文集》(淡水:淡江大學歷史系,1991)。 十一、網站資料 中國研究服務中心:www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk 中共中央統戰部:www.zytzb.org.cn 國家宗教事務局: http://www.sara.gov.cn/ 中國宗教網:http://www.chinareligion.cn/ 中國基督教全國兩會:http://www.ccctspm.org/ 佛教在線:http://www.fjnet.com 中國道教協會:http://www.taoist.org.cn 中國伊斯蘭教協會:http://www.chinaislam.net.cn 普世社會科學研究網: http://www.pacilution.com/ 對華援助協會:http://www.chinaaid.net United States Commission on International Religious Freedom:http://www.uscirf.gov/ 十二、重要期刊 《中國宗教》《天風》《中國天主教》《中國道教》《法音》《中國穋斯林》 《當代宗教研究》《宗教》 《橋》《鼎》China Study Journal 《科學與無神論》