theindo-europeanfamilyoflanguages-101025001749-phpapp02.ppt

8/9/2019 theindo-europeanfamilyoflanguages-101025001749-phpapp02.ppt

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Family of languages It is a group of languages that are related to

one another in terms of (genetic) origin

They share a common ancestor

Features such as lexicon, phonology,

morphology and syntax

It contains several subdivisions called branches


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FAMILI! "F LA#$%A$!

(Africa, urope and Asia)Indo&uropean languages* (urope,

!outh+estto !outh Asia, #orth Asia,#orth America, !outh America, "ceania)

!ino&Tibetan languages-* (ast Asia)

#iger./ongo languages0* (!ub&!aharan Africa)

Afro&Asiatic languages01* (#orth Africato2orn of Africa, !outh+est Asia)

Austronesian languages304* ("ceania,Madagascar, maritime !outheast Asia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages


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FAMILI! "F LA#$%A$!

(Africa, urope and Asia)5ravidian languages607* (!outh Asia)

Altaic languages(controversial

combination of Tur8ic, Mongolic, andTungusic families) 06* (/entral Asia,#orthern Asia, Anatolia, !iberia)9-:

Austro&Asiatic languages -07* (mainland!outheast Asia)

Tai.;adai languages -06* (!outheastAsia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languages


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Indo&uropean familyIt refers to a family of languages +hich by

about -111 bce +ere spo8en over a large partof urope and parts of south+estern andsouthern Asia

/ompared +ith the other -31 to 11 families

of languages in the +orld, the I is smaller

It contains about -1 languages


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Proto- Indo-European

(refers to a family of language spoken over a large part

of europe and parts of southwestern and south asia)

The term is originally geographic refering to

Easternmost (India) Westernmost

(Europe)


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BALTIC SLAVIC TOCHARIAN

INDO-IRANIAN ANATOLIAN

GREEK Proto-Indo-EuropeanCELTIC

ITALIC

GERMANIC

ARMENIAN

ALBANIAN


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roto ! Indo ! European

ANATOLIAN

(was known in a e"cavation in #oga$koy)

%ittite

(does not share a num&er of structural features with the classical IE language)


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roto ! Indo ! European

INDO IRANIAN

Indic ( Indo ! 'ryan) Iranian

Three %istorical periods ld 'vestan ld

ersian

known asld Indic Middle Indic Modern Indic hatic 'vestan

(*+,,-*.,, #/E)(.,, #/E ! *,,, /E) (0ince *,,, /E ) East Iranian WestIranian

The oldest middle Indic one of the largest and

are in alid1 Most heterogenous

of IE su&groups1

arthian 2urdish asht

3ahgno&i

4arsi


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roto-Indo European

GREEK

'lso known as

%ellenic

0outh5East reek 6orth5West

reek'ttic-Ionic 'rcado-/yprian 'eolic

7oric

Mycenaean

The main 7ialect f reek is


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roto-Indo-European

ITALIC

Latin-4aliscan sco-8m&rian

(0a&ellic or 0a&ellian)

0urvives

The

Modern

9omance &est known language 5 Less known

Language

Italian 7almatian

4rench 9haeto19omansh

0panish Ladino

ortuguese 0icilian

/atalan 0ardinian


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roto-Indo-European

GERMANIC

East ermanic 6orth ermanic West

ermanic

ld Icelandic (ld 6orse) itsdescendants icludes

West 6orth ermanic East 6orth ermanicerman

hotic3iddish

(languaghe with the oldest Icelandic 6orwegian 7anish 0wedish7utch

/ontinuous documents in ermanic)

4lemish

4aroese

'frikaans


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roto-Indo-European

CELTIC

/ontinental Insular

/elti&erian aulish oidelic #rittanic

(#rythonic)

The oldest material

4rom the continentalis from si"th century #/E Irish 0cots-aelic man" Welsh

#etron

/ornish

the most ro&ust of

0poken

the modern celtic1

In


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roto-Indo-European

TOCHARIAN

(discovered in archeoligical e"cavations)

Tocharian ' Tocharian #

The documents of the language (religious: commercial)

are from the period of a&out +,,-;,, /E1


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roto-Indo-European

BALTIC

0urvives in two modern language

Lithuanian Latvian(Lettish) ld urssian

( from the early si"teenth) (ro&a&ly data&le to *+


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roto-Indo-European

SLAVIC

0outh 0lavic West 0lavic East0lavic

#ulgarian /$ech

9ussianMacedonian 0lovak

8krainian

0er&ian olish

#elarussian

/roatian 2ashu&ian


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roto-Indo-European

ARMENIAN

(first attested in religious documents)

0hows a great influence from neigh&oring languages

reek 'ra&ic 0yriac ersian

Was first misclassified as a dialect of

I9'6I'6


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roto1Indo-European

ALBANIAN

(uknown until the fifteenth century /E)

0hows a great influence from neigh&oring languages

0ach as

reek 0lavic Turkish Latin

The first document in 'l&anian There are two main

7ialects

is a #aptismal 4ormula1

%E T02


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Hellenic:contains the languages spo8en inthe peloponnese peninsula, li8e Attic&Ionic,Arcado&/yprian and 5oric

Italic: contains the Latin, the creadle of the+estern civili>ation0 The romances languages,

li8e= Italian, French, !panish, ?ortuguese,/atalan, and @umanian


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Germanic:includes nglish and belong to thenorth&+estern part of urope0 Languages li8e=$erman, iddish, 5utch, Flemish, Afri8aans,and nglish

Celtic:divided into continental and insular0

/eltiberian, Lepontic,


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Tocharian:found in archeologicalexcavations in /hinese Tur8estan

Baltic:survives in t+o languages= Lithuanianand Latvian (Lettish)


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Slavic:south slavic ech, !lova8, ?olish,;ashubian and ast !lavic, made up of

@ussian, %8rainian, and


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Albanic:$heg and Tos80 InDuenced by itsneighbours $ree8, !lavic, and Tur8ish, as +ellas Latin0

Fragmentary languages: In addition to the-- maEor subgroups, there are also many

apparently unaliated languages +hichsurvive only in fragments such as glosses andsporadic inscriptions0

spec s o e s ruc ure o


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spec s o e s ruc ure o?roto&Indo&uropean family

of languagesThese aspects are the onesthat allo+ researchers to Cndout similarities in a family oflanguages, these are=

?honology, Morphology and!yntax0

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