Effectiveness of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils in protecting rice stocks from Sitophilus oryzae and Sitotroga cerealella. A. Togola, P.A. Seck, F.E. Nwilene, I.A. Glitho et D. Chougourou
Dec 25, 2014
Effectiveness of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils in protecting rice stocks from Sitophilus oryzae and Sitotroga cerealella.
A. Togola, P.A. Seck, F.E. Nwilene, I.A. Glitho et D. Chougourou
OUTLINEIntroductionMaterial & methodsResultsConclusion
INTRODUCTION Rice production
• Rice is a staple food for millions of people in Africa
• Since 2008 its cropping area and production have increased in West Africa (FAOSTAT, 2011)
• Unlike the pass , rice is more and more stored for seeds, consumption and trade
Storage issues
• Rodents, insects, fungus, abiotic factors, etc.
• Quantitative losses due to insects reach 5% and 30% in 4 and 6 month of storage.
• Qualitative losses : physical, culinary and nutritional
• Economic losses: leading to the decrease in income of the actors of rice sector
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study is:
To develop alternative technologies (to chemical methods) for an effective integrated protection of stored rice against insects pests.
INTRODUCTION
Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae)
Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
MATERIAL & METHODS
Animal material:
Larve Adulte Larve Adulte
7
Plant material: Cymbopogon citratus
(Poaceae)
Essential oil
Eucalyptus camaldulensis(Myrtaceae)
8
• Impregnation of gunny bags (sacs en jute) Eucalyptus camaldulensis
3%, 4%, 5%, untreated check, Check with alcohol alone
Cymbopogon citratus 3%, 4%, 5% , untreated check,
Check with alcohol alone
Alcohol
• Infestation method in impregnated gunny bags
20 20
Paddy rice: 100g
Replication: 4
9
• Treatment of cotton bags (sacs en cretonne)Cymbopogon + cotton bag ( dose : 0.25ml/bag)Eucalyptus + cotton bag ( dose : 0.25ml/bag)Eucalyptus + Cymbopogon + cotton bag Cymbopogon + cotton bag + plastic filmEucalyptus + cotton bag + plastic film Eucalyptus + Cymbopogon + cotton bag + plastic filmCheck with cotton bag + plastic filmCheck with cotton bag alone Rep 4
20 20
Paddy rice: 100g
• Infestation method in cotton bags
10
Data collected at 90 days after treatment:
• Population of emerged adults
• Percentage of weight loss (%)
11
Treatments
Emerged population of
S. oryzae
Emerged population of
S. cerealella
Untreated check 51.0 ± 6.2a 345.7 ± 24,9aCheck with alcohol
alone 48.1 ± 3.4a 329.6 ± 21,5aC. citratus 3 % 51.5 ± 8.4a 113.2 ± 9,0b
C. citratus 4 % 37.2 ± 3.4a 98.5 ± 8,8bC. citratus 5 % 21.2 ± 2.6b 88.7 ± 4,0bE. camaldulensis 3 % 20.2 ± 2.0b 263.7 ± 20,4aE. camaldulensis 4 % 15.2 ± 2.6b 280.0 ± 19,4aE. camaldulensis 5 % 9.5 ± 3.1b 266.5 ± 32,4a
Table 1: Effect of essential oils on Sitophilus oryzae and Sitotroga cerealella population emerged in stored paddy rice inside gunny bags (Sac s en jute)
RESULTS
Figure 1: weight losses recorded 90 days after storage in ganny bags impregnated withCymbopogon citratus
Untreated check
Check with Alcohol
C. citratus 3%
C. citratus 4%
C. citratus 5%
0
2
4
6
8
10 a a
b
cd
Wei
ght l
osse
s of
pad
dy ri
ce (%
)
TraitementsPertes pondéralesEnregistrées (%)
Check with cotton bag alone 8,69b
Check with cotton bag + plastic film 4,78ab
Cymbopogon + cotton bag 3,53ab
Eucalyptus + cotton bag 3,88abEucalyptus + Cymbopogon + cotton bag 4,79abCymbopogon + cotton bag + plastic film 3,14abEucalyptus + cotton bag+ plastic film 3,76ab Eucalyptus + Cymbopogon + cotton bag + PF 1,83a
Table 2: Impact of cotton bags treatment on paddy rice weight losses (Sacs en cretonne).
14
CONCLUSION
The use of the essential oils of C. citratus and E.
camalsulensis appeared to be a promising method
for protecting stored rice against S. cerealella and
S. oryzae. However, the method needs some
improvement in order to make the technology
cheaper for a large access by end users.
Thank you for your kind attention