The Worlds of North and South 1820 - 1860 ●Section 3 ●Cotton Kingdom in the South
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The Worlds of North and South
1820 - 1860●Section 3
●Cotton Kingdom in the South
Essential Questions
●Why did cotton planters begin to move westward?
●How did the cotton gin affect slavery in the South?
●Why did the South have less industry than the North?
Essential Terms
●Define ●Identify
● Eli Whitney
● Cotton Kingdom
● William Gregg
Summary
●Due to the invention of the cotton gin, growing cotton became very profitable.
●As the Cotton Kingdom spread from the Atlantic coast to Texas, so did slavery.
●As planters invested in land and slaves, the South developed an agricultural economy rather than a industrial one.
Introduction
●Even before the period of 1820-1860, cotton production became more and more important in the South
●Southern economy and society revolved around the growing of cotton and the plantation / slave system
●The South grew other crops, but cotton was king.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●Eli Whitney’s invention
●Cotton Kingdom and slavery
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●The Industrial Revolution greatly increased the demand for cotton.
● Textile mills in the North and England needed more and more cotton to be made into cloth
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●1. What problem did Southern planters have?
● 1. Textile mills in the North and in Britain needed more and more raw cotton to make cloth.
● 2. Southern planters could grow plenty of cotton, but removing the seeds by hand was a slow process.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●2. What was the solution to the problem of not being able to clean cotton?
● 1793 – Eli Whitney invented the cotton engine or gin.
● The cotton gin could do the work of 50 people.
● Because of the cotton gin, planters could grow as much cotton as they could and make huge profits.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●Eli Whitney built a machine to clean cotton—the cotton engine, or gin.
●It had rollers with wire teeth that separated the seeds from the fibers.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●1. Cotton bolls, made up of fiber and seeds, are fed into the cotton gin.
●The red arrows show the path of the cotton through the gin.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●2. As the handle is turned, the cylinder and brushes rotate.
●3. Wire teeth catch the cotton bolls and pull them through narrow wire slots.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●4. The seeds are too large to pass through the slots.
● They fall to the bottom of the gin.
●5. Rotating brushes pull cleaned cotton fiber from the wire teeth and sweep it out of the gin.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●One slave using the cotton gin could do the work in one day of 50 slaves working one day cleaning cotton by hand.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●Later cotton gins were powered by steam
●They were built bigger and bigger
●They could clean as much cotton as could be planted
●Southern planters became wealthy
CAUSE AND EFFECT
●The Cotton Gin made growing cotton more profitable because
● It allowed slaves to clean cotton more quickly.
● The Planter could sell more cotton.
● With more cotton, factories could produce more.
● Price of cloth dropped. More people bought cloth
● With factories producing more, demand for cotton grew.
● Planters bought more land and slaves, and grew more cotton.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●3. What was the effect of the cotton gin on the South?
● The cotton gin led to a boom in cotton production.
● Also led to an increased demand for slaves.
●In the 1790’s slavery was beginning to die out in the South, as it had in the North. The cotton gin gave it new life.
Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
●4. Why and how did the Cotton Kingdomspread?
● Cotton plants wore out the soil,
● Planters began to look for fresh land.
● By the 1850s, cotton plantations extended in a wide band from the East Coast westward to Texas.
● This area became known as the Cotton Kingdom.
● As the Cotton Kingdom spread, so did slavery.
Cotton Kingdom
An Agricultural Economy
An Agricultural Economy
●5. What else did the South grow besides cotton?
● (see next few slides)
An Agricultural Economy
●Rice
● Where
● coasts of South Carolina and Georgia
● Effects
● required expensive irrigation and drainage systems
● promoted the plantation system
Rice growing areas
An Agricultural Economy
●Sugar Cane
● Where
● Louisiana and Texas
● Effect
● required expensive irrigation and drainage systems
● promoted the plantation / slavery system
●This is where Napoleon had wanted to grow sugar cane
Sugar cane growing areas
An Agricultural Economy
●Tobacco
● Where
● Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky
● Effect
● Usually grown on small farms
● Labor intensive. Needed slaves
Tobacco growing areas
An Agricultural Economy
●Livestock (cattle, hogs, oxen, horses, mules)
● Areas
● Many different places in the South
● Usually where soil / climate was not good enough for growing crops.
● Effect
● Most American cattle were raised in the South.
Cattle, mules, horses, hogs, oxen raising areas
Limited Industry
Limited Industry
●6. How was the South economically dependent on the North (and Europe)?
● Sold its cotton to Northern factories
● Borrowed money from Northern banks
● Bought tools and machines from the North.
● Bought luxuries from Europe.
Limited Industry
●7. Who was William Gregg and what did he do?
Limited Industry
●One of the few Southern Industrialists
●Built a cotton mill in South Carolina
●Modeled it after the Lowell Mills
●Housing for workers
●Gardens
●Schools
Limited Industry
●8. What were the Treadegar Iron Works
● One of the few Southern factories
● Near Richmond VA
● Made Railroad track
● Made cannons
● But mostly it made tools and equipment for the Agricultural South
Economically Dependent
Economically Dependent
●9. The South lagged behind the North in developing industry because
● Planters invested in land and slaves rather than in factories
● Investing in growing cotton was a sure and fast way to make more money
● Investing in a factory could be risky and could take a long time to get your money back.
The End
Review
Review
●10. Why did cotton planters begin to move westward?
● Soil was worn out from years of planting cotton
● More land to raise cotton and make money.
● Land in Texas was available.
Review
●11. How did the cotton gin affect slavery in the South
● Before the cotton gin, slavery was dying out in the South.
● It was not profitable to have slaves
● After the cotton gin, planters could plant as much cotton as they could, but needed slaves
● The cotton gin increased the need for slaves
Review
●12. Why did the South have less industry than the North?
● The concentrated on agriculture
● It was a quick and easy way to make money
● Factories were expensive to build and could take a long time to make a profit.
Review
●13. IDENTIFY: Eli Whitney● 1793 – A New Englander that invented
the cotton gin
● The cotton gin gave new life to the agricultural South and to slavery
● It could be argued that if the cotton gin had not been invented, slavery would have died out and the Civil War would not have happened.
Review
●14. IDENTIFY: Cotton Kingdom
● A wide area of the deep South of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, where cotton was the main source of making money
● All social, political and economic activity revolved around cotton. It dominated everything.
Cotton Kingdom
Review
●14. IDENTIFY: William Gregg
● Developed on of the few textile mills in the South.
● Modeled it after the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts
The End
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