The World Since 1945 to Present Aim: How has the events since 1945 shaped the world? Do Now: Take a Quiz Mr. Ott @ BETA 2012-13.

The World The World Since 1945 to Since 1945 to

PresentPresentAim: How has the events since 1945 shaped the world?

Do Now: Take a Quiz

Mr. Ott @ BETA 2012-13

An End to European Colonial EmpiresAn End to European Colonial Empires

The postwar decades brought a major turning point in world The postwar decades brought a major turning point in world history.history.

The The colonial empires crumbled.colonial empires crumbled.

The Cold War put strains on American society and the The Cold War put strains on American society and the government.government.

Nationalist movements began in the 1930s in Africa, Asia and Nationalist movements began in the 1930s in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.the Middle East.

After World War II nationalist leaders insisted on After World War II nationalist leaders insisted on independence.independence.

19451945

The The United Nations United Nations was set up at the end of World War II as a was set up at the end of World War II as a forum for settling disputes. UN agencies provide services for forum for settling disputes. UN agencies provide services for millions of people worldwide. The UN has also sponsored millions of people worldwide. The UN has also sponsored global summits, conferences of leaders and experts from global summits, conferences of leaders and experts from around the world. These summits have discussed issues such around the world. These summits have discussed issues such as the environment, women , and population.as the environment, women , and population.

Early ConflictsEarly Conflicts Germany splits Germany splits into 2 countries (East - communist & West Germany into 2 countries (East - communist & West Germany

– democratic)– democratic) Mao Zedong makes China communist Mao Zedong makes China communist and forces the and forces the Cultural Cultural

RevolutionRevolution on the people. on the people. Cold War Cold War – A ideological war between the two world superpowers, – A ideological war between the two world superpowers,

the United States and the Soviet Union (Capitalism vs. Communism, the United States and the Soviet Union (Capitalism vs. Communism, Democracy vs. Totalitarianism) Democracy vs. Totalitarianism)

Berlin Wall Berlin Wall – A wall built by Soviet backed East Germany to keep – A wall built by Soviet backed East Germany to keep people from leaving or entering East Germany. Becomes a symbol people from leaving or entering East Germany. Becomes a symbol of the Cold War of the difference between East & West.of the Cold War of the difference between East & West.

Israel (1947)Israel (1947) is formed out of Palestine territory as a place for is formed out of Palestine territory as a place for displaced Jews from the Holocaust. This will lead to today’s conflict displaced Jews from the Holocaust. This will lead to today’s conflict over the same territory and the state of Israel.over the same territory and the state of Israel.

Korean War (1950-1953) Korean War (1950-1953) – was a Cold War conflict between North – was a Cold War conflict between North (communist) and South (democratic) Korea. Still separated along the (communist) and South (democratic) Korea. Still separated along the 3939thth parallel. A peace treaty was never signed. parallel. A peace treaty was never signed.

Vietnam War (1955-1975)Vietnam War (1955-1975) – was a Cold War conflict between North – was a Cold War conflict between North (communist) & South (democratic) Vietnam eventually leading to a (communist) & South (democratic) Vietnam eventually leading to a communist Vietnamcommunist Vietnam

Other Other OrganizationsOrganizations

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 was General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 was formed to establish fair trade policies for all nations.formed to establish fair trade policies for all nations.

The The World Trade Organization (WTO) World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1995 and was formed in 1995 and its goal was to establish global rules of trade.its goal was to establish global rules of trade.

The The World Bank World Bank and the and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Monetary Fund (IMF) played a large role in the world economy by making loans to played a large role in the world economy by making loans to developing nations.developing nations.

Other types of nongovernmental organizations formed were the Other types of nongovernmental organizations formed were the International Olympic Committee International Olympic Committee and the and the International Red International Red CrossCross..

Global Global IssuesIssues

In 1945, the United States exploded two atomic bombs. Nations In 1945, the United States exploded two atomic bombs. Nations have poured resources into building nuclear weapons. Nuclear have poured resources into building nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons grew from 3 in 1945 to over 50,000 in 1980.weapons grew from 3 in 1945 to over 50,000 in 1980.

In 1968, many nations signed In 1968, many nations signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPTTreaty (NPT) agreeing to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.) agreeing to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.

In 1995, the treaty was renewed but some nations still refused In 1995, the treaty was renewed but some nations still refused to sign. Israel,Pakistan and India refuse to sign the NPT, while to sign. Israel,Pakistan and India refuse to sign the NPT, while N Korea signed it, but gave notice of withdrawal from the treaty N Korea signed it, but gave notice of withdrawal from the treaty on January 10, 2003on January 10, 2003

After the Cold War ended in 1991 with the After the Cold War ended in 1991 with the Fall of the Soviet Fall of the Soviet UnionUnion, many nations kept spending big sums on the military., many nations kept spending big sums on the military.

1960s1960s

The The Green RevolutionGreen Revolution begins, begins, scientists applied scientists applied new technology to increasing food production for new technology to increasing food production for the world’s growing populationthe world’s growing population..

The The Green RevolutionGreen Revolution had limits – it succeeded had limits – it succeeded only in areas with regular moisture and required only in areas with regular moisture and required chemical fertilizers and pesticides and an irrigation chemical fertilizers and pesticides and an irrigation system, which only wealthy farmers could afford.system, which only wealthy farmers could afford.

19911991

The global Cold War ends when the Soviet Union The global Cold War ends when the Soviet Union collapsed. Tensions eased and conflicts were collapsed. Tensions eased and conflicts were resolved. People hoped for peace. resolved. People hoped for peace.

Ethnic Conflicts Ethnic Conflicts – Within many nations, ethnic – Within many nations, ethnic groups have clashed. In some countries conflicts groups have clashed. In some countries conflicts have erupted between rival ethnic and religious have erupted between rival ethnic and religious groupsgroups. (Bosnian War, Palestinian/Israeli, Apartheid . (Bosnian War, Palestinian/Israeli, Apartheid in South Africa, Contras/Sandinistas, Cambodia & in South Africa, Contras/Sandinistas, Cambodia & Pol Pot)Pol Pot)

New Nations Seek New Nations Seek StabilityStability

After winning independence, new nations had high After winning independence, new nations had high hopes for the future.hopes for the future.

People in new nations came from different cultural People in new nations came from different cultural traditions.traditions.

As problems multiplied, the military leaders often As problems multiplied, the military leaders often took control.took control.

Democracy did make some progress in the late Democracy did make some progress in the late 1980s and 1990s.1980s and 1990s.

Africa, Asian and Latin America had been ruled by Africa, Asian and Latin America had been ruled by dictators held multiparty elections. dictators held multiparty elections.

Terrorism & Later ConflictsTerrorism & Later Conflicts TerrorismTerrorism has increased since the 1960s. Terrorism is done by has increased since the 1960s. Terrorism is done by

bombings, kidnappings, airplane hijacks, and shootings.bombings, kidnappings, airplane hijacks, and shootings. Terrorists focus attention on their causes and try to force Terrorists focus attention on their causes and try to force

demands on governments. Middle East terrorism rises demands on governments. Middle East terrorism rises (hijackings in 1970s, Munich 1972 at the Olympics, various (hijackings in 1970s, Munich 1972 at the Olympics, various suicide bombing 1970s to today)suicide bombing 1970s to today)

Gulf War (1990-1991) Gulf War (1990-1991) – Iraq attacked and annexed Kuwait, – Iraq attacked and annexed Kuwait, United States, NATO, Middle East countries respond to expel United States, NATO, Middle East countries respond to expel Iraq from Kuwait. Saddam Hussein remains in power. Iraq from Kuwait. Saddam Hussein remains in power.

War on Terrorism War on Terrorism started on September 11, 2001 with the started on September 11, 2001 with the attack by terrorists of al-Qaeda organized by Osama bin Laden. attack by terrorists of al-Qaeda organized by Osama bin Laden. This would lead to two separate conflicts; This would lead to two separate conflicts; War in Afghanistan War in Afghanistan (directly related to the Attacks of 9/11, and Iraq War (indirectly (directly related to the Attacks of 9/11, and Iraq War (indirectly related) related) – Saddam Hussein is captured, tried, and executed by – Saddam Hussein is captured, tried, and executed by the Iraqi people. Osama bin Laden will be captured and killed the Iraqi people. Osama bin Laden will be captured and killed by US in 2011. by US in 2011.

To combat terrorism, governments have passed tough laws To combat terrorism, governments have passed tough laws and increased watchfulness.and increased watchfulness.

Science & Science & TechnologyTechnology

Since 1945 many things have changed.Since 1945 many things have changed.

ComputersComputers were first built in the 1940s and were huge and slow. With were first built in the 1940s and were huge and slow. With the invention of the silicon chip by 2000 a huge computer network the invention of the silicon chip by 2000 a huge computer network linked businesses, governments and individuals around the world. We linked businesses, governments and individuals around the world. We now can communicate, and buy and sell on line.now can communicate, and buy and sell on line.

Medical BreakthroughsMedical Breakthroughs Scientists developed new antibiotics. Scientists developed new antibiotics. Vaccines wiped out some diseases and prevented the spread of others. Vaccines wiped out some diseases and prevented the spread of others. By 2000, new challenges arose with the spread of deadly diseases By 2000, new challenges arose with the spread of deadly diseases such as AIDS. In the 70s , surgeons learned to transplant organs to such as AIDS. In the 70s , surgeons learned to transplant organs to save lives. Success was also made in save lives. Success was also made in treating some cancers.treating some cancers.

The Space AgeThe Space Age 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik into orbit. In 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik into orbit. In 1969, the United States landed the first man on the moon. Since the 1969, the United States landed the first man on the moon. Since the Cold War, the United States and Russia have cooperated in joint space Cold War, the United States and Russia have cooperated in joint space ventures.ventures.

A New Global A New Global CultureCulture

Modern communications technology has created a “new world”Modern communications technology has created a “new world”

Radio, TV, fax machines, cell phones, satellites, and computer Radio, TV, fax machines, cell phones, satellites, and computer networks have put people in touch and helped create a new networks have put people in touch and helped create a new global world.global world.

The United States is the driving force with fashions, products, The United States is the driving force with fashions, products, and entertainment.and entertainment.

The Arts…in the last 100 years, the western world has gained a The Arts…in the last 100 years, the western world has gained a new appreciation for the arts of other countries.new appreciation for the arts of other countries.

ActivityActivity

Write a paragraph: Explain, Write a paragraph: Explain, Compare, and Evaluate:Compare, and Evaluate: 2 Major Conflicts2 Major Conflicts 2 Major Positive Accomplishments2 Major Positive Accomplishments 2 Major Impacts/Changes since 1945 2 Major Impacts/Changes since 1945

(Can be Positive or Negative)(Can be Positive or Negative)