The World of Islam Chapter 6 -and-the-birth-of-islam.html.

The World of IslamChapter 6http://study.com/academy/lesson/muhammad-and-the-birth-of-islam.html

The Rise of Islam: The Arabs• The Arabian Peninsula is a

desert land.

• Early Arabs were nomads

• They were organized into tribes to help one another.

• The ruler of the tribe was called a sheikh.

• The sheikh was chosen by a council of elders.

• They lived as farmers and sheepherders.

• Once camels were domesticated they began to populate the desert areas.

• They also made a living by raiding trading caravans that passed through the desert.

• Arabs later participating in caravan trading themselves.

• Makkah (Mecca) to present day Yemen and then by ship across the Indian Ocean.

• Tensions arose as merchants showed less concern for the welfare of the poor and slaves.

Religion• Polytheistic

• Recognized a supreme god named Allah, but they also believed in other tribal gods.

• Abraham and Ishmael

• They believed they built a house of worship called Kaab at Makkah (Mecca) called the Black Stone and the reverend it because of its association with Abraham.

The Life of Muhammad• Born in Makkah in 570 AD

• Married a rich widow named Khadija

• Caravan manger

• Concerned with the greediness of the wealthy.

• Went to the hills to meditate.

• Muslims believe, Muhammad received revelations from God given by the Angel Gabriel.

• Believed the final revelations of Allah were being given to him.

• These revelations were written down in the Quran, the holy scriptures of Islam.

• People that practice Islam is called Muslims.

• Muslims believed that there is only one God, Allah, and that Muhammad is his prophet.

• Most of the people of Makkah did not accept his message.

• Muhammad and his followers moved to Yathrib (Madinah).

• This journey was known as the Hijrah. It marked year 1 of the Islam calendar.

• Muhammad became both a religious and political leader.

• Returned to Makkah in 630 with ten thousand men, the city surrendered and most of the people converted to Islam.

The Teachings of Muhammad• Islam is monotheistic

• Believed Allah is the only God, who created the universe and everything in it.

• Islam offers the hope of an afterlife

• Muhammad was considered to be a prophet

The Five Pillars of Islam• Islam stresses the need to obey the will of Allah including the

five pillars of Islam.

• Islam is not just a set of beliefs but also a way of life.

• After Muhammad’s death, Muslim scholars drew up a set of laws to regulate daily life, called shari’ah.

• Muslims are forbidden to gamble, eat pork, drink alcohol, or engage in dishonest behavior.

Section 6.2

The Arab Empire and its Successors

STARTER

Creation of an Arab Empire• There was no successor after Muhammad died.

• Followers chose Abu Bakr – his father-in-law over Ali his cousin and son-in-law – caliph (would cause conflict later)(meaning successor to Muhammad).

• Under Abu, Arabs spread Islam and defeated Byzantium army at Syria – Arabic custom of raiding one’s enemies to expand the movement, the Quran called it Jihad – “struggle for God”

• Conquered people were not forced to convert to Islam.

Umayyad Conquests• In the interest of peace, the majority of

Muslims accepted the Umayyads’ rule.

• A minority did continue to resist, and around some of these groups an alternate view of the office of caliph developed.

• In this view, the caliph—the person most responsible for spreading Muhammad’s message—needed to be a relative of the Prophet.

• This group was called Shi’a, meaning the “party” of Ali.

• Those who did not outwardly resist the rule of the Umayyads became known as Sunni, meaning followers of Muhammad’s example.

• Another group, the Sufi (SOO•fee), reacted to the luxurious life of the Umayyads by pursuing a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path. – They tried to achieve direct personal

contact with God through mystical means, such as meditation andchanting.

Islam splits– Shiite – only accept rulers who are

descendants of Ali (supporters of Ali)– Sunni – accepted the Umayyads as

rulers

• Still source of conflict and division today!

The Umayyads and the Abbassids• These powerful caliphates ruled the Islamic world, expanded the Arab

empire, and brought about a golden age in Muslim civilization.

UMAYYADS

Set up dynasty that ruled until 750 and moved capital to Damascus

Conquered lands from Atlantic to the Indus Valley

Relied on local officials to govern the empire: the Umayyads themselves lived in great luxury.

Faced economic tensions between wealthy and poor Arabs

Split in Islam occurs during their reign – between Sunni, Shi’a, Sufi.

ABBASSIDS

Overthrew the Umayyads in 750

Moved capital to Baghdad

Ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a universal religion

Empire of the caliphs reached its greatest wealth and power through strong trade network.

Muslim civilization enjoyed a Golden Age

Difficulty controlling vast empire.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6dCxo7t_aE

World Religions

STARTER

• Name the Five Pillars of Islam

• Who was the religious and political leader of Islam? (Hint: he was considered to be a prophet)

EXPLAIN• In 5 separate groups read about the religion that was given to

you.

• Write down facts about your religion on chart paper.

• Add illustrations to your chart.

• Present to the class

Religions

1.Christianity

2.Buddhism

3.Islam

4.Judaism

5.Hinduism

ACTIVITY• Create a World Religion booklet each page should contain

information about the religion. (who, what, when, where, and how)

• Each page should have a picture

• On the cover page there should also be a title and picture.

Two Content Layout with Table• First bullet point here

• Second bullet point here

• Third bullet point here

Group A Group B

Class 1 82 95

Class 2 76 88

Class 3 84 90

Two Content Layout with SmartArt

Group A• Task 1• Task 2

Group B• Task 1• Task 2

Group C• Task 1

• First bullet point here

• Second bullet point here

• Third bullet point here

Click icon to add picture