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Although the Wright Brothers made the first machine powered flight in aviation history, people were already taking flight via hot air balloons and gliders, which laid the foundation for the future of flight.
How might previous research and development contribute to a successful collaboration?
The first functional digital computer invented in 1946
• Many inventors contributed to the development of the first functional computer in 1946
• Since a computer is made up of many parts, each can be considered a separate invention.
What did Aristotle mean when he said: The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts?
The First Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) invented in 1968-69.
"On Sept. 2, our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again!" --Long Island branch of Chemical Bank, advertisement from 1969
Don Wetzel was tired of spending his lunch hour waiting in line at his bank. So he and a team of engineers developed a magnetic swipe card that stored customer information and a machine that provided cash and recorded transactions on the spot.
Ernest K. Bennett/APThis new "banking" machine was displayed for the first time at the American Bankers Association annual meeting in San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 25, 1966.
What other innovations are the result of modern day “problems”?
Andy Warhol depended on a diverse group of people to help inspire and create his artwork:
artists, writers, students, celebrities, musicians, engineers, and fashion designers.
Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)
Andy Warhol with Leo Castelli, Robert Rauschenberg, Ed Ruscha, James Rosenquist, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg and others at the Leo Castelli Gallery - 25th Anniversary luncheon, The Odeon, New York, February 1, 1982
gelatin silver print 8 x 9 15/16 in. (20.3 x 25.2 cm.)
Popular music became more collaborative and experimental in the 1960s. At this time, Warhol managed one of the most significant bands of the decade: The Velvet Underground. They often rehearsed in The Silver Factory.
"The Velvet Underground and Nico" MGM/Verve Records promotional material, 1967lithograph with ink and felt-tip inscriptions on coated paper, mounted on cardboard stand20 1/4 x 16 in. (51.4 x 40.6 cm.)The Andy Warhol Museum, PittsburghFounding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
The band joined Warhol’s multimedia road show: The Exploding Plastic Inevitable. Live music, Warhol’s film projections, and elaborate light shows made these performances collaborative events.
Artists and engineers are separate individuals, and if they work together, something will come out of it that neither can expect. --Billy Kluver
Andy Warhol, Silver Clouds Installation, at The Andy Warhol Museum, 2000
• Billy Kluver fostered collaboration between engineers and artists because it provided opportunities for them to respond to unique and unplanned challenges.
• As a Bell Laboratories engineer Kluver’s knowledge of technology helped bring one of Warhol’s artistic visions to life.
Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)
Billy Kluver and Unidentified Man, n.d.
gelatin silver print
8 x 10 in. (20.3 x 25.4 cm.)
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh
Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Andy Warhol originally asked for floating light bulbs; but Kluver gave him the floating Silver Clouds instead. Filled with helium and oxygen the clouds floated through the gallery bumping into each other as well as the viewer.
Andy Warhol, Silver Clouds Installation, at The Andy Warhol Museum, 2000
Andy Warhol & Graffiti Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat
• In the 1980s Andy Warhol collaborated with a young Haitian/Puerto Rican artist named Jean-Michel Basquiat.
• Warhol and Basquiat admired each other’s work and became close friends, eventually painting on the same canvases together.
Andy Warhol, Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat, 1985gelatin silver print8 x 10 in.The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding CollectionContribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Basquiat: Graffiti Artist
• Basquiat was a graffiti artist who mixed words, symbols, and images from pop culture.
• He also combined mediums such as drawing, painting, and collage.
Jean Michel Basquiat/Andy Warhol, Collaboration (Dollar Sign, Don’t Tread on me), 1984-85Acrylic, silkscreen ink, and oil stick on linen20 x 16in.The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding CollectionContribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol: Pop Artist
• Warhol used an opaque projector to trace corporate logos, newspaper text, and advertisements onto canvas.
• Basquiat would then paint onto these canvases using his freehand style of graffiti in between Warhol’s areas.
• Both artists’ styles are evident; Basquiat’s is gestural and expressive, while Warhol’s is more organized and slick.
Jean-Michel Basquiat/Andy Warhol, Collaboration, 1984-85Acrylic and oil stick on linen76 x 104 1/8in.The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding CollectionContribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
In addition to paintings, Warhol and Basquiat created a collaborative sculpture called Ten Punching Bags. Warhol appropriated Leonardo da Vinci’s Christ from the Last Supper painting and repeated it on each of the punching bags. Basquiat responded by incorporating the text “judge” and other symbols onto the bags.