THE WAR OF 1812. Warm-up Activity On a sheet of paper which WILL be the start of an exit ticket… Please explain to me what you know about the War.

THE WAR OF 1812THE WAR OF 1812

Warm-up Activity

On a sheet of paper which WILL be the start of an exit ticket…

Please explain to me what you know about the War of 1812. Take academic risks, as it’s ok to be wrong.

Origins of the War of 1812 Strained Trade Relations with Britain &

France The Problem of Impressment & The

Chesapeake Affair Restriction of Trade: Orders in Council

(1807) The Embargo Act (1807) & Macon Bill No.

2 (1810)

James Madison—4th president--a Democrat-Republican (anti-federalist)

Origins of War: English Actions

English forts in U.S. English encourage Indians to attack

frontier settlements Impressment English restrict U.S. trade (Orders in

Council)

Origins of War: U.S. Response

Wants unrestricted trade Stop kidnapping our people! Many want U.S. to expand (We want you,

Canada!) – Why do many Americans want to expand its

territory? Which group, federalists or anti-federalists do you think pushed for war against England?

JAMES MADISON

Origins of the War of 1812

Indian Problems: Tecumseh & the “Prophet”

Battle of Tippecanoe (1812)

William Henry Harrison

TECUMSEH

WILLIAM HARRISON

TECUMSEH’S WAR

UNITED STATES 1812

Origins of the War of 1812

The War Hawks & Declaration of War

Henry Clay

John C. Calhoun

HENRY CLAY

JOHN C. CALHOUN

Warm-up/Exit Slip

Watch Crash Course in U.S. History—War of 1812 by John Greene

Take notes Write down one question you have Write down something you learned Write down something you already knew

Problems facing the U.S. Madison didn’t want to tax (anti-

federalist). The U.S. borrowed the $. Aging officers in U.S. Army Regional factionalism

– New England (federalists) wanted closer ties with England and Anti-Federalists supported closer ties with France

Conflicts between regional and national strategies

Army size = 12K only! And the Navy had only 17 ships!

Where fighting occurred

Four theaters of conflict– Northeast (along Canadian border)– Northwest (Lake Erie to the north of Lake

Huron)– South (Gulf coast from N.O. to Pensacola, FL)– Eastern Seaboard and Atlantic Ocean

Invading Canada

Failed Three-Pronged Invasion

A. The Detroit Campaign--Fail

General William Hull—briefly attacks but withdraws to protect Detroit from Indian raids.

Following the slaughter at Ft. Dearborn, Gen. Hull surrenders Detroit to British.

Future President William Henry Harrison tries to recapture Detroit but is annihilated.

Invading Canada The Problem of Factionalism (N.E. Federalists

sell arms/goods to England and Canada!) Failed Three-Pronged Invasion

B. The Niagara Campaign--Fail

Stephen Van Rensselaer—no military exp.

New England Militia refused to cross into Canada

Battle of Queenston Heights—Brits win back Queenston from the Americans

Invading Canada The Problem of Factionalism Failed Three-Pronged Invasion

C. The Montreal Campaign

Gen. Henry Dearborne—ordered to capture Montreal

Again, N.E. militia men refused to enter Canada!

U.S. Navy victories U.S. heavy frigates were best in the world Navy officers young, talented and

experienced (from Tripolitan Wars) U.S. Privateers very successful Victory at Sea, 1812

– Several single ship victories

USS Constitution destroys HMS Guerriere and later HMS Java

USS United States captures HMS Macedonian

WAR AT SEA

U.S. Navy Victories

A. Battle of Lake Erie

Oliver PerryLawrenceNiagara

OLIVER PERRY

BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE

BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE

Invading Canada

Following the Battle of Lake Erie– General William Henry Harrison pursues the

retreating British– Gen. Harrison wins a smashing victory at the

Battle of the Thames• Indian leader Tecumseh killed

• A vital war objective is fulfilled—remove Indian threat

BATTLE OF THE THAMES

Tecumseh is killed at the Battle of Thames

Invading Canada Military Defeats: 1813

C. The Niagara Front—a proposal to eject the Brits from Western New York

* Began well for U.S. but British counterattack victories left the Americans isolated at Ft. George, later they abandon Fort

Stalemate in War

British Advances

France collapses in late 1813 which allows G.B. to concentrate their war effort against the U.S.

The Brits advance on Washington D.C. and Baltimore, MD.

CHEASAPEAKE OPERATIONS

FORT McHENRY

The British Counterattack

Stalemate in the North British Blockade & the Battle of

Blandensburg Offensive Out of Canada:

- The Battle of Lake Champlain

The British Counterattack

Stalemate in the North British Blockade & the Battle of Blandensburg Offensive Out of Canada: The Battle of Lake

Champlain British Dominance of the Sea Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson

SOUTHERN THEATER

ANDREW JACKSON

BRITISH OPERATIONS

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

Video Notes

Take notes during video segments Answer the following questions: What

military preparations did Jackson make to defend New Orleans? What went wrong with British military planning? What were the outcomes of the War of 1812?

Effects of War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent officially ends Myth of American Victory Ends the era of European wars spreading to N.A. (at least

for the next century) Recognition more professionalization of military is

needed Territorial integrity of U.S. maintained International respect U.S. annexes part of FL. British stop harassing U.S. vessels N.E. loses political power (Hartford Conv.) Republican party converts to Federalist military policy

Post-War of 1812 Professionalization

Professional, Not Political, Officers John C. Calhoun’s Expansible Army Plan Professionalism at West Point

MATH AT WEST POINT

Professionalization of the U.S. Navy

A Gentlemanly & Honorable Profession The Second Barbary War The Naval Act of 1816 The Naval Academy

BARBARY COAST