The Walkable-Bikeable Communities Analyst Extension for ArcView 3.x. Phil Hurvitz University of Washington College of Architecture & Urban Planning Seattle, WA, USA [email protected] http://gis.washington.edu/phurvitz Twenty-Fifth Annual ESRI International User Conference - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Walkable-Bikeable Communities Analyst Extension for ArcView 3.x
The Walkable-Bikeable Communities Analyst Extension for ArcView 3.x
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Abstract (1 of 3)
• Recent research in transportation, urban planning, and public health has focused on walkability and bikeability of the built environment.
• While a growing body of work is increasing the understanding of the relationship between the built environment and activity, more work needs to be done to operationalize and quantify “walkability” and “bikeability” using objectively measured values.
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Abstract (2 of 3)
• The Urban Form Laboratory at the University of Washington’s College of Architecture and Urban Planning (Seattle, USA) has developed an ArcView 3.x extension for quantifying objective measures of urban form that have been useful in modeling preferences for walking and cycling in different neighborhoods within the Seattle area.
• The WBC Analyst uses standard buffer and network analyses as well as some novel algorithms to generate these quantitative measures.
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Abstract (3 of 3)
• Output from the extension, when coupled with a telephone survey on socio-demographics, exercise, and activity levels, show promising results for the fields of urban planning, public health, and transportation.
• Using the combination of data from the telephone survey and environmental variables captured from the GIS, we were able to explain 47% of the variation in walking preference.
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Introduction/Background/Relevance
• There is a need for obtaining objective measures of the built environment and their effect on health related behaviors
• Our study uses GIS and traditional survey methods to estimate the walkability of locations within the urban environment in the Seattle area
• We have developed an ArcView 3.x extension that collects and analyzes more than 200 variables related to the built environment for every location of interest
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Analytical components: Neighborhood center analysis
• Parcels with associated land uses frequently occur in clusters (e.g., shopping districts)
• Neighborhood Center (NC) analysis identifies clusters of land use and generates convex-hull polygons based on a combination of spatial and attribute properties
• Proximity and buffer measures are calculated for NCs as well• proximity to other land uses to each NC• inventory of features within buffer distance to each NC
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Results/Discussion
• Using only socio-demographic variables we were able to explain 35% of the variation in walking• age • education• neighborhood social environment• attitude toward traffic and environmental quality
• Adding environmental variables (presence of certain land uses within 1 mile of the home) obtained from the GIS increased the R2 to 47%
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Results/Discussion
• Land uses strongly associated with walking included frequently used destinations, e.g.,• banks• retail stores• grocery stores• restaurants• pubs (when singled out, this was the strongest
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Conclusions
• “Three D’s” of activity emerge as drivers of walkability:• Destination• Distance• Density
• Use of detailed (parcel level GIS and individual responses) provides higher quality information than spatially aggregated data (e.g., census, neighborhood)
• Our work suggests more knowledge can be gained from taking similar approaches
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References
• Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., C. Vazquez-Chavez, et al. (2001). "Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and tobacco consumption in an urban adult Mexican population." Archives of Medical Research 32(5): 446-453.
• CDC (1990-2002). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Stokols, D. (1992). "Establishing and Maintaining Healthy Environments - toward a Social Ecology of Health Promotion." American Psychologist 47(1): 6-22.
• Sturm, R. and D. A. Cohen (2004). "Suburban sprawl and physical and mental health." Public Health 118(7): 488-496.