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Slide 1
Slide 2
The Vietnam War A Quick Revision of the last two weeks
Slide 3
The end of the Second World War Germany is defeated and Divided
into four zones by The Victorious Powers The United States,
Britain, France and the Soviet Union. But peace does not last long.
The United States wants Germany to be united and Democratic. The
Soviet Union Wants Germany to be divided And communist.
Slide 4
Two New Superpowers The United States Capitalism Democracy
Private Ownership The Soviet Union Communist Dictatorship Public
Ownership
Slide 5
The Cold War
Slide 6
What is Communism? Communism is the idea that everyone in
society receives equal share of Benefits from labor. This means
that the government controls all means of production. No private
ownership of business.
Slide 7
The Fear of Communism By 1950, there is a real fear of
communism dominating Europe and Asia. In Europe, the Soviet Union
is controlling Eastern Europe. In Asia, the Communists have taken
power in China. In Australia, the communist party supported strikes
in the coal industry in 1949. Communism is Seen as undermining
Australian Industry and the Australian way of life.
Slide 8
The fear of communism In 1950, Robert Menzies bans the
communist party In Australia. But the High Court says that the ban
is Unconstitutional. So Menzies goes to the People in a referendum
in 1951. The referendum votes No to banning communism.
Slide 9
The Petrov Affair Fear and Paranoia again grip Australia when
Vladimir Petrov seeks Asylum in Australia. Petrov claims that a
Soviet Spy ring is operating from the Soviet Embassy. Robert
Menzies sets Up a Royal Commission to investigate these
claims.
Slide 10
The Korean War In 1950, the communist North Korea invades South
Korea. North Korea is supported by China. Australia, an ally of the
United States and a member of the United Nations sends troops. The
war is stalemate no body wins.
Slide 11
The Domino Theory the Fear of Communism Is the theory that if
one country falls to Communism then they will all fall to communism
if Communism is not stopped.
Slide 12
Forward Defense Fear of Communism Australia fears communist
aggression spreading through South East Asia. Australia has the
policy of Forward Defense or stopping communism in Asia before it
reaches Australia.
Slide 13
Cold War Alliances Australia joins an alliance with the United
States and New Zealand the Anzus Alliance. Australia also joins
SEATO the South East Asia Treaty Organisation with the United
States, Britain, France, New Zealand, the Philippines.
Slide 14
Why does Australia go to Vietnam? Fear of Communism sweeping
through South East Asia
Slide 15
The Vietnam War In 1962, South Vietnam asks for Help against
the North Vietnamese Insurgents. Under the SEATO treaty, Australia
pledges to stop communist aggression in South East Asia including
South Vietnam. In 1962, Australia sends military advisors to South
Vietnam.
Slide 16
1964 the war escalates In 1964, North Vietnamese attack U.S
ships The Gulf of Tonkin incident. Australia also increases its
troops to Vietnam and sends the HMAS Sydney. The U.S begins bombing
raids against the North Vietnamese.
Slide 17
Conscription In 1964, the government introduces conscription or
National Service. There is opposition to conscription from -Save
Our Sons -The Labor Party -The Trade Unions -The Communist Party
-Youth organisations
Slide 18
The Birthday Ballot Anyone who is 20 years and over must
register. Conscripts are chosen From a birthday ballot a date is
picked out of a box. If your birthday Falls on that date, you must
join the army for two years or face jail
Slide 19
Support for the war Despite conscription, there is still wide
support for the war In Vietnam. In 1966, LBJ visits Australia. He
Is greeted like royalty. Australia promises our full support for
the war All the way with LBJ. In 1966, the Liberal party is re-
elected. Australia increases its troops in Vietnam to 6,000.
Slide 20
Growing opposition to the war By 1970, there is growing
opposition to the War in Vietnam. The Vietnam War is seen on
television. People Are seeing the horror of the war on
television
Slide 21
Growing opposition to the war In 1966, the government announces
that conscripted Soldiers will be sent to Vietnam. The Tet
offensive the North Vietnamese Attack in 1968. Although the
Americans defeat the North Vietnamese, it gives the impression to
many Australians that the War will never end and more troops will
be sent to Vietnam. The My Lai Massacre becomes known. The murder
of innocent civilians by American troops now shows that this is no
longer an honorable war.
Slide 22
The Moratorium Movement In 1970, all of the groups that oppose
the Vietnam War and conscription join together In the Moratorium
Movement or stop the War. They have two demands -Stop the war and
bring all soldiers home from Vietnam -End conscription The first
protests are held in May 1970 in all Major cities and again in
September 1970. The 1970 moratorium marches attract 200,000 People.
There are some clashes between supporters of the War and opponents
of the war in Adelaide.
Slide 23
So why was Australia involved in Vietnam? Fear of Communism
spreading in South-East Asia and communist influence in Australia.
The Domino theory, the Korean War, Forward defense, ANZUS, SEATO
stopping communism from coming to Australia. In Australia, the 1951
ban and Referendum, the Petrov Affair, 1966 LBJ and 1966
election.