The USAID Fumigation Programmatic Environmental Assessment: A Four Year Retrospective Erika Clesceri, PhD, Bureau Environmental Officer, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, USAID Integrated Pest Management and Fumigation Safety Training January 24-26, 2017 Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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The USAID Fumigation Programmatic
Environmental Assessment:
A Four Year Retrospective
Erika Clesceri, PhD, Bureau Environmental Officer, Bureau for
Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, USAID
Integrated Pest Management and Fumigation Safety Training
January 24-26, 2017
Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Purpose of the Fumigation PEA
• The Problem:
• Stored commodity losses due to insect infestation
• Ineffective fumigation is dangerous, with serious risks
to human health and possible pesticide resistance
• PVOs raised concern about fumigant residues on
fumigated commodity for beneficiaries
• The Solution: The Fumigation PEA
• BEO led, Food for Peace funded under GEMS contract
• Developed guidance, tools and templates for USAID-
funded projects
Content of the Fumigation PEA
• Main Body:
• Purpose, goals and methodology of the PEA
• Environmental and human health risk evaluation
• Mitigation measures for phosphine fumigation
• Annex A: Tools for implementation:
• Guidelines and templates for the fumigation
• Annex B: Background Information:
• Information collected and reports developed during the
elaboration of the Fumigation PEA
Development Timeline
• 2011: Scoping Statement for
Fumigation PEA
• 2013: Original PEA
• 2015: First Update to PEA
(Template Improvements)
• 2016: Second Update to PEA
(Applies to Entire Agency)
PEA Methodology
• PEA Team of experts in Environmental Impact
Assessment, Fumigation, Social Sciences Surveying,
Community Engagement, under GEMS project
• Stakeholder consultation of FACG members,
including USAID staff, PVOs, World Food Program
etc.
• Field Work in the USA (Manhattan, Kansas),
Uganda, Ethiopia and Djibouti
• Human Health Risk Evaluation of phosphine
fumigation for beneficiaries, fumigation service
providers, warehouse workers, and nearby residents
Over 125 stakeholders
consulted from:
Supreme Fumigation Services
Ltd
Star Pest Control
Smayaz Transact International
Zollo Pest Control
Gibe Freight Transporters
Hebret F.T.O.A
Compass Transport
Tared Transport
BMMI Djibouti and many more
Assessing Safety:
Human Health Risk Evaluation (HHRE)
Repeat application by fumigation
providers, multiple acute exposure,
chronic impacts?
PEA Findings: Environmental and
Human Health
• Poor practices can affect the health of fumigant applicators,
warehouse staff, and even nearby residents
• Beneficiary health impacts are not significant
• Poor fumigation will compromise the quality of food
• Solid Waste from Fumigation process + inadequate handling
and disposal of fumigant and waste could present a danger,
water reactive/explosive
• Recent domestic example in Texas where people died (2017)