The U.S. in World War II Section 1: Mobilizing for Defense Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa Section 3: The War in the Pacific Section 4: The Home Front http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-02.jp http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-05.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-06.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/w w2/photos/
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The U.S. in World War II Section 1: Mobilizing for Defense Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa Section 3: The War in the Pacific Section 4:
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• Japan dominates the Pacific Theatre and takes over many Allied territories– Guam– Wake Island– Hong Kong– Singapore– Burma– Indonesia– Thailand– Many other places
• Wainwright withdraws to island to hold out against the Japanese
• 11,000 troops endured constant bombardment
• Corregidor surrendered in May 1942
The island stronghold of Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay has fallen after a lengthy siege and Japanese
troops lower the American flag.
Doolittle’s Raid
• Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bomber in the attack on Tokyo on April 18, 1942
• Took off from aircraft carriers in B-25s
• Hit at the heart of Japan
• Improved U.S. morale
• Hurt Japanese morale
Lt Col James H. Doolittle, USAAF (front), leader of the raiding force, wires a Japanese medal to a 500-pound bomb, during ceremonies on the flight deck of USS Hornet (CV-8), shortly before his force of sixteen B-25B bombers took off for Japan. The planes were launched on April 18, 1942.
• August 1942, U.S. Marines launched the 1st major Allied land offensive in the Pacific
• Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands was a strategic location for air support
• Called the ‘Island of Death’ by the Japanese• Marked Japan’s first defeat on land• It kept Japan from being able to hit Allied
shipping lanes and Allied held islands• Concluded in February 1943
Cairo Conference and Declaration
• Nov. 1943• Meeting between Churchill, FDR, and
Chiang Kai-Shek of China• Agree to terms of war concerning Japan
– Unconditional Surrender– Deprive Japan of all territory acquired since
1914– Return all land to China– Korea would be free and independent
U.S. Strategy in the Pacific
• Leapfrogging
• U.S. would jump from island to island, missing the more fortified ones, as they moved closer and closer to Japan
Yalta Conference
• Feb. 1945• Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin (Big Three)• Met at Yalta – Southern Crimea Peninsula on the Black Sea• Discuss Postwar Issues• At this time the outcome in Europe was predictable, but the war
in the Pacific was very questionable
Yalta Agreement
• Stalin agrees to enter the war against Japan 3 months after German surrender in return for land in the Far East
• For the Eastern half of Poland, Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe
• Germany would be divided into 4 occupation zones
• Berlin would also be divided• France and China would sponsor the conference
to found the United Nations
Battle of Leyte Gulf
• MacArthur returns to the Philippines in Oct. 1944 with 178,000 troops and 738 ships
• Japanese begin to use Kamikaze Pilots in this battle
• Kamikaze – Suicide plane• 424 Kamikaze pilots sank 16 ships and
damaged 80• Battle a total disaster for the Japanese in that
they lost most of their navy and would not be much of a threat for the rest of the war
Iwo Jima
• Feb. 1945• U.S. needed Iwo Jima in order to launch heavily loaded bombers at Japan• Heavily defended by the Japanese
– 20,700 Japanese troops entrenched
• U.S. attacked with 70,000 Marines• U.S. death toll – 6,000 Marines• Japanese death toll – 20,500
– (Only 200 survive)
• Iwo Jima famous for the picture of U.S. troops raising the Flag on top of Mt. Suribachi
• Settles Diplomatic, Political, and Military Disputes
• 5 permanent members– U.S.– United Kingdom– Russia– France– China
• 11 members total (other 6 serve 2 year terms)
Other Bodies of U.N.
• Economic and Social Council– 18 members– Deals with human welfare and fundamental rights and freedoms– Has many groups including UNICF and the World Bank
• International Court of Justice– 15 Judges– Deal with questions and disputes of International Law
• Trusteeship Council– Promotes welfare of people in colonial territories and help them toward
self-government
• Secretariat – Deal with the day-to-day organizational and administrative concerns
Organizational Chart of U.N. http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf