The Urinary System Urine for a Great Time!!!
Dec 26, 2015
Function of the Kidneys
• Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes• Maintains normal concentration of
water and electrolytes• Maintains pH• Maintains blood cell production• Maintains blood pressure
What Other Organs Help• Contributing Excretory Organs• Liver– removes hazardous chemicals from the blood.• "detoxifies" the blood• For this reason, alcoholics and other types of
addicts have a higher incidence of liver disease. – Some proteins & other nitrogenous compounds are
broken down in the liver forming a compound call urea
• Lungs– excrete waste like carbon dioxide and water.
• Skin – rids waste from the body through sweat glands
Primary Urinary Organs
• 2 Kidneys– Renal cortex (outer region)– Renal medulla (inner region)– Nephron: functional unit of kidney
• Renal artery/vein: kidney blood flow
• 2- Ureters: urine excretory duct• 1 - Urinary bladder: urine storage• 1 - Urethra: urine elimination tube
Kidneys
• Two reddish organs just above the waist behind the stomach
• Filter the blood and removes waste
Nephron
• each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons-renal corpuscle: composed of a tangled cluster called a glomerulus which filters fluid
• Pathway = glomerulus -» proximal tubulue --» nephron loop (also called loop of henle) --» distal tubule --» collecting duct --» ureter --» bladder
Nephron
• Filtering unit of the kidney
• Blood enters full of waste and leaves filtered
• Blood enters under high pressure and flows into the capillary beds
U-shaped Tubules (Loop of Henle)
• Most of the ions and water
• All of the glucose and amino acids
• Reabsorbed into the bloodstream
• This is how the body’s water is conserved
• Homeostasis is maintained
Urine Formation
• glomerular filtration - urine formation begins, plasma is filtered
• tubular reabsorption - returns most of the fluid to the body - PROXIMAL TUBULE
• tubular secretion - removes what is not needed; produces urine - DISTAL TUBULE
So what happens if:
• Kidney stones• Cystitis• Kidney infection– Pylonephritis– Glomerulonephritis
• Overactive bladder• Kidney failure
Cystitis vs Kidney Infection
• Superficial• Bladder only • Urgency• Burning
• Invasion of kidney and blood stream
• Fever, chills, flank pain• Tenderness• Increased WBC
Overactive bladder
• sudden contractions of the bladder produce sensation of urgency, also more common in women
• Kegal Exercises