The United States: The War at Home. Mass Production U.S. had to supply a war across the Atlantic Ocean U.S. had to supply a war across the Atlantic Ocean.

The United States: The War at Home

Mass Production• U.S. had to supply a war across the Atlantic OceanU.S. had to supply a war across the Atlantic Ocean– Exempted shipyard workers from the draftExempted shipyard workers from the draft– Prefabrication techniques = faster productionPrefabrication techniques = faster production–Gov’t. “took” private ships for military useGov’t. “took” private ships for military use

The Government Regulates Industry• War Industries Board:War Industries Board: regulated price controls.• National War Labor Board:National War Labor Board: Work or Fight! (no strikes)

• Food AdministrationFood Administration: food conservation campaigns– 1 day meatless– 2 days porkless– 1 day sweetless– 2 days wheatless

“The gospel of the

clean plateclean plate”

How do you pay for & ‘sell’ a war?• Raise taxes• Sell “Liberty” & “Victory” bondsbonds• Propaganda!– Committee on Public InformationCommittee on Public Information (CPI)– Thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, etc. are

created to promote the War

■ Not all are convinced to fight ■ Conscientious objectorConscientious objector: a person who opposes warfare on moral grounds (pacifists) “Thou Shall Not Kill”

Suspension of Civil Rights

• Anti-Immigrant Sentiment • The Alien and Espionage ActsAlien and Espionage Acts of 1917:– $10,000 fine and/or 20 years in jail speaking out against

the war effort.

• Newspapers shut down.

1st Amendment?

Women Go to Work!

• Women’s effort…– Took jobs in

factories and at the shipping docks

■ Women’s help in WWI enabled the passage of 1919thth amendment amendment

1918- An Unexpected Problem: Flu Epidemic• Spanish InfluenzaSpanish Influenza (flu)• ¼ of U.S. citizens affected– 500,000 Americans die

• ¼ of U.S. troops affected– Approx. 1/3 of AEF troops die

Central Powers Surrender• Nov. 3, 1918: Austria - Hungary surrenders• Nov. 11, 1918: Germany surrenders• Agree to cease-fire and signed armistice/ truce

Please answer the following questions in Please answer the following questions in complete sentencescomplete sentences

• 1. How does the United States build a military?• 2. How does the United States support

shipbuilders?• 3. How did the U.S. regulate industries?• 4. What did the Alien and Espionage Acts do?• 5. How did African Americans and women

become involved in the war effort? • 6. What killed 1/3 of American Expeditionary

Force soldiers?

George Creel’s George Creel’s CPI

• U.S. Committee on Public Info.U.S. Committee on Public Info.