The United States: Americans, Citizenship, and Governments Chapter 3

The French and Indian War

The United States: Americans, Citizenship, and GovernmentsChapter 3

Mr. FerroUS History

Being an AmericanLesson 1Essential Questions:What are the characteristics that make up a culture?

It Matters Because:The United States is enriched by its diversity and unified by its shared values .

A History of Immigration United States people share many traditions Parades, 4th of July, Thanksgiving 13% of all Americans were not born in the United StatesImmigrants- people who move permanently to a new country. 98% of Americans are descendants of immigrants from all over the world

A History of Immigration Original North Americas came from AsiaBeringia natural bridge that once connected Asia and North America 20,000 years agoNative Americas todaySpanish started coming in the early 1500s Earliest settlers lived in Florida Later in the Southwest1600s migration to North America French- in CanadaNetherlands (Dutch) to New Amsterdam (New York)Started farms along the Hudson River English along east coast of North AmericaLate 1600s and 1700 -people arrived fromGermany, Sweden, Ireland, ScotlandThese immigrants created the 13 colonies Eventually the colonies became the United States

A History of Immigration Some people came here by forceAfrican slavesFrom 1860 to 1890, 10 million people migrated to America from Western and Northern EuropeDenmark, Norway, and SwedenFrom 1890 to 1924 they came from southern and eastern Europe 22 million people arrived Italy, Greece, Poland, RussiaLate 1900sA larger share came from Asia and Latin America

Ongoing Transformation 1830 to 1930 population growthFrom 12 million to 12o million40 million were immigrants Brought different culturesMade the United States diverse

In Millions Migration from rural to urban areasNew businesses in cities paid higher wages than farms After the Civil War African Americans moved to northern cities Find better jobs start new lifeBlue-collar job workers worked in factories, wore blue shirtsWhite-collar workers worked in offices, schools, storesWomen are in the labor force more than before Eventually factory jobs decreaseService jobs increase

American DiversityEthnic groups People who share a common national, cultural, or racial background20102050White, Non-Hispanic -64%46%Hispanic -16%30.2African American -12.2 %11.8%Asian -4.5% 7.6%Multiracial -1.5% 3.0%

Diverse Religious BeliefsChristianity -173 millionJudaism, Islam, Buddhism -9 millionMany practice no religion

Values and Institutions Values the general principles, or beliefs, you use to make judgments Broad ideas about what is good and desirable and what is bad and undesirableAmericans have certain shared valuesFreedom, equality, opportunity, justice, democracy Unity, respect for one another, toleranceThe Declaration of IndependenceAll people are created equallife, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Social InstitutionsInstitutions- are the key practices, relationships, and organizations in a societyFamily- the most important in American lifeChurches, Temples, MosquesSchools-reflect societys culture, history and knowledge

Government InstitutionsAmerican institutions reflect how strongly Americans value freedomThe right to make ones own choice in life without unrestrained interference from governmentAmerican government is based on popular sovereigntythe idea that the government receives its power from the people

The ConstitutionConstitution a detailed, written plan for governmentMakes sure that government is limited in its power3 Branches of governmentLegislative Branch-makes laws and changes existing laws based on the Constitution and the Bill of RightsJudicial Branch-studies and interprets the lawExecutive Branch-executes the lawsBill of RightsMakes sure that government cannot abuse its power over the individualLesson 2Becoming a CitizenGuiding Question: How does a person become a citizen?

Citizens- are members of a community who owe loyalty to a government.They are entitled to the protection of that government

Civics- The study of the duties and rights of citizens A good government need well informed citizensRoots of Citizenship Citizenship-the rights and duties of citizens Dates back 2,500 years Greece and RomeGave people legal rights People were allowed to take part in governmentGovernment- the ruling authority for a group of people

Two ways to become a citizenNatural Born CitizenAny person Born in the 50 StatesDistrict of ColumbiaAmerican territory (Puerto Rico)U.S. Military baseIf youre born in another country but your parents are citizensCan hold dual citizenship

Naturalized CitizenshipNaturalization-is a legal process to obtain citizenshipMust be 18 or olderMust have been a lawful permanent resident for 5 yearsMust be able to read, write and speak EnglishMust be of good moral character Must show an understanding of U.S. civics

Road to CitizenshipComplete an application and send toU.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USIS)USIS talks to the applicant to make sure all requirements are meantTake citizenship examSpecial ceremonyTake an oath or swear to be loyal to the United StatesSwear to obey the Constitution and the countrys laws Sign a document Children under 18 automatically become citizensLosing Citizenship 3 ways to lose citizenshipExpatriation- someone who gives his or her allegiance to a foreign countryDenaturalization- Naturalized citizens who are found to have lied on their citizenship application Being convicted of certain crimes (3 types)TreasonTaking part in a rebellion Trying to overthrow the government by violent means Only the federal government can grant or take away citizenshipForeign-Born ResidentsNot everyone who lives and works in the United States is a citizenMany are alien-foreign born residents who have not been naturalized. There are two groups

Legal alien- legal immigrant who permanently lives in the U.SThey have all the rights, pay taxes, but cannot vote

Legal Alien (continued)Nonresident alien- someone who expects to stay in the U.S. for a short time, specific periodCan hold a job,, own property, attend public schools, receive public recoursesRefugees- a person who has left his or her home to escape danger such as persecution by government, war or natural disasterThreat of live has to be proven

Illegal AliensU.S. limits immigration to about 1 million per yearRelatives of U.S. citizens receive the highest prioritySo do people with jobs skillsMany more people want to come here than its allowed1 million people per year enter and remain illegally Others never applied, arrived by crossing the Mexico and Canada border illegally. They can be arrested and deported

Undocumented PeopleClose to 12 million people illegally in the United StatesCome for work and a better lifeMany have no friends, family, or a place to liveHard to find workIts against the law to hire illegal aliensLow paying jobs and no benefitsLive in fear of deportation

Lesson 3Duties and Responsibilities of America CitizensGuiding Question- What are the duties of American citizens?

We all play a part in making our communities safe and successfulWe all have responsibilities-things we should do Obligation we meet on our own free will

American Citizens have certain dutiesDuties- actions we are required to perform at National, state and local level Failure to perform is subject to penalties under lawObey laws- rules that allow people to live together peacefully Keep order, protect health, safety and propertyPay taxes- provide most of the money government needs to function Pay employees, defend the country, help those in needLocal communities hire police, pave roads, run schools There can be fines and penalties if you dont pay taxesDefend the NationMost male citizens 18-25 are required to register with the Selective Service System (SSS)In the event of war Extreme emergencyGovernment may need to draftCall men to military service1973-the latest draft (Vietnam war)Today our military depends on volunteers

Serve in CourtThe U.S. Constitutions guarantees that anyone accused of a crime the right to a Jury trial The Sixth AmendmentJury- a group of citizens who hear evidence and decide whether the accused is guiltyEvery adult citizen must serve The accused also has the right to hear or present witnessIf you are called as a witness, its your duty to appear

Attend SchoolGovernment provides free public elementary and secondary education In most states children 7-16 years old have to attend schoolTaught knowledgeCivicsPrepare for life Resolve problemsForm opinions, express

Citizens Duties and ResponsibilitiesRESPONSIBILITIESBe informed and voteParticipate in your community and government Respect the rights and property of others Respect different opinions and ways of lifeDUTIESObey the lawPay taxesDefend the nationServe in court Attend schoolResponsibilitiesBe an Informed and Active CitizenCitizens have the responsibility to stay informedKnow what your government is doingMake your concerns known:Contact elected officialsSupport a cause you care aboutVOTECitizens 18 and older

Respect the Rights of Others Being helpful is part of being a good citizen

Respect diversity in population. Every person has a right to his or her opinion beliefs and practices

Tolerance-respecting and accepting others

Contribute to the Common GoodEssential Question: What would your community be like if no one supported charities or volunteered for community projects?People need to participate, and volunteerGive time, money, and effort to improve the community Contribute to the common good

Being InvolvedGuiding Question: How can citizens make their community a better place to live Government provides many servicesCitizens also share the responsibility to meet community needsCare about the communitys WelfareHealth Prosperity and happiness of all members

Donating Money and TimeVolunteerism- the practice of offering your time and service to others without receiving payment More than 63 million people do volunteer work Without volunteers many community needs would not be metClean up parks Church groups make holiday baskets Retirees teach schoolchildrenStudents visit nursing homes Collect food for a local pantryAmericans give $300 billion per year to charity

National Programs Peace Corps- Advises farmers, teaches children, starts small business, and fights serious diseases worldwide

AmeriCorps- Meets community needs, helps victims of natural disasters, cleans polluted rivers, and assists disabled people

Senior Corps- Volunteer opportunities form seniorsFoster Grandparents- help special need kidsSenior Companions- help other seniors at home Retired and Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP)Connects seniors to volunteer opportunities in their own communities

Forms of Government Lesson 4Essential Question: Why do people create, structure, and change government?

It Matters BecausePeople form government to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals

Guiding Question: What is the purpose of Government?

Government- is the ruling authority for a community Organization that has the power to make and carry out laws and decisions The Importance of GovernmentMakes and enforces lawsMakes it possible for people to live together peacefully and productivelyProtects from attacks fro other societiesKeep Order and Provide SecurityConflicts always arise Government makes laws (Rules of conduct)Laws serve to prevent conflicts between Individuals, groups, or nations Laws make it a crime to attack or harm another personLaws protect peoples propertyGovernment Provides Services Government provides services that people would not otherwise getLibraries, schools, hospitals, and parksRepairs streets and bridges, collect garbage, deliver mailGovernment agencies make sure products are safeFood, medicines, cars, cribsGovernment helps prevent spread of diseaseGovernment helps the needy by giving:Food, money, housing, healthcare, programs for the disabled

Functions of GovernmentKeep OrderPass and enforce laws Establish courts

Provide Services Protect public health Protect public safetyProvide public welfare Provide SecurityEstablish armed forcesProtect citizens from foreign attack Guide The CommunityDevelop public policy Manage the economyConduct foreign relationsGuide the CommunityPublic Policy-the decisions and action a government takes to solve problems in the communityGovernments have limited amounts of money Formulate policy and plans for collecting and spending moneyHandle relations with other countriesTrade, travelAgreements to share resources Agreements to help each other if attacked

Levels of GovernmentThe United States has a federal system of government Power is divided between the federal (national) government and state governmentLocal government serve towns, cities, and countiesFederal has the highest authority over its citizens Makes and enforces laws for the entire countryStates or local government cannot make laws that go against the national governmentFederal government sets up citizenship rules

State Government Each of the 50 states has it own governmentThey decide matters for the people in their state Set marriage laws Make schooling rules Hold electionsManage public health and safety Build roads and bridges Create laws as long as the laws dont go against the national governmentLocal governmentsFound in counties, cities, and towns Provide schools, police, and fire departments, emergency medical services, and local courts

The Types of Government Guiding Question: What are the types of government? Nations have different ways of governing themselvesDemocratic Government Democracy began in the Greek city of Athens Over 2,500 years ago it was a direct democracy All citizens meet and vote to decide what to doDirect democracy is not practical anymore

Representative DemocracyCitizens choose a group of people to:Represent them Make lawsGovern on their behalfUnited States has this form of government Oldest representative democracyMajority rulesDetermined through elections

Two Kinds of Representative Democracy RepublicCitizens have a role in choosing the person who will be the head of governmentPresident

Constitutional MonarchyHereditary ruler- you inherit the positionThe power is limited by a constitutionLimited ceremonial ruleVoters elect representatives to make lawsRepresentative choose a Prime Minister to head the government

Authoritarian GovernmentRegime-a government that is in powerIn democratic regimes the people ruleAutocracy-in authoritarian regimes power is held by one person or a small groupRule as you wishUnlimited powerMonarchy- a government with a hereditary rulerAbsolute monarchs Today King of Saudi Arabia, Emir of QatarDictators- exercise complete control by use of forceOverthrow existing government and seize powerNorth Korea, Cuba

Totalitarian Rule Many dictator for their people to accept totalitarian ruleGovernment controls almost all aspects of peoples lives Totalitarian leaders ban any efforts to appose themThey take away individual freedomsThey force people to obey their ideologyThey control the mediaThey rely on scare tactics and violenceIdeology- a body of ideas about life and societySocialism- society controls all aspects of the economy, either directly or indirectly through the government