THE UNECE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION Workshop to Promote the Ratification of the Protocol on Heavy Metals across the UNECE region.

THE UNECE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY

AIR POLLUTION

Workshop to Promote the Ratification of the Protocol on Heavy Metals across the UNECE

region – 14-16 May 2008, Yerevan

Tea AulavuoThe UNECE Secretariat to the Convention

Artic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

SloveniaHungary

Slovakia

Poland

LithuaniaLatvia

Estonia

Finland

Armenia

Sweden

Georgia

Norway

Belarus

Czech Rep. Ukraine

Denmark

Moldova

Germany

Yugoslavia

Austria

Bulgaria

Liechtenstein

Turkey

Italy

Monaco

Cyprus

Switzerland

Malta

Netherlands

Greece

Belgium

F.Y.R.ofMacedonia

Luxembourg

Albania

France

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Spain

Croatia

Portugal

IrelandUnited Kingdom

Romania

Russian Federation

Iceland

Kara SeaBarents Sea

North Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea Caspian Sea

Aral Sea

Canada

of America

Kyrgyzstan

Artic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

SloveniaHungary

Slovakia

Poland

LithuaniaLatvia

Estonia

Finland

Armenia

Sweden

Georgia

Norway

Belarus

Czech Rep. Ukraine

Denmark

Moldova

Germany

Yugoslavia

Austria

Bulgaria

Liechtenstein

Turkey

Italy

Monaco

Cyprus

Switzerland

Malta

Netherlands

Greece

Belgium

F.Y.R.ofMacedonia

Luxembourg

Albania

France

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Spain

Croatia

Portugal

IrelandUnited Kingdom

Romania

Russian Federation

Iceland

Kara SeaBarents Sea

North Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea Caspian Sea

Aral Sea

Canada

of America

Kyrgyzstan

Kazakhstan

Azerbaijan

CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION

51 Parties in Europe, North America and Central Asia

There are many Parties to the Convention, but the Convention itself is just a framework………..

CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION

Geneva 1984

EMEP Protocol

42 Parties

Cost-sharing of monitoring and evaluation work

Helsinki1985

Sulphur Protocol

22 Parties

Flat-rate reduction (30%) of 1980 emissions by 1993

Sofia1988

NOx Protocol

31 Parties

Flat-rate, stabilization of 1987 emissions by 1994, BAT requirements

Geneva1991

VOC Protocol

22 Parties

Flat-rate reduction (30%) by 1999, optional base year, stabilization for low-emission areas, BAT requirements

Oslo1994

2nd Sulphur Protocol

27 Parties

Effects-based emission ceilings (acidification), mandatory limit values for major sources

Protocols to thethe Convention

Protocols toto the ConventionAarhus1998

Heavy metals Protocol

29 Parties

HR, MD,

Stabilize emissions of cadmium, lead and mercury; limit values for major sources

Aarhus1998

POPs Protocol 29 Parties Stabilize emissions of PAH, dioxins/furans and HCB; phase out selected pesticides, limit values for major sources

1999, GothenburgMulti-pollutantMulti-effectProtocol

Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone

24 Parties

Effects based using integrated assessment modelling. Specifies emission ceilings and controls for sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

STRUCTURE OF THE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION

Implementation Committee

Working Group on Strategies and Review

Working Group on Effects

EMEP Steering Body

Expert Groups

Task Forces

International Cooperative Programmes

Programme Coordinating

Centre

IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

ICP Forests

Task Force

WG EFFECTS

Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections

Task Force onMeasurement and Modelling

Chemical Coordinating Centre

Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West

Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling

Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling

EMEP

Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen

Task Forceon POPs

Network of Experts on Benefits and

Economic Instruments

Expert Group on Techno-economic Issues

WG STRATEGIES AND REVIEW

EXECUTIVE BODY

ICPIntegrated Monitoring

Task Force

Task Force Health

ICP Modelling and Mapping

Task Force

ICP Materials

Task Force

ICP Vegetation Task Force

ICP Waters

Task ForceProgramme

Centre

Programme Centre

Programme Centre

Coordination Centre for

Effects

Main Research Centre

Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East

Task Force on Heavy Metals

Expert Group on Particulate Matter

TF on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution

Centre for Emission Inventories and

Projections

Focus on EECCA and SEE

• CAPACT project 2004-2007 in Kazakhstan, with EECCA participation;

• 2003 – Adoption of UNECE implementation guidelines at 5th Ministerial Conference “Environment for Europe” in Kiev;

• 2006-2008: Development of implementation guidelines for Heavy Metals; POPs and Gothenburg Protocols;

• 2005 – 2007: Development of EECCA Action Plan• 2007-2008: Questionnaire to identify problems and possible solutions

for ratification;• Technical workshops, bilateral projects, donor support to assist

EECCA and SEE participation and ratification.

The "CAPACT" ProjectCapacity Building for Air Quality Management and the

Application of Clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia

«Наращивание потенциала в области управления качеством воздуха и применения

чистых технологий сжигания угля в Центральной Азии»

Project funded by theUnited Nations Development Account

CAPACT • Key objectives:

1. Improved air quality in Central Asia 2. More efficient use and production of energy in

Central Asia• Duration: mid-2004 to mid 2007• Main focus: Central Asia Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan and other EECCA countries.

• Main implementing entities: UNECE in collaboration with UNESCAP

• Budget: USD 680,000 • Financed by: UN Development Account

CAPACT “Working Packages”1. Implementation Plans for the LRTAP Convention

Protocols;2. Development of Sub regional Cooperation on Air

Pollution Problems as part of the Regional Cooperation under the Convention;

3. Linking European and Asian Air Monitoring and Evaluation Programme;

4. Development of Sub-Regional Network for Energy Related Emission Reductions

5. Strengthening of Sustainable Energy Policies and Energy Pricing Reforms

6. Promotion of Investment Project Finances for the Deployment of Clean Coal Technologies

CAPACT workshops and seminars in Kazakshtan

1. July 2007: Final CAPACT Project Meeting and joint energy and environment seminar;

2. October 2006: Second Regional Workshop on International Air

Monitoring, Data, Reporting and Environmental Effects

3. March and June 2005: Two workshops to discuss draft Kazakh National Concept for air quality management and the implementation of selected protocols to the LRTAP Convention  

4. October 2005: Second Regional Seminar: - Air quality management and the international legal framework, and measures and energy pricing reforms needed

5. November 2004: First Regional Seminar: "Cost-effective Clean Coal  Technology Options for Central Asia and Prospects for Implementation, with Emphasis on Enhanced Environmental Performance and Meeting Relevant Environmental Standards and Regulations

Selected CAPACT outcomes

• Development of national implementation plans and scientific and technical activities for implementation of HM, POPs and EMEP Protocols;– Kazakh Plan ready and incorporated into Kazakh

Programme of Environmental Protection 2008-2010

• Support for establishment of EMEP Monitoring Station in Kazakhstan (1st in Central Asia)

Guidance for Implementation• Guidelines for strengthening compliance with and implementation

of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in the ECE region; – Adopted at 5th Ministerial Conference Environment for Europe, Kiev,

2000, ECE/CEP/107– Identifies difficulties and provides generic guidance

• Implementation Guides on Heavy Metals, POPs and Gothenburg Protocols – Available by end 2008, also in Russian– Detailed guidance for decision-making and practical implementation – To help analysis and planning for the national implementation plan– Guide to resources available for Parties

• Guidelines for the development of national implementation plan for CLRTAP and its Protocols for Kazakhstan– Outcome of the CAPACT project– Proposes practical measures and strategic considerations

UNECE “Kiev” Guidelines• National implementation:

« All legal and other appropriate measures required to implement the agreement should be in place, in order to ensure that a Party is in a position to comply with its international obligations at the time of entry into force of the MEA for that Party ».

Recommended steps for a potential Party:(UNECE Implementation Guidelines)

1. Review each obligation2. Identify implementation responsibility3. Administrative arrangements4. Funds5. Enforcement6. Public consultation and education7. Post-ratification: ongoing monitoring of

implementation

EECCA Action Plan (ECE/EB.AIR/WG.5/2007/17)

• Prepared in 2005 and further developed in 2007 following “Saltsjöbaden 3” Workshop

• Includes main aims:– Raise political profile of CLRTAP activities – Encourage ratification of Protocols (EMEP, HM, POPs, Gothenburg)– Increase cooperation and exchange of information through expanding

the modelling and monitoring activities– Support EECCA involvement in activities of the Convention

• Identifies related actions and relevant actors (e.g.)– Hold a high-level meeting in 2009 (EB, EECCA)– Relax Protocol provisions within their revision process (WGSR, EB)– Expand EMEP monitoring network (EECCA, EMEP, CCC, donors)– Make more material available in Russian (EB, secretariat, EECCA)– Organize joint activities/workshops for EECCA countries

EECCA and SEE Questionnaire on Implementation and Ratification of CLRTAP Protocols

• 2007: Questionnaire on EMEP, Heavy Metals, POPs, Gothenburg Protocols to identify: – problems in ratification– steps to be taken

• Replies received only from ARM, BEL, HR, MDA,UKR • Results relating to Protocol on Heavy Metals

– Implementation plans in 2008: BEL;– Need for technical assistance, implementation guidance, financial

support;– Main difficulties eg. Implementing art 6 and annex IV;– Inventory for Cd, Pb, Hg established by UKR and BEL;– Difficulties with application of ELVs: technical and financial, lack of

methodology;– Later implementation date would help ratification;– Unleaded petrol no longer in use.

Main messages to remember:Main messages to remember:

• Information, assistance and funding opportunities Information, assistance and funding opportunities to facilitate the implementation of CLRTAP to facilitate the implementation of CLRTAP Protocols are available!Protocols are available!

• Please, don’t hesitate to:Please, don’t hesitate to:– Express your needs, concerns and problems to Express your needs, concerns and problems to

the Convention Bodies and the Secretariat;the Convention Bodies and the Secretariat;– Request for support and propose projectsRequest for support and propose projects

MORE INFORMATION:

Convention website:www.unece.org/env/lrtap

CAPACT:www.unece.org/ie/capact/implem.html

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!