The Uilenkraal Bio-gas Power Generation Plant Dr. Andrew Taylor Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd [email protected] 4 October 2015
Aug 20, 2018
The Uilenkraal
Bio-gas Power Generation Plant
Dr. Andrew Taylor
Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd
4 October 2015
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 2
the South African realitytypical Eskom winter profile - 2015
peak from 4 pm to 9 pm – no sun for solar – wind ?
17 hours of peaking capacity is required
no sun
no sun
peak sun
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 3
Uilenkraal project investment motivation –
the 2003 RE White Paper• Supply shortage predicted from 2006 – LOAD SHEDDING
• an Energy Policy is a Constitutional requirement !
• the stated problems problems not emphasised
– coal dependence - water issues ?
– greenhouse gasses - unemployment ?
– energy security - food cost & food security ?
• acknowledged “local entrepreneurship & innovativeness”
• 10-year target “10 000 GW.hr generated by 2013” and 1.7
GW operational in 2013.
• “early win” targets included bio-mass combustion (sugar
and wood) and solar water heating
• bio-mass was prominent (combustion prominent ?)
• technology development was encouraged !
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 4
then the NERSA REFIT programme
• 2nd quarter 2009 REFIT I announced
• 4th quarter 2009 REFIT II announced – incl. bio-gas
• 31 December 2009 – REFIT Gazetted
but without any provision for bio-gas – why ?
• 1st quarter of 2011 – REFIT disbanded – why ?
• August 2011 – REIPPP initiated
– no provision for bio-gas – why ?
• 5 November 2012 – Financial closure on 1st round of
wind and solar projects, then rounds 2, 3 and 4
• still no provision for bio-gas - why ?
• then foreign intervention by the UN and GIZ etc.
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 5
cost comparison with REIPPP Round 1
• REIPPP round 1 involved 28 projects
• 1,416 MW for a total investment of US$ 5.97 billion
• 18 PV technology – installed capacity of 632 MW
• 2 CSP technology – installed capacity of 150 MW
• 8 wind technology – installed capacity of 634 MW
• average cost of each project = R 2.763 billion per
project
• average cost of installed capacity = R 55 million per
MW installed
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 6
cost comparison with REIPPP Round 1
• average cost = R 55 million per MW “capacity” installed
• if solar PV projects yield of 20% of installed capacity,
and if wind projects yield of 30%
• then average yield of round 1 ~ 24.5%
• then average actual cost of solar & wind = R223
million per MW generated (the true cost of “effective
capacity”)
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 7
bio-gas power in Germanysame power output as new SA coal plants (when running at full capacity)
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 8
renewable energy in Germanybio-mass generates more than wind and solar combined
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 9
bio-gas in SA in 2015• projects still denied access to the national grid–REIPPP?
• Durban landfill project – highly successful
• Johannnesburg Water – bio-gas from waste water
• City of Windhoek – bio-gas from waste water (CAE)
• CAE Uilenkraal project in Darling –
technical success @ <50% utilisation (project by CAE)
• proven capital cost in South Africa
< R20 million per MW for landfill projects R1.35 / kW.hr
< R30 million per MW for bio-gas projects R1.65 / kW.hr
• far cheaper than wind & solar & generate at peak times
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 10
the Uilenkraal dairy farma large scale total mixed ration (TMR) dairy
• 1500 Lactating cows in milk
• high roof open barns (180m)
• “free stall” animal
accommodation
• commercial animal feed mill
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 11
without grid access, power off-take is critical
• the commercial animal feed mill – peak demand 750 kVA
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 12
local technology and design
Developed and
Manufactured in
South Africa
• Hybrid, mixed and heated plug flow bio-digester
• Locally built bio-gas engines and CHP units
bio-digester construction – local materials
• > 7000 ton capacity
• 1% to 14% solids
• 20 to 40 day retention time
• Sequential plug-flow process
Anaerobic
bio-digester
Manure & waste
water mixing
Scraped manure collection Bio-Gas Generator (CHP)
Liquid bio-fertiliser storage
for land applicationSolids separator
FlareHeat to bio-
digester
Biogas to
generator
Biogas
to Flare
Electricity
Out
Bio-fertiliser
outCattle bedding
or bio-fertiliser
Solids
Liquid
Manure
& waste water slurry
in
Process heat out
for food processing
X
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 19
Average load profile - Jan and Feb 2015NB: min. set to 5 kW, peak hourly demand = 406 kW (briefly 455 kW)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Po
we
r [k
W]
Time of Day
Uilenkraal Bio-Gas January and February
V12007 V12008 Eskom Bio-Gas TOTAL
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CAPE ADVANCED ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD 20
98%
74%
Thank you for your interest
Dr. Andrew Taylor
Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd
4 October 2015