The Two-Stroke Engine A two-stroke engine is a combustion engine that completes the thermodynamic cycle in two movements of the piston( one revolution of the crankshaft)
Dec 18, 2015
The Two-Stroke EngineA two-stroke engine is a combustion engine that completes the thermodynamic cycle in two movements of the piston( one revolution of the crankshaft)
The two-stroke cycle
1- combined power and Exhaust stroke as the piston moves down .
2- induction and compression as it moves
up again .
The two strokes are :
1 - compression stroke , which start by closing the inlet and exhaust ports .
2 - power or expansion stroke, which start by firing and the inlet and exhaust are still closed .
Mode of operation of the two-stroke engine
1 - The compression and fuel intakeThe fuel/air mixture is first drawn into the crankcase by the vacuum that is created during the upward At the top of the stroke, the spark plug ignites the fuel mixture. The burning fuel expands, driving the piston downward stroke of the piston.
Mode of operation of the two-stroke engine
2- Power StrokeAs the piston finally bottoms out, the intake port is uncovered. The piston's movement has pressurized the mixture in the crankcase, so it rushes into the cylinder, displacing the remaining exhaust gases and filling the cylinder with a fresh charge of fuel, as shown here:
1- Two-stroke engines do not have valves, which simplifies their construction and lowers their weight. 2- Two-stroke engines fire once every revolution. This gives two-stroke engines a significant power boost. 3- Two-stroke engines can work in any orientation, which can be important in something like a chainsaw.
1- Two-stroke engines don't last nearly as long as four-stroke enginesdue to the lack of lubrication system.
2- Two-stroke oil is expensive
3- Two-stroke engines do not .use fuelefficiently
Advantages Of Two-Sroke Engines Disadvantages of the Two-stroke
4- Two-stroke engines produce a lot of pollution .
Comparison between two stroke and four stroke engine The Two-Stroke Engine The Four-Stroke Engine
1- the complete cycle requires one revolutions of the crankshaft to complete.
2- Lowe rpower because of one stroke in two revolutions.
1- the complete cycle requires two revolutions of the crankshaft to complete.2- Higher (theoretically twice) because of one stroke every revolution.
Two-stroke Parts1 - Piston
The piston performs the following functions :
(1) Forms a movable gas-tight plug to confine the charge in the cylinder .
(2) Transmits to the connecting rod the forces generated by combustion of the charge .
(3) Forms a guide and a bearing for the small end of the connecting rod.
Piston Materials* Pistons are made of aluminum in small engines or cast iron in .larger slower- speed engine
* Aluminium alloy pistons almost used in all modern engines because :the aluminium alloy is of1-lower strength than cast iron , 2- the light weight of this material 3- its higher Coefficient of thermalexpansion 4- The thermal conductivityof aluminium is about three times that of iron.this , enables aluminium pistons to run attemperatures about 200°C lower than cast-iron ones.
The main parts of a piston are :
1 - The top ,which may also called the Head or Crown .
2 - The Ring belt .
3 - The Pin bosses .
4 - The Skirt
2 - Piston ringsThe main functions of piston rings are :
(1) To form a pressure seal, preventing blow-by of the gases, including combustion products at high temperatures.
(2) Control of the flow of oil in enough quantity to the skirt and to the rings themselves, while preventing excessive amounts from entering the combustion chamber.
(3) The transfer of heat from the piston to the .cylinder walls
The piston ring of an internal combustion engine must be designed with sufficient heat resistance to withstand exposure to high .temperature gas
3-Connecting rod:* The crankshaft connecting rod mechanismtransforms reciprocative motion to rotational motion.
* There are bearing portions at both ends,thepiston side is called the small end,and Thecrankshaft side,the big end .
* The bearing portions receive load from the .weight of the piston and the conneting rod
* The connecting rod , usually a steel or alloy forging ( though sometimes aluminum in small engines ) .
connecting rod materials
1- failure of the bearings ,the conneting rod should be made as light as possible .2- Buckling ,the rod portion usually has an I-beam shape because of the high rigidity-to-weight ratio of this shape.
: Problems that connecting rod face
4- CrankshaftThe crankshaft converts reciprocative motion to rotational motion. It contains counter weights to smoothen the engine revolutions
types of crankshaft There are two types of crankshaft ,1- The monolithic type used for multi-cylinder engines,2- the assembled type fabricated from separate Elementswhich is mainly used for motorcycles.
The type of crankshaft determines what kind of Connecting rods are used .
Most of crankshaft has been a steel forging ,nodularcast iron crankshafts are also accepted normalpractice in automotive engines . the crankshaft is.supported in Main bearing
Crankshaft Materials
The strength of the shaft depends primarily on thatof the material from which it is made.
5 -Gudgeon pin
connects the piston to
the connecting rod and
provides a bearing for
the connecting rod to
pivot upon as the
piston moves.
6- flywheel
The flywheel is fastened to rear
of the crankshaft . The energy
imparted to it during the power
stroke is sufficient to keep the
crankshaft turning through the
idle strokes until it receives
another impulse thus producing
asmooth running engine .
Indicated Work Per Cycle
The indicated work per cycle /Cylinder is obtainedby integrating around the curve to obtain the area enclosed on the diagram.
With two-stroke cycle in the figure below , theenclosed integration is straightforward .
Mean Effective PressureMean Effective Pressure (MEP). It is a fictitious pressure that, if it acted on the piston during the entire power stroke, would produce the same amount of net work as .that produced during the actual cycle
Wnet = MEP * Piston area * Stroke = MEP * Displacement volume
Wnet MEP = ----------------- Vmax - Vmin