The Troubling Reality of Capital Limitations Faced by MBEs 1 Congressional Briefing Cannon HOB March 9, 2010 U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development Agency Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority Businesses:
May 30, 2015
The Troubling Reality of Capital Limitations Faced by MBEs
1Congressional Briefing
Cannon HOBMarch 9, 2010
U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development Agency
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority Businesses:
Major Findings
• Disparities in Capital Access Regardless of Firm Size
• Disparities in Capital Grow with Time
• MBEs are Good Investment Opportunities
• Minority Firms Grew Faster, but Are Smaller
• Strong Job Creation
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Barriers to Capital Access
• Financial Constraints – Lower Asset Levels
• Lending Discrimination• Other Discrimination
– Penetrating Networks– Consumer or Other Firms Discrimination
• Human Capital – Lower Education Level and Language Skill
• Business Ownership Experience and Family Background• Limited Social Networks• Industry Sectors and Geographic Locations (New
analysis)
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Current Financial Crisis
• Lower Housing Equity Values• Lower Stock Market• Lower Investment Deals and Investment
Amounts• Higher Business Bankruptcies• Numerous Bank Failures
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Lower Housing Price Index
Figure 1Quarterly Housing Price Index, Federal Housing Finance Agency
180.00
190.00
200.00
210.00
220.00
230.00
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1
2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Lower Number and Amount of VC Deals
Figure 3Venture Capital Deals, PricewaterhouseCoopers/National Venture Capital
Association MoneyTree Report
$3,000,000,000
$4,000,000,000
$5,000,000,000
$6,000,000,000
$7,000,000,000
$8,000,000,000
$9,000,000,000
2007-1 2007-2 2007-3 2007-4 2008-1 2008-2 2008-3 2008-4 2009-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Amount of Deals
Number of Deals
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Higher Business Bankruptcies Filings
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Figure 4Total Business Bankruptcy Filings
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Mar-06 Jun-06 Sep-06 Dec-06 Mar-07 Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08
New Analysis
• Inadequate Capital Access continues to be an important constraint to the growth of minority business.– Lower Loan and Equity Amounts– Higher fear of loan rejection and denial rates– Higher interest rates
• Differences in Capital Access Regardless of Firm Size
• Differences in Capital Grow with time.
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Higher Loan Denial Rates and Rejection FearsLoan Denial Rates
41.9%
8.4%
14.9%16.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Fear of Rejection
33.4%
18.8%17.4%12.2%
0.0%5.0%
10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0%
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses Source: Survey of Small Business Finances (2003)
Higher Loan Interest Rates
Loan Interest Rates
6.2% 5.9%
9.1%
6.9%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses Source: Survey of Small Business Finances (2003)
Lower Percentage of Firms Receiving Loan and Equity Investments
Percent of Firms Receiving Loans
17%
41%
23%
52%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Percent of Firms Receiving Equity Investments
5.4%5.5%6.1%
5.0%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses Source: Survey of Small Business Finances (2003)
Lower Loan Size and Equity InvestmentsAverage Loan Size
$9,261
$149,354
$20,482
$310,232
$0
$50,000$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000$300,000
$350,000
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Average Equity Investments
$19,377
$1,969
$7,274
$2,747
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
under $500,000 $500,000 +
Firm Size
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses Source: Survey of Small Business Finances (2003)
Disparities in Capital Access Grow After First Year in Operations
Total Financing Capital
$74,017
$29,447$45,627
$90,391
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
Startup Capital (2004) Subsequent Capital (2005-2007)
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses Source: Kauffman Firms Survey (2004-2007).
Competitive Returns on Equity Investments
• Venture Capital Funds Focused on Minority-Owned Firm Investments are Competitive - Venture capital funds focused on investing in minority-owned firms provide returns that are comparable to mainstream venture capital firms. Funds investing in minority businesses may provide attractive returns because the market is underserved.
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses Source: Timothy Bates and William D. Bradford, "Venture-Capital Investment in Minority Business," Journal of Money Credit and Banking 40, no. 2-3 (2008): 489-504
Overview of the State of MBEs
• Minority-Owned Firms Outpace Growth of Non-Minority Firms
Growth Rates, 1997 - 2002
30%
12%
4%
21%
6% 4%8%
-7%-10%-5%0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%
Number of Firms Gross Receipts Employment Payroll
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned BusinessesSource: U.S. Census Bureau’s 2002 Economic Census
• Minority-Owned Firms Lag Behind in Size Compared with Non-Minority Firms
Average Firm Size, 2002
$200,000
$333,000
$167,000
$439,000
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
Average Receipts Average Payroll
Minority Firms
Non-Minority Firms
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned BusinessesSource: U.S. Census Bureau’s 2002 Economic Census
• MBEs Have Fewer Employees on Average Compared to Non-Minority Firms
Average Employment Size, 2002
7.4
11.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Minority Firms Non-Minority Firms
Nu
mb
er o
f E
mp
loye
es
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned BusinessesSource: U.S. Census Bureau’s 2002 Economic Census
• Average Payroll per Employee for MBEs and Non-MBEs about the Same
Group of FirmsAverage Payroll per Employee, 2002
Native American $26,848
Asian $25,352
Hispanic $23,888
African American $23,277
Non-Minority Firms $29,842
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned BusinessesSource: U.S. Census Bureau’s 2002 Economic Census
Group of Firms
Employment Growth
1997-2002
Asian 2%
African American 5%
Hispanic 11%
Minority Firms 4%
Non-Minority Firms -7%
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned BusinessesSource: U.S. Census Bureau’s 1997 and 2002 Economic Census
• Employment Grows During 2001 Recession
New Analysis
• Young MBEs Create Jobs at Similar Rates Compared to Young Non-Minority Firms
Total Financing 2004-2007
Net Employment Creation by
2007Financing per Job
Minority $162,358 3.1 $52,374Non-Minority $227,272 2.4 $95,492Total $214,338 2.5 $85,055
Appendix Table 11Financing per Job Created among Young Firms
Kauffman Firm Survey (2004-07)
Source: Kauffman Firm Survey 2004-07.
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
Major Findings
• Disparities in Capital Access Regardless of Firm Size
• Disparities in Capital Grow with Time
• MBEs are Good Investment Opportunities
• Minority Firms Grew Faster, but Are Smaller
• Strong Job Creation
Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses
22
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