The Treaty of brest-litovsk 3rd March, 1918 The Treaty of brest-litovsk 3rd March, 1918.

The Treaty of brest-litovsk3rd March, 1918

The Treaty of brest-litovsk3rd March, 1918

Objectives• Why was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

necessary?

• What did both sides want?

• What were the terms of the treaty?

• What were the lasting effects?

• The treaty

• Russia

• Germany

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One Pulled out of the war

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One Pulled out of the war

Russian Civil War(Bolshevik Revolution)

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One Pulled out of the war

Russian Civil War(Bolshevik Revolution)

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One Pulled out of the war

Russian Civil War(Bolshevik Revolution)

Declared war against Germany in 1917, but not huge input.(Isolationists = still

thought of the war as a European war).

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One Pulled out of the war

Russian Civil War(Bolshevik Revolution)

Declared war against Germany in 1917, but not huge input.(Isolationists = still

thought of the war as a European war).

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

Why was the treaty necessary?

1918What’s happening?

World War One Pulled out of the war

Russian Civil War(Bolshevik Revolution)

Declared war against Germany in 1917, but not huge input.(Isolationists = still

thought of the war as a European war).

“Quick! The Americans are coming!”

Launching 5 major offensives

Why was the treaty necessary?

Why was the treaty necessary?

• Bolsheviks want out!• Tied up with fighting the Russian Civil War.

What did both sides want?

BOLSHEVIK RUSSIA

“peace without annexations or indemnities””

Trotsky had the difficult task of trying to end Russian participation in the

war without having to give any territory or money.

GERMANY

“independence” of Poland and Lithuania (which they already

occupied)

What were the terms?• Russia’s withdrawal from the

war.

• No propaganda against each other.

• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland became independent sovereign states.

• Germany and Austria-Hungary purpose to determine the future status of these territories in agreement with their population.

• Russia lost: 25% population, 25% industry and approx. 75% coal mines.

What were the terms?• Russia’s withdrawal from the

war.

• No propaganda against each other.

• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland became independent sovereign states.

• Germany and Austria-Hungary purpose to determine the future status of these territories in agreement with their population.

• Russia lost: 25% population, 25% industry and approx. 75% coal mines.

What were the terms?• Russia’s withdrawal from the

war.

• No propaganda against each other.

• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland became independent sovereign states.

• Germany and Austria-Hungary purpose to determine the future status of these territories in agreement with their population.

• Russia lost: 25% population, 25% industry and approx. 75% coal mines.

WHY DID RUSSIA ACCEPT SUCH HARSH TERMS??

What were the terms?• Russia’s withdrawal from the

war.

• No propaganda against each other.

• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland became independent sovereign states.

• Germany and Austria-Hungary purpose to determine the future status of these territories in agreement with their population.

• Russia lost: 25% population, 25% industry and approx. 75% coal mines.

WHY DID RUSSIA ACCEPT SUCH HARSH TERMS??

What were the lasting effects?Russia

• Loss of Ukraine and the Baltics...

What were the lasting effects?Russia

• Loss of Ukraine and the Baltics created dangerous bases for anti-Bolshevik military activity.

• Nationalists and revolutionaries...

What were the lasting effects?Russia

• Loss of Ukraine and the Baltics created dangerous bases for anti-Bolshevik military activity.

• Nationalists and revolutionaries join forces to fight against the Bolsheviks.

What were the lasting effects?The West

• Opposition view of Germany:

What were the lasting effects?The West

• Opposition view of Germany: harsh terms set by the Germans was a huge warning.

• Allied forces:

What were the lasting effects?The West

• Opposition view of Germany: harsh terms set by the Germans was a huge warning.

• Allied forces: spurred Allied efforts to win the war.

What were the lasting effects?The West

•Opposition view of Germany: harsh terms set by the Germans was a huge warning.

• Allied forces: spurred Allied efforts to win the war.

How will I use this information in an exam???

Focus Point: Could the peace treaties at the time be justified?

• Here are two past questions where you can use information from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in your answer:

• Why was Clemenceau dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles?

• ‘The Germans had genuine grounds for complaint about the Treaty of Versailles.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.