The Transformation of American Society Section One: The New Immigrants.

The Transformation of American Society

Section One: The New Immigrants

I. The Lure of America

A. A new wave of immigrants1. Old immigrants-1800-1880- 10 million- northwest

Europe- protestant2. New immigrants- 1891-1910- 12 million- southern

or eastern Europea. Czech, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, and

Slovak- most were Catholic, Greek Orthodox, or Jewishb. reasons

B. The journey1. Ocean journey in steerage

II. Arriving in America

A. Ellis Island, New York a. 1892- Statue of Libertyb. Physical exam and questioning

B. Angel Island, San Franciscoa. Asian immigrants- faced stricter laws

III. A New Life

A. Most settled in crowded citiesB. Low-paying, unskilled jobsC. Immigrant communitiesD. Religious institutions- helped with transitionE. Cultural practices- parents’ old world,

children adopted American cultureF. Immigrant worker- “dirty work”

a. Difficult and physically exhausting

IV. The Nativist Response

A. Many blamed immigrants for social problems- crime, poverty, and violence

B. Opposed for economic reasons- took jobs and lowered wages

C. Chinese exclusion1. Workingmen’s Party of California2. 1882- Chinese Exclusion Act- denied citizenship

D. Immigration Restriction League1. 1894- literacy test on all immigrants2. Vetoed by President Cleveland

Assignment

• Complete section review questions 1-4 on page 497

Section Two

The Urban World

I. The Changing City

A. Second Industrial Revolution- increase in city populations and sizes. WHY?

B. Traditionally 5 stories then Skyscrapers1. Elisha Otis2. Steel frames

C. Mass transit1. Public transportation- commuter trains, subways,

and trolley cars

D. Suburbs- result of mass transit

II. Upper-Class Life

A. Nouveau riche- new rich1. Quickly earned fortunes

B. Conspicuous consumption- public displays of wealth

1. Large homes, large parties2. Mr. and Mrs. Bradley Martin- $370,000 ball-18973. Donated- art galleries, libraries, and museums,

universities

C. Imitating British Victorian Culture1. Social etiquette

III. Middle-Class Life

A. Professionalization1. Educated workers with specialized fields

a. doctors, lawyers, teachers, or technicians

2. Professional schools and organizations set standards, issue licenses, and review practices

B. Middle-class women1. salesclerks, secretaries, and stenographers2. Most worked in the home- smaller families,

purchased goods, new technologies-running water

IV. How the poor lived

A. Long hours, low wagesB. TenementsC. slums

V. The Drive for Reform

A. Settlement houses- community service centers1. Jane Addams- started 1889- Hull House2. Provide educational and cultural activities for the

poor

B. The Social Gospel movement1. Apply Christian principles to address social

problems2. Classes, counseling, job training, libraries, and

other social services

Assignment

• Complete section review on page 504 questions 1-4

Section Three

Daily Life in the Cities

I. Education

A. Reformers and what other groups push for public education? WHY?

B. Compulsory education laws- must goC. Growth of public educationD. Proper behavior, civic loyalty, and cultural

values

II. Publishing

A. Increase of literacy- 90% could readB. Popular journalism

1. Newspapers, printers2. Circulation wars- sensational reporting- yellow

journalism

C. Literature1. Dime and nickel novels2. About city life

III. Leisure Time in Urban Parks

A. City planning- relief and relaxation1. Frederick Law Olmsted- Central Park

B. City Beautiful movementC. Bicycling and croquet

IV. Leisure and Sports

A. Organized sportsB. Baseball- neighborhood teams

1. Aaron Champion- Cincinnati Red Stocking- first pro2. William Hulbert- National League in 1876

C. Football- late 1800’s1. Walter Camp- adapted rugby2. Popular at colleges3. Early game was very dangerous- 18 college deaths, 46 high

school in one season

D. Basketball1. James Naismith- 1891

V. Entertainment

A. Theater1. Shakespeare’s tragic2. Vaudevilles- wide variety of short performances

B. Ragtime1. African American musicians develop a new style2. Scott Joplin3. Dances- Cakewalk, Grizzly Bear, and Turkey Trot

assignment

• Complete section review on page 511. questions 1-4