The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group. Culture.

The total of knowledge, The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors attitudes, and behaviors

shared by and passed on by shared by and passed on by members of a group.members of a group.

CultureCulture

A group that shares a A group that shares a geographic region, a geographic region, a

common language, and a common language, and a sense of identity and sense of identity and

culture.culture.

SocietySociety

A group of people A group of people who share language, who share language,

customs, and a customs, and a common heritage.common heritage.

Ethnic groupEthnic group

Taking existing Taking existing elements of society elements of society

and creating and creating something new to meet something new to meet

a need.a need.

InnovationInnovation

The spread of ideas, The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns inventions, or patterns of behavior to different of behavior to different

societies. societies.

diffusiondiffusion

The heartland or place of The heartland or place of origin of a major culture; a origin of a major culture; a

site of innovation from which site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to other technology diffuse to other

cultures.cultures.

Cultural Cultural hearthhearth

The cultural change The cultural change that occurs when that occurs when individuals in a individuals in a

society accept or society accept or adopt an innovation. adopt an innovation.

acculturationacculturation

A version of a language A version of a language that reflects changes in that reflects changes in speech patterns due to speech patterns due to

class, region, or class, region, or cultural changes.cultural changes.

dialectdialect

The belief in a The belief in a supernatural power or supernatural power or

powers that are regarded powers that are regarded as the creators and as the creators and maintainers of the maintainers of the

universe, as well as the universe, as well as the system of beliefs itself.system of beliefs itself.

religionreligion

In what two ways In what two ways do cultures do cultures

change?change?

Innovation and Innovation and diffusiondiffusion

Category of religion in Category of religion in which the followers which the followers believe in one god.believe in one god.

monotheismmonotheism

Category of Category of religion in which religion in which

the followers the followers believe in more believe in more than one god.than one god.

polythesimpolythesim

Two ways in Two ways in which religion which religion

spreads.spreads.Diffusion and Diffusion and conversionconversion

List the five major List the five major religions of the religions of the

world.world.Christianity, Judaism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Islam, Buddhism, and

HinduismHinduism

Three ways in Three ways in which cultures which cultures

express express themselves themselves creatively.creatively.Performing arts, Performing arts,

visual arts, and visual arts, and literatureliterature

The number of live The number of live births per total births per total

population, often population, often expressed per expressed per

thousand population.thousand population.

birthratebirthrate

The average number of The average number of children a woman of children a woman of

childbearing years would childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current had children at the current

rate for her country.rate for her country.

Fertility rateFertility rate

The number of The number of deaths per thousand.deaths per thousand.

Mortality rateMortality rate

The number of The number of deaths among deaths among

infants under age infants under age one as measured per one as measured per thousand live births. thousand live births. Infant mortality Infant mortality

raterate

Also called population Also called population growth rate – the rate at growth rate – the rate at

which population is which population is growing, found by growing, found by

subtracting the mortality subtracting the mortality rate from the birthrate.rate from the birthrate.

Rate of natural Rate of natural increaseincrease

A graphic device that A graphic device that shows gender and shows gender and

age distribution of a age distribution of a population.population.

Population Population pyramidpyramid

A factor that causes A factor that causes people to leave their people to leave their

homelands and homelands and migrate to another migrate to another

region.region.

Push factorPush factor

A factor that draws A factor that draws or attracts people to or attracts people to

another location.another location.

Pull factorPull factor

The average number of The average number of people who live in a people who live in a

measurable area, reached measurable area, reached by dividing the number of by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by inhabitants in an area by the amount of land they the amount of land they

occupy.occupy.Population Population densitydensity

The number of The number of organisms a piece of organisms a piece of

land can support land can support without negative without negative

effects.effects.

Carrying capacityCarrying capacity

Approximately what Approximately what percentage of the percentage of the world’s population world’s population

lives in the Northern lives in the Northern Hemisphere?Hemisphere?

90%90%

Which continent Which continent has the greatest has the greatest

population population density?density?

AsiaAsia

A political term describing A political term describing and independent unit that and independent unit that

occupies a specific occupies a specific territory and has full territory and has full

control of its internal and control of its internal and external affairs.external affairs.

StateState

A group of people with a A group of people with a common culture living in a common culture living in a

territory and having a territory and having a strong sense of unity.strong sense of unity.

NationNation

The name of a territory The name of a territory when a nation and a state when a nation and a state occupy the same territory. occupy the same territory.

Nation-stateNation-state

Type of government in Type of government in which citizens hold which citizens hold

political party either political party either directly or through directly or through

elected representatives.elected representatives.

DemocracyDemocracy

A type of government in A type of government in which a ruling family which a ruling family

headed by a king or queen headed by a king or queen holds political power and holds political power and may or may not share the may or may not share the power with citizen bodies.power with citizen bodies.

MonarchyMonarchy

A type of government A type of government in which an individual in which an individual

or a group holds or a group holds complete political complete political

power.power.

DictatorshipDictatorship

A system of which the A system of which the government holds government holds nearly all political nearly all political

power and the means power and the means of production.of production.

CommunismCommunism

Describes an area Describes an area (country, state, or (country, state, or territory) that has territory) that has

no outlet to the no outlet to the sea.sea.

landlockedlandlocked

Name for a boundary Name for a boundary that is based on that is based on

physical features of physical features of the land.the land.

Natural boundaryNatural boundary

Type of boundary Type of boundary that generally that generally follows lines of follows lines of

latitude and latitude and longitude.longitude.

Artificial boundaryArtificial boundary

List four different List four different types of political types of political

units.units.

City, county, state City, county, state and countryand country

The study of how The study of how people use space in people use space in

cities.cities.

Urban Urban geographygeography

An area that is the An area that is the center of business center of business

and culture and has and culture and has a large population.a large population.

CityCity

A political unit or A political unit or community touching community touching the borders of the the borders of the

central city or touching central city or touching other suburbs that other suburbs that

touch the city.touch the city.

SuburbSuburb

A functional area A functional area including a city and its including a city and its surrounding suburbs surrounding suburbs and exurbs, linked and exurbs, linked

economically.economically.

Metropolitan Metropolitan areaarea

The dramatic rise in The dramatic rise in the number of cities the number of cities and the changes in and the changes in lifestyle that result.lifestyle that result.

UrbanizationUrbanization

The core of a city, The core of a city, which is almost which is almost always based on always based on

commercial activity.commercial activity.

Central Business Central Business District (CBD)District (CBD)

What are the three What are the three basic land use basic land use

patterns found in all patterns found in all cities?cities?

Residential, Residential, industrial, commercialindustrial, commercial

As you move farther As you move farther away from the CBD, away from the CBD,

which land use which land use patterns usually begins patterns usually begins

to dominate?to dominate?

ResidentialResidential

What generally What generally happens to the value happens to the value

land as you move land as you move farther from the CBD in farther from the CBD in

a city?a city?

It decreasesIt decreases

The production and The production and exchange of goods and exchange of goods and

services among a services among a group of people.group of people.

EconomyEconomy

The way people The way people produce and exchange produce and exchange

goods.goods.

Economic systemEconomic system

A type of economic system in A type of economic system in which production of goods and which production of goods and

services is determined by a services is determined by a central government, which central government, which usually owns the means of usually owns the means of production. Also called a production. Also called a

planned economy.planned economy.Command economyCommand economy

A type of economic system A type of economic system in which production of in which production of goods and services is goods and services is

determined by the demand determined by the demand from consumers. Also from consumers. Also

called a demand economy called a demand economy or capitalism.or capitalism.

Market economyMarket economy

A material on or in A material on or in the earth, such as a the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, tree, fish, or coal,

which has economic which has economic value.value.

Natural resourcesNatural resources

The basic support systems The basic support systems needed to keep an economy needed to keep an economy

going, including power, going, including power, communications, communications,

transportation, water, transportation, water, sanitation, and education sanitation, and education

systems.systems.

InfrastructureInfrastructure

The average amount of The average amount of money earned by each money earned by each

person in a political person in a political unit.unit.

Per capita incomePer capita income

The total value of all The total value of all goods and services goods and services

produced BY a country produced BY a country in a period of time.in a period of time.

Gross National Gross National Product (GNP)Product (GNP)

The value of only The value of only goods and services goods and services produced WITHIN a produced WITHIN a country in a period country in a period

of time.of time.Gross Domestic Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Product (GDP)

What are four basic What are four basic types of economic types of economic

systems?systems?Traditional, Traditional,

command, market, command, market, and mixedand mixed

Economic activity Economic activity that involves the that involves the gathering of raw gathering of raw

materials.materials.

Primary activityPrimary activity

Economic activity Economic activity that adds value to that adds value to raw materials by raw materials by

changing their form.changing their form.

Secondary activitySecondary activity

__________ activities - __________ activities - providing personal providing personal and professional and professional

services.services.

TertiaryTertiary

__________ activities – __________ activities – providing providing

information, information, management, and management, and research services.research services.

QuaternaryQuaternary

Resources that can Resources that can replaced by natural replaced by natural processes, such as processes, such as

trees and fish.trees and fish.

Renewable resources.Renewable resources.

Resources that cannot Resources that cannot be replaced once be replaced once removed from the removed from the

ground, such as gold ground, such as gold and silver.and silver.

Non-renewable Non-renewable resources.resources.

Resources that cannot Resources that cannot be replaced once be replaced once removed from the removed from the

ground, such as gold ground, such as gold and silver.and silver.

Non-renewable Non-renewable resources.resources.